模塊6語(yǔ)法課件

1、 M6 Unit 1 Laughter is good for your health Grammar and usages 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)： Overview infinitive ,verb-ing and verb-ed 學(xué)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)： How to use infinitive ,verb-ing and verbedRead the following passage and find out the verb-ing or verb-ed forms in the sentences. The job of a scientist is to find out the truth in t

2、he field of science. It is a challenging profession. Scientists usually have to do thousands of experiments in order to prove something. Although they are often disappointed if they fail, most of them never give up. My next door neighbor is a scientist. He studies radiation. He is always working分層次問(wèn)

3、題學(xué)習(xí)分層次問(wèn)題學(xué)習(xí)Ain his lab, trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him puzzled. When I met him the other day, he had just come back from work, and looked happy. He told me he had had a breakthrough. He sounded so thrilled. Then I noticed that he was wearing shoes that did not match. He must hav

4、e been working too hard to notice! I think its good to do a job that you show interest in. Otherwise, you will get bored easily. The dog _ (sleep) comfortably is taken good care of by the hen. I think the picture _.(interest)interestingsleepingWhen you come to the seaside of the Lianyungang, you wil

5、l find yourself _by the beautiful and splendid scenery of the sea. (attract)attracted 過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式(v+ed) 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞（否定式（否定式not +分詞）：分詞）：分層次問(wèn)題學(xué)習(xí)分層次問(wèn)題學(xué)習(xí)B三、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞三、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞 的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別1、作定語(yǔ)時(shí)、作定語(yǔ)時(shí):position單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般位于被修飾的詞單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般位于被修飾的詞之之前前，分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)位于被修飾的詞之位于被修飾的詞之后后Do you know th

6、e （哭著的）（哭著的）boy?Do you know the boy（在樹(shù)下哭的）（在樹(shù)下哭的） ?We are trying our best to catch up with the （發(fā)達(dá)的）（發(fā)達(dá)的）country.The students are discussing a book (由魯迅寫(xiě)的由魯迅寫(xiě)的).cryingcrying under the tree developedwritten by Lu Xun作定語(yǔ)時(shí)作定語(yǔ)時(shí):relationship1. The meeting is very important.2.Tell the children not to make

7、 so much noise.被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的比較現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的比較飄雪飄雪_ 落葉落葉_令人驚訝的消息令人驚訝的消息感到吃驚的表情感到吃驚的表情-總結(jié)總結(jié): v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ): _ _ v-ed過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ): _ _ falling snowfallen leavesthe surprising news表示表示“主動(dòng)，或正在進(jìn)行主動(dòng)，或正在進(jìn)行/令人感覺(jué)怎么樣令人感覺(jué)怎么樣”表示表示“被動(dòng)，或已完成被動(dòng)，或已完成/人自身感覺(jué)怎么樣人自身感覺(jué)怎么樣”the surprised lookPractice

8、 makes perfect!1. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.（10 全國(guó)全國(guó)） A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing2.(2011 江蘇）江蘇）Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. Acompared Bcomparing Cco

9、mpares Dbeing compared3. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. （09上海）上海） A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected2、作表語(yǔ)時(shí)（跟在系動(dòng)詞后）、作表語(yǔ)時(shí)（跟在系動(dòng)詞后）現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征特征或或?qū)傩詫傩?；過(guò)去過(guò)去分分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人令人的的”，過(guò)去分詞表示，過(guò)去分詞表

10、示“感到感到”.”.常見(jiàn)的分詞有：常見(jiàn)的分詞有：amazed / amazing; annoyed / annoying; interested / interesting; pleased / pleasing; surprised / surprising; satisfied / satisfying; amused / amusingLearn them by heart!Translation:1.有人認(rèn)為如果一本書(shū)是有趣的，它一定會(huì)使讀有人認(rèn)為如果一本書(shū)是有趣的，它一定會(huì)使讀者感興趣的。者感興趣的。2.2.先生們、女士們，請(qǐng)一直做到飛機(jī)已完全停下先生們、女士們，請(qǐng)一直做到飛機(jī)已完全

11、停下來(lái)止。來(lái)止。 It is believed that if a book is interesting, it will surely interest the reader.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.3、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí):relationship取決于取決于分詞分詞與與賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：的關(guān)系：主動(dòng)主動(dòng)關(guān)系，關(guān)系，被動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系，關(guān)系，例如例如1.I found them painting the windows. 2. I fou

12、nd the windows painted. 主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系（現(xiàn)在分詞表（現(xiàn)在分詞表（過(guò)去分詞表（過(guò)去分詞表 ）用用doing用用done主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行被動(dòng)、完成被動(dòng)、完成4、作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)、作狀語(yǔ)時(shí):relationship_from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball. (see)_nobody at home , he left. (see)被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系分詞的選取分詞的選?。喝Q于分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：取決于分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系：用：用 doing 被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系：用：用 don

13、eSeenSeeingAs the hare looks down upon the tortoise, he lies down and sleeps soundly.(look down upon)Rewrite the sentences using ing or-ed forms:_ the tortoise, the hare lies down and sleeps soundly. (look down upon)Looking down upon1. (10天津天津) When we approached the city centre, we saw a stone stat

14、ue of about 10 meters in height. Approaching the city, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.2. (04 北京北京) Because he was tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. Tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep.COME ON!Note 1:現(xiàn)在分詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式一般式與與完成式完成式：一般式一般式：doing /being doing表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作與謂

15、語(yǔ)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。完成式完成式：having done /having been done表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作有著先后順序表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作有著先后順序 。 _ such heavy loss, the businessman didnt have the courage to go on .(suffer)例如例如： _the news, her fans became wild with excitement. (hear)Hearing Having sufferedRemember: Practice makes perfect! 1.(08全國(guó)卷全

16、國(guó)卷I) The storm left , _a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused2._ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks .(09 廣東廣東)A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed Note 2:分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則：分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則：分詞作狀

17、語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保保持一致持一致。.有些分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其形式的選用不受上下文的影響，有些分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其形式的選用不受上下文的影響，稱(chēng)作獨(dú)立成分或插入語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有：稱(chēng)作獨(dú)立成分或插入語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有：generally / frankly/ strictly speaking 一般而言一般而言/坦坦率地說(shuō)率地說(shuō)/ 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)judging from /by 根據(jù)根據(jù)來(lái)判斷來(lái)判斷considering / taking into consideration考慮到考慮到；鑒于鑒于supposing / providing /prov

18、ided that 如果如果compared with/to 與與相比相比 例如例如_his accent ,he is from the south ._ your health, you d better have a rest. Note 3:獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)Judging from/byConsidering非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟四大步驟（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), ,辨別辨別“謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)”（如果是非謂語(yǔ)，判斷所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄈ绻欠侵^語(yǔ)，判斷所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?._many times , but he still couldnt und

19、erstand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was toldC_A注意連詞注意連詞3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.A.is B. to be C. beingD.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) 非

20、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。（二）找邏輯主語(yǔ)（二）找邏輯主語(yǔ)1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 一一般來(lái)說(shuō)：般來(lái)說(shuō)： 1. 1.作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)；作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)； 2.2.作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)；作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)； 3.3.作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被修飾詞。作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被修飾詞。 Everythingthey1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consi