高中英語特殊句式

1、特殊句式 特殊句式思維流程2.such置于句首時(shí) such was albert einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. 這就是愛因斯坦，一個(gè)純樸的人，也是20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家。3.“there be”句型be動(dòng)詞可用“stand, live, exist, lie, remain, seem, appear”等來代替，其形式為：there謂語主語。there stands a tower on the top of the mountain.山頂有座塔。there appear some black

2、clouds in the sky.空中布滿烏云。【溫馨提示】在“there be”句型中，be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)靠近be動(dòng)詞的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來變化。例如：there is a desk and two chairs in the room.there are two chairs and a desk in the room.房間里有一張桌子和兩把椅子。4.表語置于句首時(shí)為了保持句子平衡或強(qiáng)調(diào)表語部分，可將作表語的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語等置于句首，構(gòu)成完全倒裝形式，即：形容詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/介詞短語be主語。happy are those who are contented.知足者常樂。prese

3、nt at the meeting were twenty teachers and thirty students.20位老師和30位學(xué)生參加了會議。seated on the ground are a group of young people.席地而坐的是一群年輕人。這就是他的臨終遺言?！菊`】such is his last words.【正】such are his last words.誤點(diǎn)：_1.for a moment nothing happened, then _(come) voices all shouting together.答案came考查倒裝句式。當(dāng)某些副詞如th

4、en, now, here，there, up等置于句首時(shí)，句子要用完全倒裝形式。句意：一時(shí)間，什么都沒發(fā)生，之后大家一起大笑起來。兩扇窗戶之間掛有一張畫?！菊`】between the two windows hang a picture.【正】between the two windows hangs a picture.誤點(diǎn)：_二、部分倒裝只把謂語的一部分(多為助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞be或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)置于主語之前的句子，叫部分倒裝句。這類句型主要有三種：1.only修飾介詞短語、副詞或狀語從句，且放在句首時(shí)。 only then did he realize he was wrong.直到那時(shí)他才意

5、識到他錯(cuò)了。only in this way can we learn english well.只有以這種方式，我們才能學(xué)好英語。2.否定副詞或短語never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no case等置于句首時(shí)。 never before have i seen such a moving film.我以前從未看過這么感人的電影。at no time will china be the first to use the nuclear weapons.在任何情況下中國絕不會第一個(gè)使用核武器。

6、 3.五個(gè)重要的固定句型：(1)“so/neither/norbe/have/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語”表示“前一句中的內(nèi)容也適合于另一人或另一事物”。he came last night, so did i.他昨晚來了，我也來了。lily cant ride, neither/nor can lucy.莉莉不會騎車，露西也不會?！緶剀疤崾尽咳绻硎緦η懊鎯?nèi)容的肯定，不使用倒裝句式。it is hot today.今天天真熱。so it is.的確如此。此句型也可寫成it is/was the same with主語或so it is/was with主語。tom is clever and he

7、 works hard.tom很聰明而且工作努力。so it is with jack.jack也是這樣。(2)在“soadj./adv.that.”句型中，如果soadj./adv.置于句首，主句用部分倒裝，that從句不倒裝。so clearly does he speak english that he can always make himself understood.他的英語說得如此清楚，以至于他總能讓別人聽懂。(3)在“not only., but(also).”句型中，如果not only置于句首，需將not only引導(dǎo)的句子倒裝，但but(also)引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝。 no

8、t only will help be given to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不僅幫助人們找工作，而且會向需要的人提供醫(yī)療。(4)當(dāng)“not until.”置于句首時(shí)，until從句的主謂不可倒裝， 而只是主句需要倒裝。 not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回來，我們才吃晚飯。(5)在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，通常使用倒裝語序(表語/狀語/動(dòng)詞原形as主語)。child as he was,

9、 he made a living by himself.盡管他是個(gè)孩子，他卻自己謀生。tired as he was, he still went on with his work.盡管很累，他還是繼續(xù)工作。try as he might, he didnt pass the exam.盡管很用功，但他考試還是不及格。people like his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers surprise.人們很喜歡

10、他的小說，因?yàn)楣适码m然簡單，但結(jié)局出奇，讓讀者吃驚。1.副詞開頭要倒裝，人稱代詞則如常。only修飾副介狀，位于句首半倒裝。否定意義副連詞，“即不也不”須倒裝。表語前置主語長，銜接自然常倒裝。such代詞做表語，引起主謂要倒裝。not only開頭句，前一分句須倒裝。had, were, should虛擬句，省略if半倒裝。2.(1)only修飾主語時(shí)，句子不可以倒裝。 only he can answer the question.只有他能回答此題。(2)only位于句首修飾狀語從句時(shí)，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。只有他返回時(shí)，我們才查明真相?！菊`】only when did he return

11、we found out the truth.【正】only when he returned did we find out the truth.誤點(diǎn)：_2.only when he reached the tea-house _(realize) it was the same place hed been in last year.3.(2012遼寧，32)not until he retired from teaching three years ago _(consider) having a holiday abroad.答案2.did he realize3.did he con

12、sider1.not until放在句首時(shí)，后面的主句用部分倒裝，因?yàn)閺木涫沁^去時(shí)，因此主句也用一般過去時(shí)。2.as引導(dǎo)從句必須用部分倒裝，though引導(dǎo)從句可用也可不用部分倒裝，although引導(dǎo)從句用陳述語序。 如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞最高級作表語，不再用冠詞。youngest as he is in our class, he speaks english best.他雖然是我們班年齡最小的，但他英語說得最好。知識點(diǎn)二強(qiáng)調(diào)句1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)?！癷t is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who其他成分”被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是主語、賓語和狀語，但不能是定語或謂語。所強(qiáng)調(diào)的可以是單詞

13、、短語，也可以是從句，但結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分指人時(shí)，用who或that皆可；指事物或情況時(shí)，通常用that。it was he that broke the window.是他打破了窗子。(主語)it was her that we met at the school gate.我們在校門口遇到的正是她。(賓語) it was in the park that tom lost his watch.湯姆是在公園里丟了他的手表的。(狀語)(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的問句形式。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句只需把is(was)提前。 is it professor wang who teaches you eng

14、lish? 是王教授教你們英語的嗎？強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句，只需在一般疑問句前加上疑問詞。who was it that broke the window？打破窗子的是誰？when was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天打電話給我是什么時(shí)候？(3)含有not.until.的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。其強(qiáng)調(diào)句式為：it is/was not until被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that其他成分。it was not until she took off her dark glasses that i recognized her.直到她摘下墨鏡，我才認(rèn)出她。 2.謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)如果需要

15、強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時(shí)，用？助動(dòng)詞do, does或did。do come this evening.今晚一定要來。 he did write to you last week.上周他的確寫信給你了。tom does study hard now.現(xiàn)在湯姆學(xué)習(xí)真的很努力。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it is(was)后面的人稱代詞若是從句中的主語， is/was的后面應(yīng)當(dāng)用主格形式。倘若這一人稱代詞是從句的賓語，則用賓格形式。it was him who(whom)i saw yesterday.我昨天見到的正是他。是他打破了窗戶。【誤】it was him who broke the window.【正】it was h

16、e who broke the window.誤點(diǎn)：_用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空1.it is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most.答案that句意：能給我們的工作帶來最大益處的不是我們做了多少，而是我們對于自己所做的事情付出了多少愛。考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為句子的主語not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do，故用that。2.it was 80 years before christopher

17、 columbus crossed the atlantic _ zheng he sailed to east africa.答案that考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句子雖然比較長，但是其主干為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，是對“80 years before christopher columbus crossed the atlantic”進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)調(diào)，由此可知，空白處應(yīng)該填寫“that”。知識點(diǎn)三省略句一、狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象1.當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致，從句謂語動(dòng)詞中又含有動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以省略狀語從句的主語和系動(dòng)詞be，這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)連詞(as, as if, once)名詞once (he

18、was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.從前他曾當(dāng)過老師，現(xiàn)在他在政府部門工作。 (2)連詞(though, whether, when)形容詞work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.年輕時(shí)努力工作，否則你會后悔的。(3)連詞(whether, as if, while)介詞短語he looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.他到處看好像在找什么東西。(4)連詞(when, while, though)現(xiàn)在

19、分詞while (i was) walking along the street, i heard my name called.當(dāng)我沿著馬路走時(shí)，聽到有人喊我的名字。 (5)連詞(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)過去分詞the exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.展覽比預(yù)料的更有趣。(6)連詞(as if, as though)不定式he opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.他張開嘴好像要說話。2.當(dāng)從句的主語

20、是it，謂語動(dòng)詞中又含有系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以把it和系動(dòng)詞一起省略。此時(shí)構(gòu)成“連詞(if, unless，when, whenever)形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，你最好不要查詞典。 另外，我們還可以用so或not代替上文內(nèi)容，此時(shí)可用ifso/not省略句式。get up early tomorrow.if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus.明天早點(diǎn)起。否則(如果不那樣)，你會錯(cuò)過頭

21、班車的。he may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note.那時(shí)他可能不在家。如果那樣，就給他留個(gè)紙條。1.though _(surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.答案surprised前半句是“though he was surprised to see us”的省略形式。一般情況下，如果狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同，并且從句的謂語含有be動(dòng)詞，常省略狀語從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞。2.it sounds like somet

22、hing is wrong with the cars engine._(如果這樣的話), wed better take it to the garage immediately.答案if so二、不定式的省略現(xiàn)象在一定的上下文中，為了避免重復(fù)，有時(shí)不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符號to。1.代替動(dòng)詞不定式后被省略掉的動(dòng)詞，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。 i asked him to see the film, but

23、 he didnt want to.我叫他去看電影，但他不想去。2.在have, need, ought, be going, used等后面。 i didnt want to go there, but i had to.我不想去那兒，但不得不去。3.在某些形容詞 glad, happy, pleased, delighted, afraid, willing, eager等后面。 will you join in the game？你想一起做游戲嗎？ id be glad to.好的。4.否定形式的省略用not to。 shall i go instead of him？我要代替他去嗎？i

24、 prefer not to.我寧愿不。 5.如果省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be, have, have been，則要保留這些詞。are you monitor of our class？你是我們的班長嗎？no, but id like to be.不，但是我想當(dāng)。知識點(diǎn)四祈使句、感嘆句及其他句式2.感嘆句基本構(gòu)成形式：(1)what (a/an)形容詞名詞主語謂語！(2)how形容詞a/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語謂語！(3)how形容詞/副詞主語謂語！what a clever boy he is！how clever the boy is！多聰明的男孩啊！what beautiful flower

25、s these are！how beautiful these flowers are!這些花多美麗??！how high the mountain is！這山真高??！3.there be句型的非謂語形式there being no bus, we had to walk home.沒有公交車了，我們不得不走路回家。i expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.我希望他有很多找到工作的機(jī)會。there having been no water for 2 days, the travelers were all very thirs

26、ty.已經(jīng)兩天沒有水了，這些旅行者們口渴得很厲害。多好的姑娘啊！【誤】how a nice girl she is!【正】what a nice girl she is！/how nice a girl she is!誤點(diǎn)：_dont turn off the computer before closing all programs _(否則) you could have problems.答案or易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1not until的誤用not until the motorbike looked almost new _(他才停下) repairing and cleaning it.解析not

27、until放在句首，句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。答案did he stop【即時(shí)小練】改寫句子：直到昨天晚上，他才回家。a：he didnt return home until last night.b：not until last night _.答案did he return home以題說法not until結(jié)構(gòu)用于倒裝句型中的主要形式為： (1)not until.部分位于句首；(2)部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中無否定性結(jié)構(gòu)；(3)當(dāng)until后接從句時(shí)，且not until.位于句首時(shí)，那么主句要倒裝，從句不倒裝(如本題)。突破指南應(yīng)熟記倒裝的一些常用詞，了解其使用規(guī)則，做到“有法可依”。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2省略問題的誤區(qū)in my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _(過去).解析考查英語中動(dòng)詞不定式省略。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式中有be動(dòng)詞或have時(shí)，應(yīng)對其進(jìn)行保留。答案it u