非謂語動詞用法總結(jié)

1、非謂語動詞用法總結(jié)非謂語動詞是歷年高考英語的重要考點之一，同時也是較難掌握的難點之一。它貫穿于英語學習和考試過程的始終。 但是，只要認真分析、透徹 理解、看透本質(zhì)、準確把握， 就一定能在高考中運籌帷幄，游刃有余。非謂語動詞區(qū)別簡表類別區(qū)別to dodoingdone含義主動被動同位或?qū)碇鲃踊蛘谶M行被動或完成成分名詞主 語、賓語、表 語不定式動名詞主語、賓語、表語、 定語表用途現(xiàn)在分詞定過去分詞 作定語、狀 語、補語、表 語多表定語、狀語、補語語、狀語、補語狀態(tài)否認(not ) to(not)doing(not)donedo時態(tài)一般：to do一般： doing一般： done進行：to b

2、e進仃：本身進行：無doing兀成： having兀成：本身兀成：todonehave done只作狀語語態(tài)一般被動：一般被本身to be done動:being done進行被動：進仃被動：to bebeing donebeing done兀成被動：兀成被動：havingto havebeen donebeen done作用作目的狀作時間狀語、條作時間狀語、條件狀件狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀方式狀語、伴隨語、方式狀語狀語、讓步狀語語、伴隨狀語、讓步狀語二不定式的用法不定式不可作謂語，但它可以有自己的賓語、狀語,構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可以作主語、賓語、表

3、語、定語表用途、狀語或補足語。高 考對不定式的考查主要 有不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、作用、否認、省略、連詞+不定式等。作主語不定式作主語表示具體的動作，通常指一 件 的事或目的。不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。eg:To say is a thin g,to do is ano ther. 說是一回事，做是另外一回事。2 不定式短語較長時，通常放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語。eg: It is important to learn English well. 學好英語是重要 的。 It is necessary for us to do the job well. 我們做好這項工作是必要的。 It

4、is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here. 被邀請在這兒發(fā)表演講是一個 極大的榮2. 作賓語1常只用不定式作賓語的動詞有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend, decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend 等。eg: He refused to help me. 他拒絕幫助 我. She has agreed to come tomorrow. 他已同意明天來 .2不定式

5、較長時，作賓語，也可用 it 代替，放在后面 eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) “特殊疑問詞+不定式to do結(jié)構(gòu)具有名 詞特 征，可作賓語。eg: She didn t know whether to go or not.They haven t decided when and where to build the school.( 4)不定式可作介 but,except,besides (除? ? 之外) 的賓語，介詞前有實義動詞 do 的任何一種形式，后邊的 不定式就無 to, 否那么必帶 to 。eg: I want to d

6、o nothing but play the computer games 。 I have no choice but to wait。3. 動詞不定式作表語( 1)不定式作表語放在 be 和其他系動詞后，說 明主語的 內(nèi)容。同樣， “特殊疑問詞不定式具有名詞特征，也可作表語。eg: My job is to sweep the floor. His goal was to enter the key universityof Beijing. The first question is how to find a better way to learnEnglish well.(2) 不定

7、式作主語時，表語也必須為不定式，結(jié) 構(gòu)必須保 持一致。eg:To see is to believe.(3) 如果主語局部的謂語動詞或非謂語動詞是實 義動詞 do 的某種形式，那么作表語的不定式可 以省去 to. eg: The first thing to do is find her. The only thing he could do was tell the truth.4. 不定式作定語 不定式作定語常放在所修飾的名詞或代 詞后。eg: I have something important to tellyou.不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系 His wish to an arti

8、st has never come true. 不定式與 被修飾名詞構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系。hadHe is the right man to do the job. 定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu) 成主動關(guān)系。 The little girl was unhappy because she no friends to play with. 不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。注：假設不定式為不及物動詞，其后須加上相應的介詞。5. 不定式作狀語 不定式作狀語主要是表示目的、條件、 原因和結(jié)果，可位于句首或句末，但句首時通常用逗號隔 開。eg: We set off early that morning to catch

9、 the first bus.目的 To get a good result,she worked very hard. 目的 I feel it an honor to be invited to the party. 條件 She was very happy to get the firstprize. 原因 He worked hard only to fail. 結(jié)果注： 1. 不定式常用在 so as 或 in order 后 , 與它們一起作謂語，表 示目的，但 so as 引起的不定式不可置于句首。eg:In order to avoid mistakes,check your

10、 homework.2. 不定式表目的常和 only 連用，往往表示出乎 意料的意 想不到的不愿得到的結(jié)果。eg:He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.3“形容詞 enough 不定式和“ too 形容詞或 副詞不表情感不定式 也可作結(jié)果 狀語。 eg: He is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to raise the stone. 但“ too 表情感形容詞( pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious等)to do 表示肯定意義，

11、 too 前面可用 only,but 等詞修飾。 eg: They were (only) too anxious leave.( 他們to只是太急于離開了。 ) She is (only) too pleased to home.( 她非 go ?？鞓房梢曰丶伊恕?)6. 不定式作補語 不定式作補語表示動作的完 成。賓語與作補語的 不定式之間是主動關(guān)系。( 1 )后接動詞不定式作賓補的常見動詞有： want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg ,request Sheon,require,beg,get,advise,persuade, invite,o

12、rder,remind,permit,allow,send,cal lon,wouldlike/love,arrange for,depend eg: wanted me to arrive there early. Our headmaster call on us to work hard.2動詞不定式可作感官動詞五看二聽一感覺即：see,look at,watch,observe,notice ， hear,listen to，feel 和使讓動詞 let,make,have 等后面的賓補時，不定式符 號 to 要省 略，但如果句子變被動結(jié)構(gòu)，必須帶 to. 表示動作的完成。 eg: H

13、e made them climb the hill. They were made to climb the hill.3動詞不定式可作形容詞的補足語 動詞不定式可作 形容詞的補足語，句型為：一主語系動詞表語 adj 為 convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/ impossible/pleasent 等+ to do.注：to do常用主動表被動，其中 do為vt,主語為 to do 的賓語。賓語 adj to do. 注：其中 to do 常用主動 表被動， 其中do為vt,主語為to do的賓語。eg :He is easy to fo ol

14、Thewomanis hardto work with . He findthejobdifficult to do4“特殊疑問詞+不定式 to do 具有名詞特 征，可 作賓補。 謂語動詞多為 show,know,teach,tell 等。 eg:I ll tell you how to get there7 不定式作評注性狀語或插入語 不定式可以作評注性狀語 或插入語, 放在句子前面、中間或末尾。 常見的有 to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin with， tostart with,to be short等。eg:To be

15、gin with,I thinkyou are wrong.三動名詞用法 動名詞具有動詞和名詞的特點，有一般式和完成 式，有主 動式和被動式，可作主語、賓語、表語 和定語 . 否認形式 在其前面加 not. 1動名詞作主語動名詞作主語表示抽象動作，指一件 的事或經(jīng)驗。eg: Driving a car on the crowded road is boring. Reading is my hobby.2常只用動名詞作賓語的動詞有： admit,avoid,appreciate,consider 考慮 dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagin e,ke

16、ep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,sug gest 等。 eg: I can t imagine marrying her. She managed to escape being punished. 以下動詞詞 組后面只接動名詞作賓語： give up,belong to,look forward to,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,havedifficulty/trouble(in),have agood/wonderful time (in) 等。 eg: I ml ooking

17、forward to hearing from you soon. He gave up smoking three years.(3) 動名詞可作表語動名詞可作表語，一般為主語的內(nèi)容 . 表示一般性或習慣性的動作。在概念上可以和主語劃等 號 把主語和表語倒過來，句子的根本含義不變。 eg:His hobby is painting.四現(xiàn)在分(4) 動名詞可作定語 動名詞可作定語，表示所修飾事物的 功能或用途。eg:He often studies in the reading room.詞 現(xiàn)在分詞具有動詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句 中 作定語、狀語、補語和表語1 作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，單個

18、 v.-ing 放在被修飾的名詞 前；如果短語作定語，那么放在所修飾詞的后面。 動詞 -ing作定語和被修飾詞之間為主動關(guān)系， 表示動作正在同時 進行或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生。eg: the falling leaves= the leaves whichare falling the rising sun = the sun which is rising I saw him go into the house facing south.2 作狀語動詞 -ing 或其短語作狀語時， 可以表示時間、 條件、 原因、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨等。表示時 間關(guān)系的動詞 -ing 短語可由連詞 while 或 wh

19、en 引出。eg: Hearing the news,they got excited. ( 時 間)playing on the playground. 原因 Studying hard,you are sure to get the first prize. 條件3 作補語現(xiàn)在分詞作補語表示動作正在進行，賓語與作補 語的現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關(guān)系。 后面常接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞有感官動詞 五看二聽一 感覺 see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel 使讓動詞 have,get 以及其他類動 詞 leave,keep,catch,se

20、t 等。表示動作正在進 行。eg: I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday. Don t leave him waiting outside the room.4作表語 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相當于形容詞， 常表示主語所具 有的特征，含有主動意味。大多數(shù)使動詞的現(xiàn)在 分詞通常 可作表語，常見的有：interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasinX I X 【、g,exciting,moving,disappointing,surpring, encouraging 等。 eg: His story wa

21、s very moving. The speech is really boring.5作評注性狀語或插入語可以作評注性狀語或插入語，放在句子前面、中 間或末尾。五過去分詞 過去分詞既有副詞的特征又有動 詞的特征，在句 中可作定語、狀語、補語、表語等成分。(1) 作定語過去分詞作定語，它和被修飾詞之間是被動、 完成關(guān)系，單個過去分詞作定語放在前，過去分詞 短語 作定語放在后。其中及物動詞的過去分詞表 示完成或被動 概念，不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成概念，沒有被動的意味。eg: the rise n sun = the sun which has rise n falle n leaves =

22、 leaves which has falle n This is the house built several yearsago. = This is the house which was built sveral years ago.(2) 作狀語過去分詞在句中作狀語，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或 情況。它和被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系。它在句中可以作時間、條件、原因、方式、讓步和伴隨狀 語。 eg: Tired out,they stopped to have arest. 原因 Taken around the city,we were impressed by the city s new l

23、ook. Though warned of the danger ,he stillwent skating on the thin ice.(3) 作補語及物動詞的過去分詞作補語，和賓語之間構(gòu)成 被動關(guān)系。不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補表狀態(tài)和 完成。(1) 可以帶過去分詞作賓補的動詞有感官動詞 ( 五看二聽 一感覺 ，使役動詞 have,get,make 等，以及其他類動 keep,leave,like,want,wish 等。eg: I can t get the car going. I had my leg broken last week.4分詞作表語表示被動意義，主語常是人，一 般用

24、來表示感 受和狀態(tài)，可以用作表語的常見的 過去分詞有： astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited ,experienced,exha usted,frightened,interes ted,puzzled,qualitied,satisfied,upset等, 有些過去分詞作表語實際上已經(jīng)構(gòu)成固定短語。 如： be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered with,be dressed in,be seated,be locked 等。能用這些分詞作表語的 系動詞有 be,get,remain,stay

25、等。 eg: The door remained locked. We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech. 六非謂語動詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu) 非 謂語動詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)為“名詞或代詞非謂語 動詞 或 “ with 名詞 / 代詞非謂語動詞 。在語法上是一個 獨立的短語，不是句子即：非 謂語動詞的邏輯主語與主 句主語不一致，須保存 之后所構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu) ?？煞旁诰?首或句尾。一名詞或代詞非謂語動詞1名詞 / 代詞不定式名詞或代詞通常為動作的執(zhí)行者，與不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，可位于句首或句末eg:He will send me $ 100 firs

26、t,the rest to follow in a year.2名詞/ 代詞現(xiàn)在分詞 名詞或代詞通常為現(xiàn)在分詞 所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者，與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān) 系。eg :Time permiti ng,we fin ish the work. 表條件 Spring coming on,the trees turns green. 表時間3名詞 / 代詞過去分詞 名詞或代詞通常為過去分詞 所表示的動作的承受者。與過去分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān) 系或系表關(guān)系。eg: The sigal given,the bus started. Their strength exhausted,they sa

27、nk downone by one. 表原因二with 名詞 / 代詞非謂語動詞1 with 名詞 / 代詞不定式不定式和賓語之間是被動關(guān)系，表示動作尚未發(fā) 生。eg:With nothing to do,they went out for awalk. 表原因 2with 名詞 / 代詞現(xiàn)在分詞 賓語和動詞 -ing 之間 是主動關(guān)系， 表示的動作和 謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生。 eg:The boy slept with the light burning. 表 伴隨 3 with 名詞 / 代詞過去分詞 不定式和賓語之間是 被動關(guān)系，表示動作已經(jīng)完 成。eg:They stayed insi

28、de with the door locked. 表伴隨 七非謂語動詞的區(qū)別問題 一動 詞后接 to do 不定式還是動名詞 1只能接 to do 不定 式的動詞有： want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend, decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend 等。 2常只用動 名詞作賓語的動詞有： admit,avoid,appreciate,consider 考 慮 dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,ima

29、gin e,keep,mind,miss 錯 過 ,practise,risk,resist,suggest 等。 3動詞后二者都 打算意欲，企圖做某 可跟，意義不同的有：forget to do sthforget doing sth regret to do sth regret doing sth go on to do sth go on doing sth stop to do sth stop doing sth try to do sth try doing sth mean to do sth忘記要做某事忘記做過某事懊悔要做某事懊悔做過某事接著做另外一件事接著做同一件事停下來開

30、始做某 事停止做某事盡力做某事試著做某事mean doing sth意味著做某事sthcant help to do sth 不能幫助做某事 can t help doing情不自禁地做某事(4) 動詞后二者都可跟，意義相同的有:begin,start,like,love,prefer,hate等。但是區(qū)別在于：后接動名詞時表示經(jīng)常性的動作，后接不定式時表示的是具體的特定的動作。eg:I like playing football,but I don t like play now. 重點提示：在以下情況下 begin 和 start 后只接不定式：I .主語是物不是人。eg:Spri ng

31、came on and the snow bega n to melt. n .二者用 于進行時 eg:It s begin to rain.皿.二者后接表示心理活動或狀態(tài)的動詞。eg:I began torealize how stupid I was.IV .二者后接不定式的被動式。eg:The new type of computer began to be developed in the1980 s.(二) “感官動詞賓語賓補(to do sth/doing sth )的區(qū)別感官動詞賓語賓補 ( to do sth )表示事實或全過程 感官動詞賓語賓補 ( doing sth )表示

32、片段或進行 eg:The missing boys were last seen playingnear the river.Did you see a pencil-box lying on the ground just now.三個別“使讓動詞賓語賓補的特別詞的 用法1 have +賓語+賓補have 賓語 do “讓? 做某事 ，不定式作賓補可 以指現(xiàn)在、將來或可能發(fā)生的動作。eg: They had me repeat the message. I won t have you say such things. I won t have you blame it on me. hav

33、e賓語doing “讓? 一直做某事 ，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補可以表示主 語有意讓別人去做或無 意引起某人可能去做或表示遭遇。 eg: Tom tried to have her talking .But no use.I won t have you speaking to your parents like that.注：have 賓語 doing 用于否認句， have 有容忍之意。 Why should we have the boy standing in the corner thewhole morning.have 賓語 done “讓? 被做過去分詞作賓 補可表示 主語有意識的行為或

34、表示“遭遇 、“經(jīng) 歷動作違 背主語的意愿 eg:We ought to have her examined by a doctor.The old woman had her handbag stolen.2) get 賓語賓補賓語+ to do = have +賓語+ do “讓？ 做某事 有時那么是“說服或勸說某人做某事eg:l will get thepublisher to illustrate 力口 上插圖 the book.get +賓語+ doi ng “使？靜的物體動起來，具有 進行含義。eg:I shall soon get the machine working.3get

35、 +賓語+ done “讓？被做用法與have+賓語+ done根本相同。eg:He got his wrist broke n.習題練習：1. 2021 全國 I Now that we ve discussed our problem,are pople happy with the decisionsA. takingB. takeC. takenD.to take2. 2021 全國 I The children all turned the famous actress as she entered theclassroom.A.looked atB.to look atC.to l

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39、rt in a hurry.A.RemindingB. RemindedC.To remindD.Having reminded12. 2021 福建In April,2021,President Hu inspectd the warships in Qingdao,the 60th anniversary of the founding of thePLA Navy.A.marking B.markedC. having marked D.being marked13. 2021 安徽 The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local

40、 culture.A.producedB.being produed14. 2021 天津 by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouraged B.Encouraging C.EncouragedD. Having encouraged15. 2021 天津 the project in time,the staff were working at weekends.A.Completing B.Having completed C.To have

41、 completed D.To complete16. 2021 遼寧 When we visited my old family home,memory came back.A.flooding B.to floodC.flood D.flooded17. 2021 遼寧 ,you need to give all you have and try yourbest.A.Being a winner B.To be a winnerC.Be a winner D.Having been a winnerexpected to hire 50,000 college graduates thi

42、s year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures.A.helpB.to have helpedC.to helpD.having helped19. ( 2021 浙江 ) There is a great deal of evidence thatmusic activities engage different parts of the brains.A.indicateB.indicatingC.to indicateD.to

43、 be indicating20. ( 2021 浙江 ) ， the pay isn tattractive enough,though the job itself is quite interesting. A.Generally speaking B.On the contrary C.In particularD.Tobe honest21. ( 2021 四川 )He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion.A.to have B. havingC. have D.had22. 2021 四川 Ladies and g

44、entlemen,please remain before the plane has come to a complete stop.A.seatedB.seatingC.to seatD.seat23. 2021 四川 many times,he finally understood.A.Told B.TellingC.Having told D.Having been told24. 2021 江西 the right kind of training,these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international st

45、ars. A.GivingB.Having givenC.To giveD.Given25. 2021 江西 The government plans to bring in new laws parents to take moreresponsibility for the education of theirchildre n.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced26. 2021 全國 I I like getting up very earlyin summer.The morning air is so goodA. t

46、o be breathedB.to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed27 2021 江一 They are quiet,aren t they? 蘇Yes. They are accustomed at meals.A.to talkB.to not talkC.to talkingD. to not talking28. 2021 江 蘇To learn English well,we should findopportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A. speakB. speakingC. spok

47、enD.to speak29. 2021 湖南 the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.30. 2021 遼寧 Please remain ;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A.seatingB.seatedC.to seatD.tobe seated31. 2021 山東 Lucy s new job paid twice as much as she had made in the restaurant. A.workingB. workC. t

48、o work D.worked32. 2021 上海 Something as simple as some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.A.to drink B.drinkingC.to be drinking D.drunk33. 2021 上海 Ideally for Broadway the theatres and Fifth Avenue,the New York Parkhotel is a favorite with many guests.A.locating B.being locatedC.hav

49、ing been located D.located34. 2021 浙江 that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest.A.Not realized B.Not to realizeC.Not realizing D.Not to have realize2021around35.the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Bird s Nest forthe 2021 Olympic Games.A.Having shown B.To be shown 36. 20

50、21 福建 in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.C.Having been shownD.To showA.Waiting B.To waitC.Having waitedD. To have waitedthe classroom hear me.A.seat B.sitC.seated D.sat 答案解析：1. C 此題主要考查“ with 名詞 / 代詞過去分詞的 用法。不定式和賓語之間是被動關(guān)系，表示動作已經(jīng)完成。2. B 此題主要考

51、查 “不定式作狀語 。不定式作狀語 主要是表示目的、條件、原因和結(jié)果，可位于句首或句末， 但句首時通常用逗號隔開。3. D 此題主要考查 “現(xiàn)在分詞作補語 。后面常接現(xiàn) 在分詞作賓補的動詞有感官動詞 (五看二聽一感覺 see,look at,watch,observe,notice/hear,listen to/feel)使讓動詞( have,get )以及其他類動 詞 leave,keep,catch,set 等。 表示動作正在進 行。4. A 此題主要考查 過去分詞作定語 . 過去分詞短語作定語放在后，表示完成或被動概念。5. B 此題主要考查 “過去分詞作狀語 。過去分詞 在 句中作狀語

52、，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。它 和被修飾詞 之間是被動關(guān)系。它在句中作原因狀 語。6. D 此題主要考查 “不定式作形式賓語 。不定式 較 長時，作賓語，可用 it 代替，放在后面。7. D 此題主要考查 “只用動名詞作賓語 。常只用 動 名詞作賓語的動詞有： admit,avoid,appreciate,consider 考 慮 dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagin e,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,su- ggest等。8. D 此題主要考查 “過去分詞作狀語 。過去分詞 在 句中作狀語，說明動作發(fā)生的

53、背景或情況。它 和被修飾詞 之間是被動關(guān)系。它在句中作方式狀 語。9. C 此題主要考查 “不定式作定語不定式作定語常放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。 不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu) 成被動關(guān)系。10. A 此題主要考查“不定式作定語。不定式作定語常放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。11. B 此題主要考查“過去分詞作狀語過去分詞在句中作狀語，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。它和被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系。它在句中作原因 狀語。12. A 此題主要考查 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。動詞-ing或其短語作狀語時，作伴隨狀語。13. C 此題主要考查“不定式作后置定語。不定式作定語常放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。表

54、目的或?qū)怼?4. C 此題主要考查“過去分詞作狀語。過去分詞在句中作狀語，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。它和被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系。它在句中作原因 狀語15. D 此題主要考查“不定式作狀語。不定式作狀語主要是表示目的?？晌挥诰涫谆蚓淠?首時通常用逗號 隔開。16. A 此題主要考查 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。動詞-ing或其短語作狀語時，作伴隨狀語。17. B此題主要考查“不定式作狀語 。不定式作狀語表 示目的?？晌挥诰涫谆蚓淠?，但句首時通 常用逗號隔開。18. C 同 17 題19. B 此題主要考查“現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 。現(xiàn)在分詞短語 作定語，放在所修飾詞的后面。動詞 -ing 作定語和被修飾 詞之間為主動關(guān)系，表示動作正在同時進行或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生。20. D 此題主要考查 “不定式 作評注性狀語或插入 語 。不定式可以作評注性狀語或插 入語 , 放在句子前面、中間或末尾。常見的有 to be frank,tobe honest,to tell the truth,to begin with to start with,to be short21. A 此