動(dòng)名詞分析及其與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別

1、動(dòng)名詞概說(shuō)：3動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成與形式：3動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：31)一般情況下，直接加-ing32)某些以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e，再加-ing33)某些以“重讀元音字母+輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，須重復(fù)輔音字母，再加-ing34)少數(shù)幾個(gè)以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，須將-ie變?yōu)閥，再加-ing3動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的形式4動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能41）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)41.動(dòng)名詞直接放在句首作主語(yǔ)42.動(dòng)名詞在“its no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure等名詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)43.動(dòng)名詞在“Its useless/nice/go

2、od/interesting/worthwhile等形容詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中做主語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)54.動(dòng)名詞在“There is(was) no+ doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)52)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)53)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)51.某些動(dòng)詞后要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：52.有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：63.動(dòng)名詞常在介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)后面坐賓語(yǔ)，常這樣用的介詞短語(yǔ)有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to等64.在“have difficulty(trouble, problem

3、, a hard time, fun, a good time)(+in)+動(dòng)名詞；waste time(in)+動(dòng)名詞；lose time(in)+動(dòng)名詞；There is no point(in)+動(dòng)名詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，in常省去65.在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，將動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在后面66.動(dòng)名詞在表示征詢(xún)意見(jiàn)的“How about?”，“What about?”后面作賓語(yǔ)6動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)7動(dòng)名詞前可加一名詞所有格、人稱(chēng)代詞賓格、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞普通格作其邏輯主語(yǔ)7當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的東西時(shí)，只能用普通格，不能用所有格7當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí)，只用賓格，不

4、用所有格7當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)是較長(zhǎng)的名詞詞組時(shí)，一般用普通格，不用所有格7在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中，be為動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，該結(jié)構(gòu)也是一種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞形式7動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)81.一般式：動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生82.完成時(shí)：如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常用動(dòng)名詞的完成形式。8動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式8當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)所表示的是這個(gè)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)，這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式，其形式為“being+過(guò)去分詞”8在動(dòng)詞need, require, want, deserve后，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。其用法相當(dāng)

5、于不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)9在(be) worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義9動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成的合成名詞91)許多合成名詞由“動(dòng)名詞+名詞”構(gòu)成92) 還有一類(lèi)合成詞由“形容詞（名詞）+動(dòng)名詞”構(gòu)成9現(xiàn)在分詞簡(jiǎn)要介紹10動(dòng)詞-ing形式用作形容詞時(shí)叫現(xiàn)在分詞，它在句中可用來(lái)101）構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)（主要是構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）：102）構(gòu)成不定式的進(jìn)行形式103）作表語(yǔ)104）作定語(yǔ)105）構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)106）作狀語(yǔ)10動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的模糊性10動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞概說(shuō)：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞同形，但主要起名詞作用，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)等動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成與形式：動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：1)一般情況下，直接加-i

6、ngAskasking answeransweringStudystudying seeseeing2)某些以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e，再加-ing Comecoming writewriting Givegiving taketaking3)某些以“重讀元音字母+輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，須重復(fù)輔音字母，再加-ing Stopstopping beginbeginning Admitadmitting forgetforgetting4)少數(shù)幾個(gè)以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，須將-ie變?yōu)閥，再加-ing Diedying lielying動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的形式動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) 1.動(dòng)名

7、詞直接放在句首作主語(yǔ) eg: Seeing and doing are two entirely differently things. 看和做是兩種完全不同的事 Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries. 用右手握手時(shí)許多國(guó)家的一種習(xí)俗 2.動(dòng)名詞在“its no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure等名詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ) eg: Its no good writing to him, because he ne

8、ver answers letters. 寫(xiě)信給他不妥，因?yàn)樗麖牟换匦拧?It will be a sad thing parting with her. 同她分手會(huì)是一件叫人傷心的事。 3.動(dòng)名詞在“Its useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中做主語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)eg: Its foolish doing so. 那樣做是非常愚蠢的。 Its useless speaking. 光說(shuō)沒(méi)用。 4.動(dòng)名詞在“There is(was) no+ doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ) eg: There is no denying tha

9、t she is very efficient. 她效率高是不容否認(rèn)的。 There is no telling what he is going to do. 沒(méi)有告訴說(shuō)他準(zhǔn)備做什么。2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容eg: My work is teaching English. My hobby is collecting stamps.3)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)1.某些動(dòng)詞后要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有： Admit excuse postpone Anticipate fancy practice Appreciate finish prevent Avoid forbid

10、propose Consider forgive recollect Delay imagine resent Deny involve resist Detest keep risk Dislike mind save Dread miss suggest Enjoy pardon understand Escape permit eg: I recommend buying the dictionary. Will you admit having broken the window?2.有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有： Cant stand cant help f

11、eel like Give up put offeg: He put off making a decision till he had more information. Do you feel like taking a walk?3.動(dòng)名詞常在介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)后面坐賓語(yǔ)，常這樣用的介詞短語(yǔ)有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to等eg: We are looking forward to coming to China. We succeeded in getting over all the

12、 difficulties.4.在“have difficulty(trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time)(+in)+動(dòng)名詞；waste time(in)+動(dòng)名詞；lose time(in)+動(dòng)名詞；There is no point(in)+動(dòng)名詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，in常省去eg: I wasted an hour going to the library only to find it was closed.The children are busy doing their homework.5.在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，用it作形

13、式賓語(yǔ)，將動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在后面eg: I consider it a waste of time arguing about it. He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.6.動(dòng)名詞在表示征詢(xún)意見(jiàn)的“How about?”，“What about?”后面作賓語(yǔ)eg: How about listening to classical music? What about going to the movies?動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞前可加一名詞所有格、人稱(chēng)代詞賓格、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞普通格作其邏輯主語(yǔ) eg: I

14、 dont like you talking to me like that. My daughter staying up so late worried me.當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的東西時(shí)，只能用普通格，不能用所有格eg: I was afraid of the tent falling down during the night. I knew nothing about the window being open.當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí)，只用賓格，不用所有格eg: She was awakened by someone knocking at the door. Is ther

15、e any likelihood of this being true?當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)是較長(zhǎng)的名詞詞組時(shí)，一般用普通格，不用所有格eg: The leader insisted on Li Ming, Wang Hai and Zhang Fan attending the meeting. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little louder?在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中，be為動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，該結(jié)構(gòu)也是一種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞形式eg: We can imagine there being

16、a lot of fuss about it. 我們可以想象到人們會(huì)對(duì)此大驚小怪。 Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts? 你對(duì)沒(méi)有更多的禮物感到失望嗎？動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.一般式：動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生 We cant understand his/him acting like that. 我們不明白，為什么他會(huì)那樣做。 By reviewing the old, you can learn something new. 溫故而知新。 They

17、are all interested in climbing mountains. 他們都對(duì)登山很感興趣。 2.完成時(shí)：如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常用動(dòng)名詞的完成形式。 I have no idea of their having done such a thing. 我不知道他們做過(guò)這樣的事。 Mary regrets having been idle when young. 瑪麗后悔年輕時(shí)虛度時(shí)光。動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)所表示的是這個(gè)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)，這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式，其形式為“being+過(guò)去分詞”The problem being dis

18、cussed is how to utilize natural resources more economically.正在討論的問(wèn)題是如何更加經(jīng)濟(jì)地利用自然資源。I dont remember having ever been given such a book.我不記得曾給過(guò)我這樣一本書(shū)。She went to the party without being invited.她沒(méi)有被邀而參加了晚會(huì)。在動(dòng)詞need, require, want, deserve后，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。其用法相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)The watch needs repairing. (=The

19、watch needs to be repaired.)這塊表需要修理。The problem deserves thinking about. (=The problem deserves to be thought about.)這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得考慮。在(be) worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義That is a good book worth reading.那是一本非常值得一讀的書(shū)。His suggestion is worth considering.他的提議值得考慮。動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成的合成名詞1) 許多合成名詞由“動(dòng)名詞+名詞”構(gòu)成swimming pool boxing c

20、ompetitionsleeping bag writing deskdiving suit watering canfilling station watering candrawing board washing powderfishing pole drinking fountainparking meter checking accountbanking system printing-presshearing aid operating table 2) 還有一類(lèi)合成詞由“形容詞（名詞）+動(dòng)名詞”構(gòu)成deep-ploughing 深耕 close-planting 密植window-shopping 逛商店（只看不買(mǎi)） tap dancing 踢踏舞 shadow boxing 打拳 zebra crossing 斑馬紋人行橫道 family planning 計(jì)劃生育 house-warming 喬遷酒宴 fire fighting 消防 money grabbing 不擇手段地?fù)棋X(qián)動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞簡(jiǎn)要介紹動(dòng)詞-ing形式用作形容詞時(shí)叫現(xiàn)在分詞，它在句中可用來(lái)1）構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)（主要是構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）：They are doing some pattern practice.他們?cè)谧鼍湫途毩?xí)。Ill be w