2021年中考英語語法備考訓(xùn)練05介詞

1、介詞【介詞命題趨勢(shì)】1、表示時(shí)間的介詞2、表示方位和運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞3、常用介詞用法辨析4、介詞與其它詞類的搭配1）形容詞與介詞的搭配2）動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配3）名詞與介詞的搭配【分析解讀】介詞為中考的必考點(diǎn),主要考時(shí)間介詞、方位介詞和介詞的固定搭配。介詞在應(yīng)用中有固定性，所以準(zhǔn)確記憶其用法和搭配是掌握介詞的關(guān)鍵?！局R(shí)方法】 表示時(shí)間的介詞- at in on since after by until 等 表示方位的介詞-in on over to above under in front of in the front of 介詞+名詞 介詞的固定搭配的 be+形容詞+介詞 介詞 動(dòng)詞+介詞 b

2、etween & among across &through& over& past 易混介詞的區(qū)別 in &on for &to &towards after & behind but & besides &except in & afterto & at 知 識(shí) 清 單介詞是一種虛詞，用來表示它后面的名詞或代詞同句中其他某個(gè)成分之間的關(guān)系。介詞在句中不能單獨(dú)使用，必須連用它的賓語即后面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成介詞詞組后才能作句子成分。知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！1. 介詞的功能介詞是一種虛詞，用來表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語句中其它詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞

3、構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語可在句中作定語，狀語，表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：the boy over there is johns brother. 在那兒的那個(gè)男孩是約翰的弟弟。(定語)the girl will be back in two hours. 這位姑娘過兩個(gè)小時(shí)回來。 (狀語)our english teacher is from australia.我們的英語老師來自澳大利亞。 (表語)help yourself to some fish. 請(qǐng)吃些魚。 (賓語補(bǔ)足語)2. 常用介詞的用法辨析（1）表時(shí)間的介詞1）at, in on表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如：at six oclock,

4、at noon, at midnight。表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用on。例如：on monday, on july 1st, on sunday morning等。since, after由since和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過去某一點(diǎn)開始的時(shí)段，但since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說話的時(shí)刻，因而往往要與現(xiàn)

5、在完成時(shí)連用。而after詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過去，因而要與一般過去時(shí)連用。例如：i havent heard from him since last summer.自從去年夏天，我再也沒有收到他的信。after five days the boy came back.五天后，這男孩返回來。in, afterin與將來時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，表示“過多長時(shí)間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語。after與將來時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語。after與過去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語。例如：he will be back in two months.他在兩個(gè)月后回來。he will

6、 arrive after four oclock四點(diǎn)鐘后，他到達(dá)。he returned after a month.一個(gè)月后，他回來了。（2）表示地點(diǎn)的介詞at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如：he arrived in shanghai yesterday.他昨他天到達(dá)上海。they arrived at a small village before dark.他們?cè)谔旌谇暗竭_(dá)一個(gè)小村莊。there is a big hole in the wall.墻上有一個(gè)大洞。the teacher put up a pict

7、ure on the wall.老師把一幅畫掛在墻上。over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具體含義不同。over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。on指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如：there is a bridge over the river.河上有一架橋。we flew above the clouds.我們飛越云層。they put some flowers on the teachers desk.他們把一些花放在講桌上。across,

8、 throughacross和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。throgh的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如：the dog ran across the grass.狗跑過草地。the boy swam across the river.那男孩游過河。they walked through the forest.他們穿過森林。4) in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外；in the front of 表示“在的

9、前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)。例如：there are some tall trees in front of the building.在大樓前有一些高樹。the teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老師坐在教室前面3. 介詞的固定搭配 介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。（1）介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of,

10、look after, spendon, 等。（2）介詞與名詞的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介詞與形容詞的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！ 1. -what time did yo

11、u get there this morning? - _ eight. a. in b. on c. at d. from2. he has got a chair to sit _, but nobody to talk _. a. on, to b. / , with c. on, / d. / , to wheres lily? we are all here _ her. a. beside b. about c. except d. withshanghai lies _ the east of china. a. to b. in c. on d. at 精析： 1. 答案：c.

12、此題考查學(xué)生是否掌握了atin on 表示時(shí)間的用法。表示幾點(diǎn)用at. 2. 答案: a.此題考查位置介詞on 和詞組talk to . 3. 答案： c. 此題考查四個(gè)介詞的意思。能根據(jù)上、下文正確使用。 4. 答案： b. 此題考查學(xué)生是否掌握了表達(dá)位置的用法。在表達(dá)東、西、南、北的方位時(shí)。在范圍之內(nèi)用in , 在范圍之外用to，相鄰用on。練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空：last saturday i was busy _ my homework .my teacher was very angry _ me because i was late _ school a

13、gain.kathy prefers a hula hoop _ a book.i will invite some friends _ my eighteenth birthday party.how long has he worked _ an inventor.my uncle arrived _ the airport _ the morning of may 3.i will always help my friends when they are _ trouble.there is nothing _ air _ space.i wont be back _ june. _ t

14、he age _ twenty, he had written two books. mary fell _ her bike and hurt her right leg. he has been away _ china _ three years ago. when i was _ school, i was _ the school football team. i think he will be _ two oclock. the teacher was given some flowers _ his students. look, the birds are singing _

15、 the tree. he left the classroom _ all the windows open. my sister is ill today. she doesnt feel _ eating anything. its too dangerous. you must keep the children away _ the fire. my parents arrived _ a cold night. you should apologize _ her _ stepping on her foot. the students are sitting _ the tabl

16、e, reading the newspaper. the city is famous _ its football, and people there are very proud _ their city football team. we are doing better _ english _ our teachers help. dont worry _ me. everything is going well _ me. he was late _ school today, and she came late _ school, too. - do you know what

17、happened _ peter yesterday?- he was hit _ a car. i like clothes made _ cotton. he will go to hangzhou _ his car tomorrow. _ my surprise, the englishman gave up halfway _ the end. i saw the great changes _ my own eyes. you look tired. instead _ working indoors you should be out _ a walk. wushu is bec

18、oming more and more popular _ foreigners. if you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me _ phone. there is going to be a report _ chinese history _ our school this evening. before 1990 there was no airline _ the two cities. she is dressed _ a white skirt _ red flowers. its bad _ you to

19、go to work _ breakfast. its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the world cup. - where have you been these days?- i have been to bei daihe _ a friend _ canada.- would you like some coffee?- yes, and please get me some milk, too. i prefer coffee _ milk.- when did mr smith come here?- _ nine ocloc

20、k yesterday morning. you must stand _ line when you are waiting _ a bus. - jack, will you be home _ time to see the children before they go to bed?- no problem.china lies _ the east of asia and _ the north of australia.46. if you cant pass the exam, youll fall _ others.47. i have a swim every day _

21、yesterday.48. we all know that the earth moves _ the sun.49. the sunlight is coming in _ the window.50. this room is full_students and that one is filled_ teachers.key: 1. with 2. with, for 3. to 4. to 5. as 6. at, in 7. in, 8. but, in 9. until 10.at, of 11. off 12. from, since 13. in, on/in 14. in

22、15. by 16. in 17. with 18. like 19. from 20. on 21. to, for 22. at 23. for, of 24. in, with 25. about, with 26. for, to 27. to, by 28. from 29. in 30. to, in 31. with 32. of, for 33. among 34. by 35. on, in 36. between 37. in, with 38. without 39. of, for 40. with, from 41.to 42. at 43. in, for 44.

23、in 45. in, to 46. behind 47. except 48. around 49. through 50. of, with【語法過關(guān)】1.china lies_ the east of asia and_ the north of australia, a. to; to b. in; to c to; in d. in; on 2.his son suddenly returned_ a cold rainy night. a. on b. at c. in d. for 3.timmy goes to school _ every day . its 5 minutes

24、 walk from his home to school. a. in a bus b. by plane c. on foot d. by boat 4. last month , students had to have their lessons by internet _ because of sars. a. on the playground b. at home c. in the street d. near the hospital 5.today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. a. as b. for c. like d. of6. some shops open_ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the spring festival holidays. a. at b. between c. from d. about 7. - how are you goi