英語初一升初二銜接

1、.第一章 七年級(jí)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)Unit 5 and unit 6頻度副詞及用法：頻度副詞主要指一定時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)。 l I always go to school by bike.(100%)l I usually go to work by car.(80%)l I often go to school by bus.(60%)l I sometimes go to school by subway.(40%)l I seldom go to school on foot.（20%）l I never go to school by taxi.(0%)除此之外，常見的這類副詞及短語還有

2、：everyday, twice a week, once a week等注意： 對(duì)頻度副詞用How often 提問： 例：1. How often does he go to the park? Twice a week. 2. How often do you go to the library? Everyday ! 2. 交通方式的表達(dá) A. 交通工具: bus taxi bike train plane subway car等等。 B. 乘坐交通工具，用by+交通工具，中間不加任何詞：by bike, by bus, by plane/by air除此之外，還可用其他詞匯這樣表達(dá)：

3、take a bus, ride a bike, take a taxi, walk to C. 對(duì)交通方式或者方式的提問用 how, e.g. How do you go home? I go home on foot. How does she go to work? By bus.3. 關(guān)于借物：borrow, lend, keep Borrow: 短暫性動(dòng)詞，指從別人那里借來東西。Lend: 指把自己的東西借出去給別人，lend sth. to sb.Keep: 持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可指“借多久”， 可以接時(shí)間段。練習(xí)：May I _ your knife? Please _ it to me

4、. You can _ them for 3 days.4. There be 句型：表示某地或某時(shí)存在某人，某事或或某物。謂語使用就近原則。e.g. There is an orange and two apples on the table. 將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為：There is going to be / there will be e.g. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow morning.句型變化：a. Is there a computer in your study? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt. b. A

5、re there any shoes under the bed? Yes, there are./ No, there arent. c. What is on the table? There is a knife and a fork.與“have”的區(qū)別：have 指“某人擁有什么”， 強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系。e.g. I have many science books.課堂小練習(xí)1. There _ any rice in the bowl. A. are B. Is C. isnt D. arent2. There _ many apples on the tree last year. A

6、. have been B. were C. are D. is3. There _ a film tomorrow evening. A. will have B. have C. is going to be D. has4. There is some milk in the bottle, _? A. isnt there B. arent there C. isnt it D. are there5. How many boys _ there in the Class One? A. be B. is C. are D. am6. There _ a lot of good new

7、s in todays newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D. were7. There _ pencil-box, and some flowers on the desk. A. is a B. are some C. has a D. have some8. There _ an apple and ten bananas in the basket. A. are B. is C. has D. have9. _ any flowers on both sides of the street? A. Is there B. Are there C. Has

8、D. Have10. There is little water n the glass, _? A. isnt there B. isnt it C. is it D. is there5. 表示地點(diǎn)與方位: on/ at/in/above/ under/beside/near/behind/next to/across from On the right/left, in front of/ in the front of, at the back of/ at back of 6. 問路，指路與距離 問路：u Excuse me, is there a .near here?u Excu

9、se me, how can I get to/ Could you tell me how to get to?u Where is? u Excuse me, which is the way to/ Which bus goes to?指路：l Go up this street to the end andl Go alongand turn left at the first street.l Sorry, I dont know. Im new here.l You can take bus No.12.l Its about 400 meters from here.l Youd

10、 better take a taxi.距離How far is it from here? Its about 5 kilometers away from here./ Its 2 hours by bike.7. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1）表示現(xiàn)在（說話瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常和now連用，有時(shí)用動(dòng)詞look!(瞧)，listen!(聽)來表示“此時(shí)此刻”這一時(shí)間概念,或者使用祈使句Dont引導(dǎo)的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)為：be + doing e.g. He is reading books in the library now. Listen, someone is playing the pia

11、no. Look, they are dancing. 注意區(qū)別于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，或表示說話者的能力，或普遍真理。 用法:1)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I go to school on foot on weekdays. / He is very busy every day.2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。He can swim. / I work hard. / She likes watching TV. 3)表示客觀真理 There are seven days in a week. / The moon moves r

12、ound the earth.標(biāo)志:often（經(jīng)常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有時(shí)）,always（總是）,never（從不）, on Sundays（在星期天）, every day/month/year（每一天/月/年）課堂練習(xí)( )1. Listen! They _ in the next room.A. sing B. is singing C. are singing D. were singing( )2. Lucy is always busy. She _ only five hours every day.A. is sleeping B. will s

13、leep C. would sleep D. sleeps ( )3. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class.A. have B. having C. is having D. are having ( )4. -Is your father a doctor? -Yes, he is. He _ in Town Hospital.A. has worked B. is working C. works D. worked( )5. On Sunday he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes

14、 _ some shopping.A. wash; do B. is washing; is doingC. washes; does D. washes; is doing( )6. -Mary, could you help me? -Wait a moment. I _.A. read a book B. did my homework C. was watching TV D. am cooking dinner.( )7. -Tom _ the piano in the room. -Please ask him to come here.A. play B. plays C. pl

15、ayed D. is playing( )8. -Can your father drive? -Yes, and he usually _ to school.A. drove B. is driving C. drives D. has driven ( )9. -Excuse me, where is Jim? -Oh, he _ dumplings in the kitchen.A. makes B. will make C. is making D. made( )10. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A. rose; s

16、et B. rises; sets C. rises, set D. rise; sets( )11. Dont turn on the TV. Grandma _ now.A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. slept D. sleeps( )12. -_ you _ a book? -Yes, I am.A. Do; read B. Are; read C. Are; reading D. Are; looking( )13. Sometimes she _ in the day, but now she is _.A. works; working B. wo

17、rking; work C. work; working D.work; work( )14. Jenny_ English every evening.A. has study B. studies C. study D. studied( )15. Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A. like; listen B. likes; listens C. like; are listening D. liking ; listen8. 一些重點(diǎn)單詞及短語 Early catch walk ride return easy interesting d

18、ifficult boring beautiful large stop turn across danger last fast carefulThe same to come on have a short rest in ones free time a few of course Look for on time put on fromto be friendly to talk about put away In the center of at the end of a lot of close to far from right now Be late for across fr

19、omUnit 7 and unit 81.主要詞匯短語 1-12 月份：January February March April May June July August September October November December 序數(shù)詞： first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth. 四季：spring summer autumn/ fall winter Weather: warm hot rain snow cloudy rainy snowy sunny windy cool cold S

20、port birthday party present shape ago anything mean enjoy wash happen angry arrive busy travel trip believe important prepare start shout hold race be born do some cleaning have a good time take pictures be good at/ do well in with the help of/ with ones help enjoy oneself at once tell a lie be diff

21、erent from put up prepare for stay up 2. 天氣 詢問天氣：a. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：How is the weather? /Whats the weather like today? Its sunny./ Its hot. b. 一般過去時(shí)：How was the weather?/ What was the weather like? It was sunny./ It was hot. 關(guān)于溫度：Whats the temperature? The temperature is 20.3. 談?wù)撃芰Γ?使用情態(tài)單詞can, 后接動(dòng)詞原形，沒有人稱變化，但

22、是有過去式could. She can sing English songs. Can you dance? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. I can swim now, but I couldnt swim when I was five.4. 意愿和打算 Hope 表示希望，指比較容易達(dá)成的目的： hope to do Wish 表示希望，指不容易達(dá)到的目的或意愿：wish (sb.) to do Want 想要， 表示個(gè)人的意愿，want （sb.） to do Would like: 用法和want 一樣 Plan: 計(jì)劃，plan to do e.g. I ho

23、pe to find a pen pal. I wish to be a rich man. / I wish you to win the first prize. I want/would like to buy a present for her. I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.5. 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式”可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來理解：1、過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，句中有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語如：yesterday（昨天）, last night（昨晚）, last week

24、（上個(gè)星期）, four days ago（四天前）, in 2002（在2002年）, just now（剛才）, the day before yesterday（前天）等。表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2、過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.其句式變化分為兩種情況：1)

25、含有be動(dòng)詞的直接把be 動(dòng)詞改成過去式. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行為動(dòng)詞的變否定句要在行為動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞didnt.,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形; 變一般疑問句,在句首加助動(dòng)詞did,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday? 課堂練習(xí) 請(qǐng)用正

26、確動(dòng)詞形式填空。 1. I _ an exciting party last weekend. （have） 2. She _ at home yesterday morning. （is） 3. Tommy _ TV at his uncles last night.（watch） 4. They all _ to the mountains yesterday morning. （go） 5. My friend, Carol, _for the math test yesterday evening. （study）6They_(be) on the farm a moment ago.

27、7There_(be)a shop not long ago.8 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night.9 Danny _(read )English five minutes ago.10 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now.按照括號(hào)中的要求改寫句子。 11. Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy _ _ her homework at home. 12. She found some meat in the fridge.（變一般疑問句) _ she

28、 _ _ meat in the fridge? 13. She stayed there for a week.（對(duì)劃線部分提問） _ _ _ she _ there? 14. There was some orange in the cup.（變一般疑問句) _ there _ orange in the cup? 15. Li Ming is at school now. （用yesterday 改寫句子） Li Ming _ at school yesterday. 第二章 句法與寫作基礎(chǔ)一. 了解句子成分與詞類之間的關(guān)系。 據(jù)自由句子成分組成，而句子成分又由某些特定的詞語擔(dān)當(dāng)。句子成

29、分分為：主語， 謂語， 賓語， 表語，補(bǔ)語， 定語和狀語。（1） 主語主語是一個(gè)句子敘述的主體，說明句子講的是誰或者什么情況。名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式，動(dòng)詞ING等都可做主語。Mary is a good student.He enjoys going fishing.Playing football is my favorite sport.（2） 謂語謂語一般放在主語之后，用來說明主語的動(dòng)作，特征，行為或者處于什么狀態(tài)。謂語通常由動(dòng)詞或短語來充當(dāng)，有時(shí)態(tài)，語氣，語態(tài)和人稱和數(shù)的變化，前面還可以加上助動(dòng)詞或者情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等。The room can hold twenty people. (情態(tài)

30、動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞原形)She teaches us English. （第三人稱單數(shù)）My mother bought me a new sweater. (動(dòng)詞過去式)（3） 表語用來表述主語的特征，狀態(tài)，身份等，一般跟在連系動(dòng)詞之后，一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢宰鞅碚Z的有名詞，代詞， 數(shù)詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式和動(dòng)詞ING等等。 He is a lucky dog. Her work is to look after the baby. Keep quiet, please. The weather becomes warmer and warmer in spring.（4） 賓語賓語在

31、句子中充當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者表明行為動(dòng)作的支配對(duì)象?？梢宰鲑e語的有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式，動(dòng)詞ING等等。介詞之后也叫賓語。 Walls have ears. I remember to give back his bike.I send a postcard to my friend yesterday.（5） 賓語補(bǔ)足語有些謂語動(dòng)詞雖然帶了賓語，但句子意思并不完整，還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說明句子意思才完整。這個(gè)補(bǔ)充說明的成分就叫賓語補(bǔ)足語，用來說明賓語的行為，特征和狀態(tài)，身份等。能夠充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的的有名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式和動(dòng)詞ING。I want him backHis jokes

32、 make me laugh.I see her playing with her little brother.Mother tells me not to swim in the river.（6） 定語定語用來修飾名詞和代詞。除動(dòng)詞之外，其余詞類都可做定語。放在修飾詞前面的叫前置定語，放在修飾詞后面的叫后置定語。 Ann is a young singer. There is a beautiful picture on the white wall. You can see green leaves on the trees in spring. （7） 狀語用來表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，

33、方式，程度，目的，結(jié)果，條件等等的叫狀語。狀語一般放在句尾，有的也可謂語句首或句中。The plane will take off in ten minutes.Its really beautiful. We will go to the park by bike.Judy wants to hold her birthday party at her home.I like going shopping very much.試畫出下列句子的句子成分1. The book is about Chinese history.2. You should hold my hand.3. I wan

34、t to know that beautiful girl under the tree.4. They are working on the farm now.5. The old man was feeling very tired.6. People speak English in America.7. I often go to school on foot.8. Sam didnt do his homework yesterday. 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture

35、D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their br

36、eakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework二.了解句子的各種類型 句子可以按照不同類別進(jìn)行分類。我們主要學(xué)習(xí)按照用途劃分，這樣可分為陳述句，疑問句，祈使句和感嘆句。（1） 陳述句用于陳述一件事情或一種觀點(diǎn)的句子叫陳述句，包含肯定句和否定句，句末用句號(hào)。He is willing to help others.We cant live without water and air.（2） 疑問句疑問句是用來詢

37、問事情的句子。常用的有一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。l 一般疑問句 常用來詢問一件事情是否屬實(shí)，一般要用yes 或 no 來回答。 Does Helen always do housework? Yes, she does.l 特殊疑問句 主要用來對(duì)陳述句中某個(gè)成分進(jìn)行提問，常用的疑問詞有7個(gè)wh- 和 how。 What will you use to do it?/ where are you going?l 選擇疑問句 說話人提出一個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的選擇，供對(duì)方選擇的問句。選擇疑問句可用一般疑問句形式也可用特殊疑問句形式，選擇項(xiàng)之間用or 連接。What would you

38、 like, tea or milk? Id like tea.Do you like tea or milk? I like milk.l 反意疑問句 通常在陳述句之后加上一個(gè)與之意思相反的簡(jiǎn)短問句構(gòu)成，主要是說話者對(duì)所敘述的情況有一定看法后，想通過一個(gè)問句來獲得進(jìn)一步肯定。You can ride a bike, cant you?They are having a good time, arent they?（3） 感嘆句感嘆句是抒發(fā)強(qiáng)烈情感的句子，如歡樂，憤怒，驚奇等。What 和how 常用來引導(dǎo)感嘆句。How careful you are!What a wonderful mov

39、ie!（4） 祈使句用來表示請(qǐng)求，命令，勸告，建議等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句一般沒有時(shí)態(tài)，也不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只需要?jiǎng)釉~原形來表示即可。Be careful! Dont swim in the lake.Please open the window.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)劃分，句型又可分為簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句和復(fù)合句（1） 簡(jiǎn)單句 句子如果只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)就是簡(jiǎn)單句，但是它也可包含定語等其他成分。Tom loves singing very much.The weather gets longer and longer.（2） 并列句 由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句并列而成，并用分號(hào)或并列連詞相連接。This book

40、 is Jims and that one is mine.Jane played the piano and Amy danced at the birthday party.（3） 復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)及以上從句構(gòu)成。從句也是一個(gè)完整的句子，充當(dāng)主句的某種成分，如 狀語從句，賓語從句，表語從句等等。We will go for a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow.I am reading when my mother comes in.Mary didnt go to school because she was ill.三. 六種基本句型 A

41、. S + V (主語 + 謂語) 此類句型中的動(dòng)詞謂語都是不及物動(dòng)詞，可以單獨(dú)表達(dá)完整的意思。 后面不接賓語，但是可以接副詞等狀語。 常見的不及物動(dòng)詞有：arrive, wait，come，go, laugh, rise, begin等等1. 我每天六點(diǎn)起床 2. 她舞跳得很好 3. 你走開 S V Time flies。 Class begins。 The sun rises. I am crying.B. S + V + P (主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語) 系動(dòng)詞不能完整地表達(dá)一個(gè)意思，必須在后面接上表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的詞才能表達(dá)完整的意思。1. 我又累又餓 2. 他覺得很開心 3. 這

42、魚聞起來真香 系動(dòng)詞包含 be 動(dòng)詞，smell， look，sound，taste，feel，keep等表狀態(tài)，以及 go, turn, get, become, grow等表變化。 S V P This is an English book. The dress looks beautiful.The weather becomes warm.Her face turns red. C. S + V + O ( 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 ) 謂語動(dòng)詞具有實(shí)際意義，表明主語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思。所以這類詞之后必須接賓語才能意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫及物動(dòng)詞。1.他找不到他的書 2.昨晚

43、我看了一本書 3.我想要果汁 S V O Who knows the answer? Mum made a cake.I understand English. Jane likes playing games. D. S + V + IO + DO (主語 + 謂語 + 間賓 + 直賓) 謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。一個(gè)賓語是謂語動(dòng)詞的直接承受著，一個(gè)是間接承受者。當(dāng)間接承受者謂語后面時(shí)，前面通常加上介詞。放前面是，介詞省略。 常用的帶雙賓的動(dòng)詞有：taketo, passto, showto, giveto, buyfor cookfor, makeforS V IO DO

44、S V DO IOHe showed me some pictures. = He showed some pictures to meMum bought me a dress. = Mum bought a dress for me.Jane sent Mary a postcard. = Jane sent a postcard to Mary 請(qǐng)遞給我米飯1. 2. 爸爸給了我一件禮物1. 2. 奶奶為我做了美味的晚餐 1. 2. 1. 太陽使我們溫暖 2. 我們保持教室干凈 3. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他今天很開心 ES + V + O + OC ( 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 +賓補(bǔ)) 動(dòng)詞雖然是及

45、物動(dòng)詞，但是接了賓語之后仍然不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須在后面增加一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行說明意思才能完整，這個(gè)成分叫賓語補(bǔ)足語。S V O OCThe party makes us excited. You should keep the room clean. Dad asked me not to go out. I see them swimming.FThere be 句型 也叫存在句。指“某個(gè)時(shí)間或某個(gè)地點(diǎn)有什么人或什么事”注意“就近原則”的使用，There is a cat in the tree./ There are some people in the park.我們教室里有兩

46、幅地圖 動(dòng)物園里人山人海。 明天有一個(gè)班會(huì)。 一、請(qǐng)判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型：1. He is running. 2. The loud noise made him angry. 3. The little boy is asking the teacher some questions.4. She is angry.5 .My father bought me a beautiful present.6. Why do you keep your eyes closed？7. Will you tell us an exciting story？ 8. We must keep our c

47、lassroom clean.9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.10. Can you open the window？四 如何為寫作做準(zhǔn)備 英語考試中的書面表達(dá)題，旨在考察學(xué)生的英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)水平和綜合運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行口頭表達(dá)的能力。為了能順利通過書面表達(dá)這一關(guān)，平時(shí)要做好以下幾點(diǎn)： 加強(qiáng)詞匯， 語法等語言基礎(chǔ)的積累。 詞匯是語言的基本單位，是組次成文的基礎(chǔ)。所以在平時(shí)要多學(xué)，多記，多用詞匯及搭配使用。句型是英語學(xué)習(xí)的重要組成部分，在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，要堅(jiān)持背誦和熟記常用句型和典型句子；要利用自己所學(xué)的句型進(jìn)行模仿造句，做到舉一反三；還要多進(jìn)

48、行句子的翻譯練習(xí)。 堅(jiān)持做組句成文練習(xí)。 組句成文練習(xí)是真正驚醒書面表達(dá)的前期訓(xùn)練。平時(shí)可以在老師的指導(dǎo)下，把一些無序的句子，根據(jù)情節(jié)，時(shí)間等重新組成短文，也可將課文問題答案串聯(lián)起來形成一篇短文。 堅(jiān)持寫英語日記。寫英語日記是提高書面表達(dá)能力的有效途徑之一。把每天想到的，看到的，學(xué)到的，經(jīng)歷過的事用所學(xué)英語記錄下來，寫后可做適當(dāng)修改。長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持，必定有益。 多做改寫，仿寫練習(xí) 模仿別人的文章寫作是根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況，對(duì)自己熟悉的課文和習(xí)作加以換詞換句的修改。必要時(shí)加以潤(rùn)色和發(fā)揮。建議一開始寫不好英文作文的同學(xué)從模仿別人的文章開始寫，循序漸進(jìn)。多背誦好的篇章，段落。 常言道“熟讀唐詩三百首，不會(huì)寫詩也會(huì)吟”。朗讀是接觸和吸收語言最好最主要的途徑。在閱讀中熟記好的表達(dá)方式，優(yōu)美的句子，常用的短語，追漸積累，就會(huì)大大豐富書面表達(dá)的材料。 五 選詞 1. 選詞的基本原則在初學(xué)英文寫作時(shí)，用詞上應(yīng)以準(zhǔn)確，符合語法，力求變化為原則。（1） 選擇易懂，常用的詞初學(xué)寫作應(yīng)盡量使用易懂，常用的詞匯。普通次直截了當(dāng)，容易理解。（2） 選用具體，確切的詞。從語義上看，詞可分為兩類：抽象籠統(tǒng)的