美國(guó)海軍及美國(guó)海軍后備隊(duì)-任務(wù)及組織結(jié)構(gòu)

1、2美國(guó)海軍與美國(guó)海軍后備隊(duì)任務(wù)與組織結(jié)構(gòu)Mission & Organization of the USN and USNRLearning Objectives The student will know . . . (1) the operational and administrative chains of command within the DON. (2) the missions of the DON (3) The 5 fundamental roles the Navy fulfills in support of the National Security Strateg

2、yLearning Objectives The student will know . . . (4) the primary and secondary Mission of the Naval Reserve (5) the role of the active forces in the training of the Naval Reserve (6) the importance of channeling personnel serving with or under their leadership into the Naval Reserve should they deci

3、de to leave active service.The United States Navy What is our mission? What are our guiding principles? (What are we about?)Forward . . . From the Sea (1994) Our “Corporate Mission Statement” Naval forces must be sufficient for forward-presence operations in peacetime credible enough to act as a sig

4、nificant deterrent be able to fight from the sea in time of war. Combines efforts of the Navy & USMCThe Department of the Navy Guided by Forward . . . From the Sea, the mission of the DON is to organize, train, equip, prepare, and maintain readiness of the US Navy & Marine Corps. Support Navy and Ma

5、rine forces when assigned to unified commands.DON Composition Navy Department SECNAV CNO, CMC, (Commandant of USCG) Operating Forces Ships, Aircraft, Submarines Marines Direct-support bases Shore establishments not directly involved in supporting the fleet (NROTC, recruiting)Secretary of the Navy Ci

6、vilian head of the Navy (appointed by President) Under Secretary chief assistant Assistant Secretaries head offices of Legislative affairs program appraisal research & development manpower etc.Chief of Naval Operations Senior military officer in the Navy Member of the JCS Principle advisor to SECNAV

7、 and President In command of all administrative & training commandsCNO Who is it? AdmiralAdmiral Mike MullenThe roles of the U.S. NavyFive roles of the US Navy Projection of power from sea to land Sea control and maritime supremacy Strategic Deterrence Strategic Sealift Forward Naval PresenceProject

8、ion of power from sea to landObjectives Deliver and support troops ashore Secure land from the enemy Destroy offensive capability of opponent Harassment/IntimidationProjection of power from sea to land Tactics Amphibious assault Naval bombardment Tactical air projection SSBN deterrent patrolProjecti

9、on of power from sea to land Forces used in power projection Marines Carrier air wings Naval bombardment (used to with BBs) Cruise missiles (Tomahawk)Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy Objectives Maintain use of the sea while denying its use to the enemy. Control SLOCs Ensure industrial supply lines

10、 remain open Reinforce/resupply military forces overseas Provide wartime economic/military supplies to allies Provide safety for naval forces projecting power ashoreSea Control and Maritime Supremacy Tactics Sortie control “Intercept” the enemy in port through blockade Choke point control Use geogra

11、phic choke points to hinder enemy Open-area operations seek out and neutralize enemy on the open ocean Local engagementSea Control and Maritime Supremacy Forces used in sea control Carrier air wings Surface combatants Attack subs MinesStrategic Deterrence Objectives Deter all-out attack on US or all

12、ies To pose the threat of unacceptable losses to a potential aggressor To maintain a stable international political environmentStrategic Deterrence Background Navy is responsible for one part of the nuclear triad US Strategic Command with B-1s, B-2s Land-based missiles (MX, Minuteman, Midgetman) Sea

13、going nuclear-powered, fleet-ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) With the end of the Cold War, SSBNs are the primary mode of deterrence today.Strategic Deterrence Tactics Assured second strike Trident missile - 4,000+ mile range. 24 per sub Submarine is a survivable and credible deterrent Controlle

14、d response Attack plans can be changed in case of partial attack. CVN, Tomahawk strike capability Deter Third-World powers Maintain balance of powerStrategic Sealift Objective To deliver U.S. (and allied) forces and sustaining supplies to any part of the world whenever neededStrategic Sealift Tactic

15、s Prepositioning Allows U.S. to place fuel, ammunition, etc. near crisis areas for delivery Surge Initial deployment of U.S.-based equipment and supplies in support of a contingency Sustainment Transport of re-supply cargo to stay abreast of force consumption rates and build up reservesForward Naval

16、 Presence Objectives To deter actions not in the interests of the United States or its allies To encourage actions that are in the interests of the United States or its alliesForward Naval Presence Tactics Preventative deployments Provides forward presence Routine ops (Med, Westpac) Reactive deploym

17、ents Response to crisis Iran, Beirut, KuwaitForward Naval Presence Forces used Carrier Battlegroups One CVN Two CG Two DD/DDG Two SSN One FFG* One Supply ship (AOE)Aircraft Carrier CV(N) 11 Active 9 Nimitz class 1ea: Enterprise class, Kitty Hawk class Armament 2-3 Seasparrow 3-4 20mm Phalanx 85 Airc

18、raftGuided Missile Cruiser CG 22 active Ticonderoga Class Armament Tomohawk Cruise Missiles Standard Missiles (MK) 6 MK46 Torpedoes 2 MK45 5”/54 cal Guns 2 Phalanx 2 SH-60Guided Missile Destroyers DDG Lots still active Arleigh Burke Class Armament SM Harpoon VLA Tomahawk 6 Mk46 Torpedoes 2 SH-60Atta

19、ck Submarine SSN 54 Virginia Class 1 Seawolf Class 3 Los Angeles Class 50 Armament Tomahawk VLS Mk48 TorpedoesFrigate FFG 30 Oliver Hazard Perry Class Armament SM (MR) Harpoon 6 Mk46 1 76mm / 62 cal MK75 1 Phalanx CIWS 2 SH-60Combined Ammunition, Oiler, Supply ship USNS Supply Class 4 T-AOE (MSC, Fa

20、st Combat Support Ship) Armament 2 CH-46E or MH-60SThe U.S. Naval ReserveMission of the US Naval Reserve Primary: To provide trained units and qualified individuals for active duty in time of war or national emergency and at other times required by national security Secondary: Assist active force in

21、 accomplishing its peacetime mission as a by-product of training for mobilizationTotal Force Concept Includes all the resources available to perform national defense missions. Budgetary constraints do not allow for an active force capable of handling all contingencies. Reserve training MUST be meani

22、ngful and mobilization enhancing.Todays Naval Reserve Made up of 361,908 Officer and Enlisted 73,341 paid Selective Reservists 80,541 Individual Ready Reservists 20% of Naval Forces!Naval Reserve Categories Ready Reserve Consists of: Selected Reserve “One weekend per month, 2 weeks in the summer.” I

23、ndividual Ready Reserve Not required to train Can be called up for active duty for up to 90 daysNaval Reserve Categories Training and Administration of Reserves (TAR) Reservists serving in a full-time active duty status in support of Naval Reserve unitsNaval Reserve Categories Standby Reserve 2 categories Active Standby Reserve Inactive Standby Reserve Retired ReserveNaval Reserve Units Commissioned Units Composed of ships, squadrons, construction battalions Complete units delivered to an operating force Reinforcing Units Augment regular Navy commissioned units Sustaining