Unit1_《A_land_of_diversity》language points

1、Unit 1A land of diversityPacific oceanGulf of MexicoAtlantic OceanCANADAMEXICORocky MountainsMississippi RiverCaliforniaSummary California is _state in the USA and it also has the distinction of being the most _state in the USA. The first settlers crossed _from _and arrived in California. The _suffe

2、red greatly after the arrival of Europeans in the _century. In the 18th century, _was ruled by _ until _the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of_. But after the American-Mexican war in 1846, California was given back to the USA. the third largestmulti

3、culturalthe Bering StraitAsianative Americans16thCaliforniaSpain1821Mexico In 1848, in California gold was_, which _people from all over the world to arrive there to achieve their dreams of_. In 1850, California became the _state of the USA as a _society. Attracted by the_, more and more people from

4、 different parts of the world having been _California, including Asians, Africans, Americans and Europeans. In the near future, California will become _many races and cultures _ any major racial or cultural groups. discoveredattractedbecoming rich31stmulticulturalclimate and lifestyleimmigrating toa

5、 mixture ofwithoutLanguage points1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 1). 序數(shù)詞可以修飾形容詞的最高級(jí) The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 可以修飾形容詞最高級(jí)的詞：far / by far /much.可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞：no / a little / a bit / any / slightly/by far. Youre standing too ne

6、ar the camera . Can you move _?A a bit far B a little farther C a bit of farther D a little far 2). population un / cn. 人口population 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，但前有分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of China_ large. And 70% of the population of China_ peasants. 形容人口的多少通常用large / small. isare對(duì)人口的多少進(jìn)行疑問(wèn)時(shí)，可用what,如What

7、s the population of the city? have a population of . 有多少人口China has a population of 1.3 billion.人口的增加或減少用grow (increase) 和 fall (decrease)an increase / growth in population 人口2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, 加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國(guó)最具多加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國(guó)最具多元文化的一個(gè)州，

8、元文化的一個(gè)州，It also has the distinction of being 意思是意思是What it is known for is 前綴前綴multi-是是“多、多方面、多方想多、多方面、多方想”的意思。的意思。如：如： multi-coloured (多色的多色的), multi-racial (多種族多種族的的), multi-media (多媒體多媒體), multiparty (多黨多黨制制 ), multi-purpose (多種用途多種用途) 3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know

9、as California, no one really knows. no one really knows 是主句是主句, exactly when California是是knows的賓語(yǔ)從句。的賓語(yǔ)從句。what we California是賓語(yǔ)從句是賓語(yǔ)從句, 作介詞作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。即的賓語(yǔ)。即 No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California. 1). When the first people arrived in what we now kno

10、w as California,賓語(yǔ)從句= the place that we now know as California. 定語(yǔ)從句George Washington was born in _ is now the state of Virginia. which B. where C. that D. what = George Washington was born in the place that is now the state of Virginia. D Pudong Development Zone is no longer _ it used to be. A. wha

11、t B. where C. that D. there2.Pudong Development Zone is no longer a rural area _ it used to be.CA定語(yǔ)從句, 先行詞是area, that作關(guān)系代詞表語(yǔ)從句 4. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.It is likely/possible/probable that sb/sth is likely to do sth某人

12、/物有可能做某事注意: likely 比較級(jí)為 likelier(more likely), 最高級(jí)為 likeliest (most likely)e.g. She is _to succeed. 她有可能會(huì)成功. = It is likely that she will succeed.likely辨析: likely, possible, probable 按可能性程度,probable可能性最大,其次為likely, 最小為possible.但需要注意的是,likely的主語(yǔ)可以是人也可以是物,但possible, probable卻只能用形式主語(yǔ)it. 他有可能獲勝嗎？他有可能獲勝嗎

13、？Is he likely to win? Its possible that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能來(lái)。 5. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.vi. 受痛苦；受損害受痛苦；受損害vt. 遭受；忍受遭受；忍受suffer 辨析：辨析：suffer與與suffer from suffer (vt.) 和和suffer from的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：suffer 指指一般的損害、痛苦等等一般的損害、痛苦等等, 其賓語(yǔ)為其賓語(yǔ)為

14、pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折挫折)，但，但suffer from表示遭受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，表示遭受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，自然災(zāi)害帶來(lái)的苦難及患病之意。自然災(zāi)害帶來(lái)的苦難及患病之意。 suffer great pain / heavy losses / hardship承受巨大痛苦承受巨大痛苦/遭受大損失遭受大損失/困難困難 suffer from headache / illness / war / the flood 遭受頭痛遭受

15、頭痛/疾病的困擾疾病的困擾/戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)洪水戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)洪水 1). 辨析：辨析：die from, die of die of 死于疾病、饑餓等死于疾病、饑餓等, 多指內(nèi)部原因。多指內(nèi)部原因。 die from 常用死于創(chuàng)傷、交通事故常用死于創(chuàng)傷、交通事故, 多指外多指外部未知原因。部未知原因。6. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans.in addition “此外，另外” 相當(dāng)于besides, whats more. (其后一般接一個(gè)句子)此外，你必須寫(xiě)一封信。In addition, you have to wri

16、te a letter. in addition to. 除.之外（還有), 后面可接名詞（短語(yǔ)）或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。不接句子。 除了看電影之外，我們還去游泳。 In addition to watching the film, we went to swim. 這個(gè)老師還有他的學(xué)生，很喜歡這本書(shū)。 The teacher, in addition to his students, likes the book very much.(就遠(yuǎn)原則)7. compare：China has more people than any other country in the world.China has

17、more people than any country in Europe.8. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century when(定語(yǔ)從句） they fought against the native people and took their land.西班牙士兵最早是在16世紀(jì)初來(lái)到南美的，（當(dāng)時(shí)）他們同土著人打仗，奪取了他們的土地。 fight for “為為(支持支持)事業(yè)事業(yè), 自由自由, 真理真理, 權(quán)利等權(quán)利等而斗爭(zhēng)而斗爭(zhēng)(戰(zhàn)斗戰(zhàn)斗)”fight against (可

18、用可用with) the enemy “為反對(duì)為反對(duì)而斗爭(zhēng)而斗爭(zhēng)”；接人和國(guó)家名詞，；接人和國(guó)家名詞， 意思是意思是“與與戰(zhàn)斗戰(zhàn)斗” fight with sb. 也可表示與某人并肩作戰(zhàn)也可表示與某人并肩作戰(zhàn)辨析辨析: fight against, fight for與與fight with 9. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.1) the fir

19、st . to do sth.She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.the majority of后可用單數(shù)名詞后可用單數(shù)名詞, 也可用復(fù)數(shù)名也可用復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of 后面的名詞相一致。后面的名詞相一致。The majority of people prefer peace to war. The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 10. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Ru

20、sh Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brough even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. . 但是更大批量的中國(guó)移民卻是在但是更大批量的中國(guó)移民卻是在19世紀(jì)世紀(jì)60年代為修建貫穿美國(guó)東西海岸的鐵路網(wǎng)而來(lái)年代為修建貫穿美國(guó)東西海岸的鐵路網(wǎng)而來(lái)的。的。辨析 although, though(1) 都可作連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“雖然，盡管”。不能與but連用，但可以用 still或yet。盡管陽(yáng)光燦

21、爛，卻很冷。Although the sun was shining, it was cold.(2) though 可與 even, as 連用，如：even though(即使), as though(好像)；而although 沒(méi)有這種搭配。(4) though 引導(dǎo)的從句放在句首，從句可以用部分倒裝(相當(dāng)于as)。這時(shí)不能與although互換。雖然是個(gè)女孩， 但她不喜歡漂亮的裙子。Girl though/as she is, she doesnt like beautiful dresses.(5).though 可用作副詞，單獨(dú)使用常放在句末。相當(dāng)于all the same或how

22、ever.他答應(yīng)來(lái)， 可是他沒(méi)來(lái)。He promised to come; he didnt come, though.11. People from Africa have been living in California since 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.have been living 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示“現(xiàn)在之前這一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行一個(gè)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能仍在進(jìn)行，也可能停止了一會(huì)兒” 這些天我一直在找這本書(shū)。 I have been looking for the book these days. e.g 他一個(gè)上午都

23、在看報(bào)紙。 He has been reading the newspaper all the morning.12.It is believed that It is said that It is hoped that It is supposed that It is suggested that It is reported that 主語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)化為“Sb/Sth be said(believed.) to do sth”Revising useful structures 【paragraph 1】1.第三大州2.人口最多3.有的特征4.多元文化的5.繼續(xù)存在6.文化的多樣性【par

24、agraph 2】1.很可能2.穿越北極的白令海峽3.借助大陸橋the third largest statehave the largest population multiculturalhave the distinction oflive onthe diversity of cultureIt is likely that cross the Bering Strait in the Arctic by means of a land bridge3. Useful expressions:4.在史前時(shí)期5.受了很多苦6.被迫成為奴隸7.艱難度過(guò)這些恐怖時(shí)期【paragraph 3】

25、1 和打仗2 大部分人3 (牧師的)職責(zé)4. 傳授天主教5.向墨西哥宣戰(zhàn) in prehistoric times suffer greatly be forced into slavery survive these terrible times fight against the majority ministry teach the Catholic religion declare war on Mexico【paragraph 5】1 第一批到達(dá)的人2 實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的夢(mèng)想3 謀生4. 盡管很艱苦5.選擇成為第31個(gè)聯(lián)邦政府的州【paragraph 6】1.很大比例的 the first

26、to arrive achieve their dream of doing make a life despite the hardship elect to become the thirty-first federal statea large percentage of【paragraph 7】1 意大利2 丹麥3 保持他們的丹麥文化4. 很好地建立了起來(lái)5.這個(gè)行業(yè)的繁榮【paragraph 8】1. 在20世紀(jì)初Italy Denmark keep up their Danish culture be well established the industry boomat the

27、 beginning of the 20th century【paragraph 10】 不久以后 明顯主要的種族或文化群體1. 和的混合物before long distinct major racial or cultural groups a mixture of A and B從句一律保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。從句一律保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句Subject clause賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句Object clause表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句Predicative clause同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句Appositive clause名詞從句名詞從句名詞性從句基本結(jié)構(gòu)名詞性從句基本結(jié)構(gòu):引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 +

28、從句從句(陳述句語(yǔ)序陳述句語(yǔ)序) 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞成分相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞成分, 在句中作主語(yǔ)、在句中作主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。What I want to do is to go home immediately.I said that I want to go home immediately. My hope is that I want to home immediately.The fact that the earth goes around the sun is acceptable now.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句1.

29、 主語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分主語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分2. 賓語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分（賓語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分（ 可以作可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)）3. 表語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分，一般放在連表語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。系動(dòng)詞之后。4. 同位語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)成分，其一般同位語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞跟在一些抽象名詞(idea, belief, fact, truth, problem, news等等)后面后面, 對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋

30、說(shuō)明。對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。注意注意:suggest, advise, order, command, insist, require, request等動(dòng)詞常接含虛擬語(yǔ)氣等動(dòng)詞常接含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)從句: should + do。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。后的賓語(yǔ)從句也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。I wish I were a bird.I wish that I had met him yesterday. Exercise1. She received the message _ he would come by plane. A. that B. which C. what

31、 D. when2. Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that3. Our city has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago. A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C.which it used to be D. what was itAAA4. He has given us a suggestion _ we should buy a cottage in the country, with the money we have saved.A. when B. where C. what D. that5. After five hours drive, they reached _ they thought was the place t