汽車簡介(第三章)(1)

1、汽車電子Unit 3 Electronic Fuel Injection第三單元 電控燃油噴射（EFI） 3-1 Electronic Fuel Injection Description電控燃油噴射介紹 v1- sensor 傳感器 v1.1- air flow meter sensor 空氣流量計 v1.2- water temperature sensor 水溫傳感器vengine coolant temperature sensor 發(fā)動機冷卻液溫度傳感器v1.3- oxygen sensor 氧傳感器 v1.4- crankshaft position sensor 曲軸位置傳感器v

2、engine speed sensor 發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器 v2.1- ECU=electronic control unit 電控單元 v3- actuator 執(zhí)行器 v3.1- injector 噴油器 v3.2- ignition coil with igniter 帶點火器的點火線圈vCOP= coil on-plug 裝在火花塞上的點火線圈 v4- wiring harness 線束vThe EFI system uses various sensors to detect the operating conditions of the engine and the vehicle.

3、 In accordance with the signals from these sensors, the ECU calculates the optimal fuel injection volume and operates the injectors in order to inject the proper volume of fuel. During ordinary driving, the engine ECU determines the fuel injection volume for achieving the theoretical air-fuel ratio,

4、 in order to ensure the proper power, fuel consumption, and exhaust emission levels simultaneously. vAt other times, such as during warm-up, acceleration, deceleration, or high-load driving conditions, the engine ECU detect those conditions with the various sensors and then corrects the fuel injecti

5、on volume in order to ensure an optimal air-fuel mixture at all times.3-2 Types of EFI電控燃油噴射的類型vL-EFI- 空氣流量控制型電控燃油噴射，帶空氣流量計的電控燃油噴射vD-EFI- 歧管壓力控制型電控燃油噴射，壓力測量式的電控燃油噴射 v1- oxygen sensor 氧傳感器 v2- spark plug 火花塞 v3- injector 噴油器v4- pressure regulator 壓力調(diào)節(jié)器 v5. 1- AFM#1 空氣流量計v5.2- MAP#2 進氣歧管壓力傳感器v5.3- IAT

6、 sensor =intake air temperature sensor 進氣溫度傳感器 v6- fresh air 新鮮空氣 v7- bypass tract 旁通氣道v8- ISCV=idle speed control valve 怠速控制閥v9- TPS=throttle position sensor 節(jié)氣門位置傳感器 v10- water temperature sensor 水溫傳感器 Types of EFIvThere are two types of EFI system classified by the amount of the intake air detect

7、ion method. v1. L-EFI (Air-flow control type) vThis type uses an air flow meter to detect the amount of the air flowing in the intake manifold. There are two types of detection methods: One directly measures the intake air mass, and one makes corrections based on the air volume. v2. D-EFI (Manifold

8、pressure control type) vThis type measures the pressure in the intake manifold to detect the amount of the intake air using the intake air density.3-3 Fuel System Description 供油系統(tǒng)介紹Standard System Type Returnless Fuel System Type標準系統(tǒng)型 無回油系統(tǒng)型v1- fuel tank 燃油箱 v2- fuel pump 燃油泵，汽油泵v3- fuel filter 汽油濾清

9、器 v4- pressure line, pressure pipe 壓力油管 v5- fuel pressure regulator 燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器 v6- injector 噴油器 v7- fuel rail 油軌 ，delivery pipe 供油管v8- fuel return line或 return pipe 回油管 v9- fuel rail(no return flow) 燃油軌(無回油流動) Fuel Pump in Fuel Tank燃油箱內(nèi)裝式燃油泵v10- fuel filter 燃油濾清器 v11- float 浮子v12- fuel gauge sensor或 fu

10、el level sensor 燃油表傳感器 v13- coupler 聯(lián)接器 v 14- return tube 回油管 v15- fuel deliver tube 供油管 v16- fuel damper ( pulsator ) 燃油脈動衰減器 v17- foam rubber sleeve 泡沫橡膠套 v18- rubber isolator 橡膠隔離物 v 19- suction-jet pump 吸射泵 v20- suction strainer 吸入濾網(wǎng) The Basic Fuel System ConfigurationvFuel PumpvThe pump impelle

11、r is turned by the motor to compress the fuel. The check valve closes when the fuel pump is stopped to maintain the pressure in the fuel line and make it easier to restart the engine. The relief valve opens when the pressure on the outlet side becomes too high in order to prevent the fuel pressure f

12、rom becoming too high。vFuel filter vThe fuel filter removes dirt and impurities from the fuel that is compressed by the fuel pump.vInjector vThe injector injects fuel into the intake ports of the cylinders in accordance with the signal from the engine ECU. The signals from the engine ECU cause curre

13、nt to flow in the solenoid coil, and this causes the plunger to be pulled, opening the valve to inject the fuel. Because the plunger stroke does not change, the amount of the fuel injection is controlled at the time that the current is flowed to the solenoid.vPressure Regulator vThe pressure regulat

14、or controls the fuel pressure to the injector at 324 kPa (3.3 kgf/cm2). (Values may differ depending on engine models) 3-4 Electronic Spark Advance System 電子點火系統(tǒng) vEI with distributor 帶分電器的電子點火 (DI=distributor ignition)vEI without distributor 不帶分電器的電子點火 (DLI=distributorless ignition) v1.1- ignition c

15、oil with ignition driver 帶點火驅(qū)動器的點火線圈v1.2- ignition coil with igniter 帶點火器的點火線圈 v2.1- ignition distributor 分電器v2.2- high-voltage distributor 高壓電分配器 v3- spark plug 火花塞 v4- engine ECU=engine electronic control unit 發(fā)動機電控單元 v5- water temperature sensor 冷卻液溫度傳感器 v6- knock sensor 爆震傳感器v7- crankshaft posit

16、ion sensor 曲軸位置傳感器v8- ring gear for sensor 傳感器齒圈v9- throttle position sensor 節(jié)氣門位置傳感器v10- battery 蓄電池 v11- ignition switch 點火開關(guān) v12.1- single-spark coil 單火花點火線圈 v12.2- ignition coil with igniter 獨立點火器（筆式點火線圈） DescriptionvThe engine ECU determines the ignition timing based on the G signal, NE signal

17、and the signals from other various sensors. When the ignition timing has been determined, the engine ECU sends the IGT signal to the igniter. While the IGT signal sent to the igniter is ON, the primary current flows to the ignition coil. While the IGT signal turns OFF, the primary current to the ign

18、ition coil is shut off. At the same time, the IGF signal is sent to the engine ECU. Currently, the main ignition circuitry used is the DIS (Direct Ignition System). The engine ECU distributes the high voltage current to the cylinders by sending each IGT signal to the igniters in the order of ignitio

19、n. This makes it possible to provide highly accurate ignition timing control. 3- 5 Spark Plug 火花塞 v1.1- high-voltage connector高壓線接頭 v1.2- terminal nut端子螺母v2- AL2O3 ceramic insulator 氧化鋁陶瓷絕緣端子 v3.1- shell body外殼 v3.2- hexagonal part (殼體)六角部 v4- heat-shrinkage zone 熱收縮區(qū) v5.1- conductive glass 導電玻璃 v5.

20、2- suppression resistor 防干擾電阻器 v5.3- suppression resistance 防干擾電阻 v6- captive gasket 密封墊v7.1- center electrode或centre electrode中心電極 v7.2- composite center electrode Ni/Cu 鎳/銅復合中心電極v8- ground electrode或 side electrode 旁(搭鐵)電極 v9.1- cold (-running) spark plug 冷型火花塞 v9.2- low heat range spark plug 低熱值火

21、花塞 v10- normal-running spark plug, medium heat range spark plug 中熱值火花塞，普通型火花塞 11.1- hot(-running) spark plug 熱型火花塞 v11.2- high heat range spark plug 高熱值火花塞v12- bantam compact type spark plug 矮型火花塞 v13- standard type spark plug 標準型火花塞 v14- special spark plug 特種(專用) 火花塞v15- half thread spark plug 半螺紋火

22、花塞 v16- retracted insulator spark plug 絕緣體縮入型火花塞v17- insulator projected nose type spark plug,或projected insulator spark plug 絕緣體突出型火花塞v18- flat seat spark plug 平座型火花塞v19- conical taper seat type spark plug 錐座型火花塞 v20- spark plug gap 火花塞間隙 v21.1- reach 伸出長度v21.2- thread length 螺紋長度 v22- multi-electr

23、ode spark plug 多極火花塞 v23- iridium tip plug 銥尖(銥金) 火花塞 v23(a) - iridium tip 銥尖 v23(b) - platinum tip 鉑尖，白金尖 v24- platinum spark plug鉑尖(白金) 火花塞v25- blue strip 藍條(共5條，白金火花塞標記，僅部分廠家用)Heat RangevThe amount of heat radiated by a spark plug varies by the shape and the material of the spark plug. The amount

24、 of radiated heat is called a heat range. vA spark plug that radiates more heat is called a cold type, because the plug itself stays cooler. One that radiates less heat is called a hot type, because its heat is retained. Spark plugs are printed (inscribed) with an alphanumeric code, which describes

25、their structure and characteristics. Codes differ somewhat depending on the manufacturer. Usually, the larger the number of the heat range, the cold plug, because it radiates heat well. The smaller the number, the hot plug, because it does not radiate heat easily. Spark plugs perform best when the m

26、inimum center electrode temperature is between the self-cleaning temperature of 450 C (842 F) and the pre-ignition temperature of 950 C (1,742 F). 3-6 Idle Speed Control System 怠速控制系統(tǒng)vLlvBypass Valve Control旁通閥控制式 v Direct Throttle Control節(jié)氣門控制式 1- throttle position sensor節(jié)氣門位置傳感器 2- throttle 節(jié)氣門3-

27、ISCV=idle speed control valve) 怠速控制閥 12.1- throttle-valve actor節(jié)氣門執(zhí)行器 12.2- throttle-valve DC motor節(jié)氣門直流電機12.3- throttle control motor 節(jié)氣門控制電機v4- throttle-valve assembly 節(jié)氣門裝置(總成) v5- water temperature sensor水溫傳感器 v6- crankshaft position sensor凸輪軸位置傳感器 v7- A/C amplifier空調(diào)放大器 v8- electric load電負荷v9-

28、vehicle speed sensor車速傳感器 v10- Neutral start switch空檔起動開關(guān) v11- starter起動機Idle Speed Controlv1. When starting vThe bypass circuit is opened to improve start ability. v2. When warming-up the engine vWhen the coolant temperature is low, the idling speed is increased so that the engine runs smoothly (fa

29、st idle). As the coolant temperature rises, the idling speed is decreased. v3. Feedback control and estimate control vWhen A/C is used vWhen headlights are used vWhen the shift lever is shifted from N to D or from D to N while the vehicle is stopped.vIn the above cases, if the load increases or chan

30、ges, the idle speed is increased or prevented from changing.3-7 Idle Speed Control Valve 怠速控制閥vA- step(per) motor type或 stepping motor type v步進馬達型 v1- from air cleaner 來自空氣濾清器v2- signal 信號 v3- ECM=engine control module 發(fā)動機控制模塊 v4 - ISC valve=idle speed control valve 怠速控制閥 v5- intake air chamber 進氣室v

31、6- to cylinder 至氣缸v7- throttle valve 節(jié)氣門 v8- by-pass port 旁通氣道 v9- valve 閥v10- to air intake chamber 至進氣室 v11- valve seat 閥座v12- valve rod 閥桿 worm 螺桿v13- stop plate 限位板 v14- from air flow meter 來自空氣流量計v15- stator定子stator winding 定子繞組 v16- bearing 軸承v17- rotor轉(zhuǎn)子，armature電樞 v18- connector 插接器，插座v19- b

32、imetallic element 雙金屬元件v20- air bypass 空氣旁通道v21- valve body 閥體v22- permanent magnet 永磁鐵v23- winding 線圈，繞組 ，helicalspiral coil 螺旋線圈v24- rotary valve 轉(zhuǎn)閥 v25- to PS idle-up control valve 至動力轉(zhuǎn)向怠速提升閥v26- return spring 回位彈簧v27- adjustable stop可調(diào)止動器Types of ISCVvThe ISCV is a device that controls the amoun

33、t of the intake air during idling using the signal from the engine ECU and controls the idling speed. vThere are two types of ISCV:vRotary Solenoid Type vThe rotary solenoid type ISCV consists of a coil, IC, permanent magnet, valve, and is attached to the throttle body. The IC uses the duty signal f

34、rom the engine ECU to control the direction and amount of current that flows in the coil and control the amount of air that bypasses the throttle valve, rotating the valve. vStepper Motor Type vThe stepper motor-type ISCV is attached to the intake chamber. The valve installed at the end of the rotor

35、 is in or out by the rotation of the rotor to control the air volume flowing in the bypass circuit.3-8 Electronic Throttle Control System電子節(jié)氣門控制系統(tǒng)v1- check valve 單向閥 v2- activated-charcoal canister 活性炭罐 v3- canister-purge valve 炭罐清污閥v4- injector 噴油器v5- ignition coil with igniter獨立點火器（筆式點火線圈）v6- CMP sensor=camshaft position sensor凸輪軸位置傳感器v7- electric secondary-air injection pump電控二次空氣噴射泵 v8- secondary-air injection valve二次空氣噴射閥 v9- front ox