初中英語(yǔ)--名詞

1、 初中名詞初中名詞名詞是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱的詞。名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞：chair，book集體名詞：people，family不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞：rain，ice，sunshine抽象名詞：love，knowledge 考點(diǎn)一 名詞的分類 考 點(diǎn)二 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 2.不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化單復(fù)數(shù)同形（巧記：中國(guó)人、日本人喜歡綿羊、鹿和魚(yú)）Chinese; Japanese; sheep; fish; deer特殊變化man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth;mouse-mice; child-children 合成名詞以man

2、, woman開(kāi)頭的合成詞前后都變成復(fù)數(shù)man teacher-men teachers; woman doctor-women doctors以man, woman結(jié)尾的合成詞將man, woman變成復(fù)數(shù)Englishman-Englishmen; Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen一般合成詞只將主體名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)boy friend-boy friends ;girl student-girl students考點(diǎn)三、不可數(shù)名詞的用法考點(diǎn)三、不可數(shù)名詞的用法不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名

3、詞之間加上數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量量 詞詞+of+不不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞”。單復(fù)數(shù)表現(xiàn)在。單復(fù)數(shù)表現(xiàn)在of 前面的名詞上，而前面的名詞上，而 of 后后始終是單數(shù)始終是單數(shù)例如：例如：a glass of water, a piece of papera glass of water, a piece of paper，考點(diǎn)四、名詞所有格考點(diǎn)四、名詞所有格表示有生命事物的名詞所有格，一般用表示有生命事物的名詞所有格，一般用 “名詞名詞s”形形式式1. 單數(shù)名詞和不以單數(shù)名詞和不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般加結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般加s, 如：如：Lucys book; Teachers Da

4、y 2. 以以s結(jié)尾的名詞，不管是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，一律加結(jié)尾的名詞，不管是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，一律加, 如如:The teachers office; Dickens book; 注：注：若表示幾個(gè)人共有一樣?xùn)|西，只需在最后一個(gè)人的名字若表示幾個(gè)人共有一樣?xùn)|西，只需在最后一個(gè)人的名字后加后加s, 如：如：This is Tom and Bobs room.注：注：若表示各自所有，則需在各個(gè)名字后加若表示各自所有，則需在各個(gè)名字后加s，如：，如：These are Toms and Bobs rooms.3. 對(duì)無(wú)生命的所有格，通常用對(duì)無(wú)生命的所有格，通常用“of”構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)。如：構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)。如：

5、a map of China，a photo of my family4.有些表示長(zhǎng)度、距離、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等無(wú)生命的名詞的所有有些表示長(zhǎng)度、距離、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等無(wú)生命的名詞的所有格形式，也用格形式，也用s表示。如：表示。如：two hours walk, Beijings bridge,Dalians beaches5. 雙重所有格雙重所有格 : of+名詞所有格名詞所有格 或或 of + 名詞性的物主代詞名詞性的物主代詞 a friend of mine, an old photo of my fathers考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五 名詞的句法功能名詞的句法功能 句子成分句子成分 主主 謂謂 賓賓 定定 狀

6、狀 補(bǔ)補(bǔ) 表表 同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)名詞做主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)注意點(diǎn)名詞做主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)注意點(diǎn)主謂一致主謂一致1、當(dāng)、當(dāng)class, family, team, group, public 等集體名詞做主等集體名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果看成一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)；看成一個(gè)個(gè)具語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果看成一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)；看成一個(gè)個(gè)具體成員時(shí)體成員時(shí), 就用復(fù)數(shù)。就用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ film fans.2. news, maths, politics 表示單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。表示單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 e.g The news makes her ver

7、y happy.3. chopsticks, shoes, glasses, trousers, shorts, pants, stocks,等表示復(fù)數(shù)含義的詞，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但用等表示復(fù)數(shù)含義的詞，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但用pair(s) of短語(yǔ)時(shí)，要和短語(yǔ)時(shí)，要和pair保持一致。保持一致。e.g The shorts hers. This pair of shorts _ hers. The two pairs of shorts _ hers, too.4.表示時(shí)間、距離表示時(shí)間、距離 、金額、度量、書(shū)名、國(guó)名等的數(shù)名詞，、金額、度量、書(shū)名、國(guó)名等的數(shù)名詞，看作整體，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)看作整體，動(dòng)詞用單

8、數(shù) e.g Ten dollars _ too much to pay. Five minutes _ enough to do this.不同國(guó)籍人的單復(fù)數(shù)中日不變，英法變，其余s加后面Chinese Chinese Japanese- Japanese Englishman Englishmen Frenchman FrenchmenGerman- Germans American- AmericansCanadian Canadians Canadian- CanadianAustralian Australians Russian RussiansItalian Italians Gr

9、eek- Greeks練習(xí)：看看這節(jié)課的內(nèi)容你掌握的怎樣練習(xí)：看看這節(jié)課的內(nèi)容你掌握的怎樣?【例例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day. A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers B【例例2】 Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car,because there are already five people. A.land B.ground C.room D.floor C 【例例3】 These Germans want to have some_for s

10、upper,so they decide to catch_now. A.fish,many B.fishes,much C.fish,much D.fishes,many A【例例4】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please? A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs B 【例例5】 Some_are flying kites near the river. A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs C【例例6】 Brian is so kind that he often

11、gives me a when Im in trouble. A.replyB.seat C.handD.reasonC【例例7】 Shall we go shopping now? Sorry. Its not the right _. Im too tired.Away Bweather Cplace Dmoment 【例例8】 - Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now? - Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are_. A. friends B. neigh

12、bors C. classmates D. strangers 【例例9】 - I have great _ in learning math and Im so worried. Could you help me? - Sure. Id be glad to. A. trouble B. interest C. joy D. funDDA1. Lucy and Lily_in the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be2. Which is the _to the bus stop， please?A road B way C street D addr

13、ess3. Hurry up!There is_ time left.A little B a little C few D a few4. How many _can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato5. -_is the meat. Please?-Ten yuan a kilo.A How much B How many C How old 6 The boys name is James Allen Green. So his given name is_.A James Allen B

14、Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green7 Shanghai is one of the biggest_in our country.A city B citys C citys D cities8 Would you please pass me_A two paper B two papersC two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers9 September 10th is _Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers10 I only have_ bread

15、for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few11 What would you like, Ann? Id like two_.A glass of milk B glasses of milkC glass of milks D glasses of milks12 There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me?A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any13 June 1st is_A Childrens day B childrens DayC Childrens Day D childrens day14 These