英語五種基本句

1、英語五種基本句型基本句型一: 主+系+表 此句型的句子有一個共同的特點:句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思,必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構成復合謂語,才能表達完整的意思.這類動詞叫做連系動詞.系動詞分兩類:be, look, keep, seem等屬一類,表示情況;get, grow, become, turn、go等屬另一類,表示變化.be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用.其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義. 另:stay,prove,remain,stand。1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典. 2. The d

2、inner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好. 3. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了 4. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯. 基本句型二: 主+謂(不及物動詞) 此句型的句子有一個共同特點,即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思.這類動詞叫做不及物動詞,后面可以跟副詞,介詞短語,狀語從句等. 1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著. 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了. 3. What he said doe

3、s not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關系. 4. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個小時. 5. The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆書寫流利. 基本句型三: 主+謂(及物)+賓 此句型句子的共同特點是:謂語動詞都具有實義,都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作,但不能表達完整的意思,必須跟有一個賓語,即動作的承受者,才能使意思完整.這類動詞叫做及物動詞. 1. Who knows the answer？ 誰知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書. 3. He admits that he was mistaken. 他

4、承認犯了錯誤. 基本句型四: 主+謂(及物)+雙賓（間賓+直賓） 此句型的句子有一個共同特點:謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思.這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者,另一個是動作的間接承受者.通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接,當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時,這一介詞往往被省略. 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳. 2. I showed him my pictures. 我給他看我的照片. 3. He bought you a dictionary.他給你買了一本字典. 4. I told him that th

5、e bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點了. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開機器. 基本句型五: 主+謂(及物)+復合賓語（賓+賓補）此句型的句子的共同特點是:動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語,才能使意思完整. 1. They painted the door green. 他們把門漆成綠色. 2. They found the house deserted. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住. 3. What makes him think so？ 他怎么會這樣想？. 4. We

6、saw him out. 我們送他出去. 5. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早點回來. 6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 我看見他們當時在上了那輛公共汽車. 除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例：We found the hall full.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。We found the great ha

7、ll full of students and teachers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽一個重要報告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current

8、affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽人民日報的一位同志作有關東歐局勢的重要報告。PEP小學英語重點句型語法總結與分析三年級起點的人教版PEP教材在小學階段共有8冊書，其涉及的重要語法知識主要有7種：to be句型、there be句型、一般現(xiàn)在時句型、現(xiàn)在進行時句型、一般過去時句型、情態(tài)動詞can引導的句型、be going to句型等。現(xiàn)以58冊書為例，簡要分析如下：一 to be句型：用于介紹個人情況如姓名、健康狀況、身份、國籍、家庭成員、朋友、職業(yè)等，描述地點、顏色、四季、日期、星期幾等，該句型廣泛分布于各冊教材中，其中58冊的句型主要有：1

9、. Whos your English teacher? Mr. Carter. 2. Whats he like? Hes tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt. She is very active.4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. Whats your favourite fruit/food? 7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/ 8. When

10、 is your birthday? Its in May.9. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is. 11. Whats the date? 12.This is Zhang Peng. 13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？ Im 164 cm tall. 15. You are shorter than m

11、e.16.Youre 4 cm taller than me. 17.How heavy are you? Im 48 kg.18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.19. Whats the matter with you? My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某處有某物”或“某時有某事”。句型基本結構為：There is+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+時間或地點。There are+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+地點。該句型主要分布在第5冊的Unit 5和Unit

12、6中，如：1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.4. Is there a river? No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes,

13、 there are.三 一般現(xiàn)在時句型：表示習慣性的動作或行為，或現(xiàn)在存在著的狀況。句型基本結構為：主語+行為動詞+其他。當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，要在動詞原形后面加s或es，其他人稱作主語時則用動詞原形，在問句及否定句中需要用助動詞do或does。這種句型通常有一些標志詞，如：usually often sometimes never always等。該句型主要分布在第5冊Unit2&3，第6冊Unit1&2, 第7冊Unit4,5,6, 第8冊Unit2中。如：Book5: 1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math an

14、d science on Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes.Book6: 1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you g

15、et up? I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best. 6. Why do you like summer/winter?Book7: 1. How do you g

16、o to school, Sarah? 2. Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesnt. She teaches math.6. What does your mother do? What does your father do? 7. Where

17、 does she work? She works in a car company.8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun

18、 shines and the water becomes vapour.13. How do you do that? Book8: 1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel? 3. You look so happy. You look sad today. 四 現(xiàn)在進行時句型：表示說話時正在進行的動作或事件，或在短期內(nèi)正在進行的動作或存在的情況。標志詞是：now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要結構為：be動詞（am, is, are）+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞(v. ing)。該句型主要

19、分布在第6冊Unit4, 5, 6中。如：1. What are you doing? Im doing the dishes. Im reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing ? Its eating bananas. 4. What is she doing ? Shes jumping. 5.

20、 What are they doing ? Theyre swimming. They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch? No, we arent.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is. 9. Is she counting insects? No, she isnt.五 一般過去時句型：表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結束的事件、動作或情況。句型基本結構為：主語+動詞過去式+其他。標志詞通常是：yesterday, last w

21、eek , last year 等，在問句與否定句中要用助動詞did。該句型分布在第8冊Unit3&4中。如：1.What did you do last weekend? I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did.3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing.4. Did you read book? Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room? No, I didnt.6.Where did you go on your h

22、oliday? I went to Xinjiang.7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there？ I went by train.此外，一般過去時也可用來表示客氣的詢問。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some 六 情態(tài)動詞can引導的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的動詞要用原形。該句型主要分布在第5冊Unit4和第7冊Unit1中。如：1. What

23、can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. Can you make the bed? No, I cant. 4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.: How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.七 將來時：我們的教材中出現(xiàn)過兩種表示將來時的句型，即：will和be going to句型，主要以be going to句型為主，表示將要做某事或打算

24、做某事。句型主要結構：am/is/are + going to + v.原形。標志詞有：tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend nextbe going to1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going? I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing? He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan? She is going to go there at 9:00 am一般過去時一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時一般將來時定 義表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作、存在的狀態(tài)或習慣性的動作的時態(tài)。表示說話時或說話前后正在發(fā)生的動