研究生英語(yǔ)閱讀教程(基礎(chǔ)級(jí)3版)課文答案翻譯Word版

1、傳播優(yōu)秀Word版文檔 ，希望對(duì)您有幫助，可雙擊去除！ Lesson 1II. TranslationPut the following passages into Chinese. 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English.

2、 Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh. that their long-term future must be considered. very greatly at risk.因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)是個(gè)殺手。正是英語(yǔ)造成了凱爾特語(yǔ)、康沃爾語(yǔ)、諾恩語(yǔ)和馬恩語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)言的消亡。這些島上的

3、分地區(qū)依然還有很多社區(qū)的人使用在英語(yǔ)到來(lái)之前就已存在的語(yǔ)言。然 而，英語(yǔ)在日常生活中無(wú)處不在。所有的人或幾乎所有的人都懂英語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)對(duì)僅存的三種凱爾特語(yǔ)愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ)、蘇格蘭蓋爾語(yǔ)及威爾士語(yǔ)的威脅是如此之大，人們一定認(rèn)為它們遙遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)是岌岌可危的。2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and indiv

4、iduals within the predominantly white English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least toleratedand certainly have not opposedthe hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同時(shí)，他認(rèn)為這些政策和他稱之為語(yǔ)言歧視（與種族歧視、性別歧視等類似）

5、的 偏見(jiàn)密切相關(guān)。在菲利普森看來(lái)，在 以 白人 英語(yǔ)為主導(dǎo)的世界里，主要的機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人（有意或無(wú)意地）鼓勵(lì)或者至少是容忍了（肯定沒(méi)有反對(duì)）英語(yǔ)霸權(quán)主義式的傳播，這種傳播始于三個(gè)世紀(jì)之前的經(jīng)濟(jì)及殖民擴(kuò)張。 3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fair

6、ly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們現(xiàn)在或多或少地把這些語(yǔ)言看作有利的語(yǔ)言。在談到與之相關(guān)的文化及其為世界所做的貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，我們常懷有崇敬與贊賞，而且這樣做是很安全的，因?yàn)檫@些語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)在已不會(huì)構(gòu)成什么大的威脅。4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a larg

7、e communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus.然而，許多人把英語(yǔ)看成是一件幸事。在此，我暫且不談世界語(yǔ)言所具有的明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)，例如龐大的交流網(wǎng)絡(luò)、發(fā)達(dá)的文字與傳媒體系以及強(qiáng)大的文化教育設(shè)施。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime,

8、and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.講英語(yǔ)的南非英國(guó)后裔并不強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)種族隔離政權(quán)，而黑人反對(duì)力量，其成員講多種語(yǔ)言，在初期軟弱無(wú)力且缺乏組織。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the worlds lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possi

9、ble avoid invoking the curse.這一象征表明這種世界通用語(yǔ)的使用者應(yīng)充分發(fā)掘這一幸事為我們帶來(lái)的好處,同時(shí)盡能避免招來(lái)災(zāi)難。 Lesson 21.TheturnofeventsatApplehadnotchangedthatonebit.Ihadbeenrejected,butIwasstillinlove.蘋果公司發(fā)生的這些事情絲毫的沒(méi)有改變這一點(diǎn)。我被驅(qū)逐了,但是我仍然鐘愛(ài)我所做的事情。Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureaboute

10、verything.Itfreedmetoenteroneofthemostcreativeperiodsofmylife.因?yàn)?，作為一個(gè)成功者的負(fù)重感被作為一個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者的輕松感覺(jué)所重新代替,沒(méi)有比這更確定的事情了。這讓我覺(jué)得如此自由,進(jìn)入了我生命中最有創(chuàng)造力的一個(gè)階段。3.it was awful(可怕的 好可怕 糟糕的 ) tasting medicine,but i guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick . Dont lose faith.良藥的味道實(shí)在是太苦了,但是我想病

11、人需要它。有時(shí)候,人生會(huì)用磚頭打你的頭。不要失去信心。4.remembering that you are going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.you are already naked .there is no reason not to follow your heart.我知道，“ 記住你即將死去”是避免掉進(jìn)患得患失陷阱的最佳辦法。你已經(jīng)什么都沒(méi)有了,你根本沒(méi)有任何理由不去聽(tīng)從自己的心聲。5.your time is limited,so

12、dont waste it living someone elses life.dont the trapped by dogma-which is living with the results of other peoples thinking.dont let the noise of others opinions drown out your inner voice.你的時(shí)間有限,所以不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間去過(guò)別人的生活。不要被信條所惑盲從信條是活在別人的思考結(jié)果。不要讓別人的意見(jiàn)淹沒(méi)了你內(nèi)心的聲音。Lesson 61. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who coined

13、the term flow, which adherents of positive psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that distinction is a false one. Anything can be enjoyable if the elements of flow are present, he writes in his book Good Business. Within that framework, doing a seemingly boring job can be a so

14、urce of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible.1.米哈里齊克森米哈里認(rèn)為這種區(qū)分是錯(cuò)誤的。他杜撰了“心流”這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ),信奉積極心理學(xué)的人常用此它來(lái)描述由工作引發(fā)的興奮狀態(tài)。他在稱心如意的工作一書(shū)中寫(xiě)道:“只要存在心流的因素,任何一種工作都能給我們帶來(lái)愉悅。”在這一基準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi),一份表面看上去枯燥的工作也會(huì)成為人們擁有很大成就感的源泉，這是人們未曾想到的。2. But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent bust had much impact in either dir

15、ection, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy.但是20世紀(jì)90年代后期的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和隨之而來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條都沒(méi)有對(duì)員工的兩種工作態(tài)度產(chǎn)生多大影響,這表明工人在工作中是否能獲得快樂(lè)感有比經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)更深層的原因。3. Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a company where she liked her colleagues fo

16、r a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers and unappreciated by her boss. I am a misfit in that department, she says. No matter how good your personal life is, if you go in to a bad atmosphere at wo

17、rk, it takes away from it.41歲的馬丁娜 蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的經(jīng)理助理,雖然工作壓力大,但她很喜歡那些同事。6年前她換了工作,到一家律師事務(wù)所成了一名職位相對(duì)清閑的辦事員。如今時(shí)間多了,自由度也大了,但她感覺(jué)和這里的同事共事太壓抑,也得不到老板的賞識(shí)。她說(shuō):“我不適應(yīng)這個(gè)部門。不管你個(gè)人生活多愜意,如果工作單位氛圍不好,愜意的個(gè)人生活也會(huì)消失?！?. In fact, engagement at work is less a function of your personality than is happiness in general. Harter estim

18、ates that individual disposition accounts for only about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and those who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have every day with co-workers, supervisors and customers.事實(shí)上,對(duì)工作的投入與其說(shuō)是人的個(gè)性使然,不如說(shuō)是源于

19、人們?cè)诠ぷ髦锌傮w上感到的快樂(lè)。哈特認(rèn)為,對(duì)工作高度投入與并不投入的員工之間之所以存在差異,員工的個(gè)性只起30% 的作用,其他的取決于員工每天與同事、主管以及客戶的頻繁交往。5. Until recently, businesspeople would dismiss employee well-being as outside their domain and kind of fringe-ish”, says Thomas Wright, a professor of organizational behavior at the University of Nevada, Reno.內(nèi)華達(dá)大

20、學(xué)里諾分校的組織行為學(xué)教授托馬斯 賴特說(shuō),直到不久前,企業(yè)家們還不愿考慮員工是否工作心情舒暢的問(wèn)題,認(rèn)為這“不屬于他們關(guān)心的范圍,和他們的職責(zé)范圍相去甚遠(yuǎn)”。6. But later studies that looked at job-satisfaction ratings were inconsistent. Broader measures of happiness, it turns out, are better predictors of productivity.但后來(lái)對(duì)工作滿意度評(píng)估的研究卻前后矛盾。結(jié)果證明使用更寬泛的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量幸福感則更能有效地預(yù)測(cè)生產(chǎn)率。 7. But

21、at the very least, businesses could do better just by paying attention to what their employees want and need. Then more of us could find a measure of fulfillment in what we do. And once in a while, we might hope to transcend it all. It can happen on the basketball court, in front of a roaring crowd,

22、 or in a classroom, in front of just one grateful student.但通過(guò)關(guān)心員工的需求,至少企業(yè)可能發(fā)展得更好。那樣,更多的人就會(huì)在所做的工作中獲得很大的滿足，而且偶爾我們可能還希望獲得最大程度的滿足。這種 情況可能發(fā)生在籃球場(chǎng)上喧鬧歡呼的人群前,也可能發(fā)生在教室里一個(gè)只是充滿感激的學(xué)生面前。Lesson7IV. TranslationPut the following into Chinese.Bigsurprise,Ithought,tossingtheballed-upclippingovermyshoulder.Thatsupthere

23、withmoneyeasesstress,liarsmakegoodwritersandphilanderersmakeevenbetterliars.我認(rèn)為這個(gè)結(jié)論太讓人吃驚了，然后就把報(bào)告團(tuán)成一團(tuán)扔在腦后了。以前還有人說(shuō)：”金錢可以緩解緊張情緒“，”說(shuō)謊的人能成為好作家“以及”愛(ài)情不專一的男人更會(huì)說(shuō)謊。“Lastyear,shesadlygotherwish,fartoosoon,livingjustoverhalfaslongasthewomanwhoboreher.可是這一天來(lái)得太快了。去年她就不幸實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的愿望。她去世時(shí)的歲數(shù)只有外婆的一半多一點(diǎn)兒。 Hismaincharacte

24、r,EnidLambert,suffersfromadepressionthatactsasakindofinvisibleforcefield,unconsciouslyrepellingeveryoneawayfromherfragilecore.Enidcomplainsandsulks,manipulatesandcajoles,inordertoassuageherfundamentaldissatisfaction.他小說(shuō)中的主人公艾妮德 蘭伯特所患的抑郁癥形成了一個(gè)看不見(jiàn)的氣場(chǎng)，潛意識(shí)中她不準(zhǔn)任何人接觸那顆脆弱的心靈。艾妮德抱怨、生氣、利用別人，并以甜言蜜語(yǔ)來(lái)哄騙別人，為的就是緩

25、解自己的不滿Sheremainsintactbecauseherdepressionprotectsherfromevertrulysuffering,thewaythosearoundhermust.Whatdoesntkillyou,itseems,movesontomorestubbornquarry.她能完好無(wú)損地活下來(lái)，就是因?yàn)樗囊钟舭Y保護(hù)了她不至經(jīng)受真正的痛苦，而這種痛苦則是她周圍的人所必須承受的。看來(lái)?yè)舨豢迥愕臇|西會(huì)成為更棘手的獵物。看來(lái)，經(jīng)常的頑固的打擊是不會(huì)打垮你的。 So,hitthesnooze,thebottleortheskids.Resumebitching,ch

26、indown,carrythehatchet,underrugnothing.Lifeishardandthenyou.sigh.Heavily.你可以睡覺(jué)，可以酗酒，可以不求進(jìn)取。你還可以接著抱怨，可以心情不爽，也可以拿起你的武器來(lái)反擊，不用躲躲藏藏。生活是艱難的，那么你可以嘆息，重重地嘆息。Lesson 8IV. TranslationPut the following into Chinese.1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War

27、 that encouraged protest against it.每場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)都有自己的歌曲來(lái)喚起人們的愛(ài)國(guó)熱情或者鼓勵(lì)人們反戰(zhàn)如越戰(zhàn)。2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new

28、ideas being communicated. And it often works.改詞是把一首人們喜愛(ài)或者對(duì)他們具有特殊意義或感情色彩的歌曲填上新詞，希望把這種喜愛(ài)或感情色彩帶到正在傳播的新觀念中。通常這種方法很奏效.3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by

29、the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices.結(jié)果一些社團(tuán)和全國(guó)性團(tuán)體向電臺(tái)或電視臺(tái)施加壓力讓他們禁播這些演員的節(jié)目。這些指控也促使負(fù)責(zé)廣播業(yè)的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)邦通訊委員會(huì)開(kāi)始進(jìn)行調(diào)查。 4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports prog

30、ram? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas?這是否意味著在廣播電臺(tái)或電視臺(tái)播放的歌曲中,不允許出現(xiàn)那些在新聞或體育節(jié)目中禁止出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言和觀念？或者這是否意味著電臺(tái)或電視臺(tái)應(yīng)該承認(rèn)不同的交流或娛樂(lè)形式

31、，或是為不同聽(tīng)眾設(shè)計(jì)的節(jié)目，在語(yǔ)言和觀念上應(yīng)該具有不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？ 5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a rite of passage function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy

32、-girl relationships can be established.一位作者指出流行音樂(lè)也成了女孩子們成熟的標(biāo)志。在同齡男孩子成長(zhǎng)為像女孩子那樣 成熟并能較容易地與女孩子建立朋友關(guān)系之前，少年歌星可能會(huì)成為不會(huì)對(duì)女孩子形成威脅的男友的替身。 Lesson 12IV. TranslationPut the following into Chinese.1.A fulfilling marriage begins when two people make time together their No.1 priority. If we hope to find love, we must

33、 first find time for loving.當(dāng)兩個(gè)人把抽時(shí)間相聚當(dāng)成第一要事的時(shí)候，一個(gè)美滿的婚姻就開(kāi)始了。如果我們希望找到愛(ài)，首先我們必須找到時(shí)間去愛(ài)。2.Unfortunately, current psychology rests on the model of the independent ego. To make a lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredness. We must go beyond what psychologist Abraham Maslow called self-actualization to us-actualization. We have to learn to put time where love is.令人遺憾的是，當(dāng)代心理學(xué)都依靠獨(dú)立的自我模式。要使婚姻持久，我們就必須克自我為中心。我們必須超越亞伯拉罕.馬斯洛聲稱的“自我實(shí)現(xiàn)”，做到“共同實(shí)現(xiàn)”。我們要學(xué)會(huì)把時(shí)間放在愛(ài)上。 3.How we