《試驗統(tǒng)計方法習題》ppt課件

1、P47/1(1)總體是指所研討的金針蟲總體；(2)樣本是指從金針蟲總體中隨機抽取的6個個體組成的樣本；(3)變數(shù)是指金針蟲的頭數(shù)；(4)察看值是指變數(shù)的6個取值為6個察看值。組組 限限組中值組中值y劃線計數(shù)劃線計數(shù) 次數(shù)次數(shù)24.5 27.526227.5 30.529 730.5 33.532 2433.5 36.535 4136.5 39.538 2139.5 42.541442.5 45.54445.5 48.5471P47/2 極差=46-26=20；組數(shù)=7；組距=20/7=2.85713 100個小區(qū)水稻產(chǎn)量資料的次數(shù)分布表 100個小區(qū)水稻產(chǎn)量資料的方柱形圖P47/3P47/4直

2、接法:222222/(374634)/1003485/10034.85() /374634 )3485 /1003.221100 1yy nyynSn222/(2 267 291 47)/1003467/10034.67() /1212973467 /1003.331100 1yfyffyfyfSf P47/5等級差法: 假定y0=35，02222 ( 3)7 ( 2)1 435334.67100() /123( 11) /10033.331100 1fdyyinfdfdnSin P47/6BS24：金皇后：金皇后：11112221111111122 184/(192119)/1020() /

3、4014200 /101.247110 1100%1.247/20 100%6.24%RyynyynSnSCVy22222222222222226 15 11/(16 2119)/1020() /4104 200 /103.399110 1100%3.399/20 100% 16.99%RyynyynSnSCVyP47/7 10株小麥的分蘗數(shù)為：3，6，2，5，3，3，4，3，4，3。 n=10，y3=2，y7=4，y2-1=y1=3，y21=61=5P47/802222(363)/1036/103.6()(33.6)(63.6)(33.6)033624() /14236 /101.381.1

4、7110 1dyyyMMRyynSSnP72/2(28)0.7(19)0.9(24)68 (24)(68)0.30.30.682(24)37 0.210852()(3)0.2105pypypyypypypyypp或()與()奇數(shù)被 整除P72/3 在回交后代200株中，雜合體非糯稻與純合體糯稻出現(xiàn)的概率各為1/2，即雜合體非糯稻與純合體糯稻各有100株。 F1自交得F2代的分別作3:1遺傳比率，即非糯稻為0.75，糯稻為0.25，這一分布屬離散型隨機變數(shù)的概率分布二項式分布。WxWxwxwxWxwxwxwxWxwxwxwx121220.750.75 0.250.1875ppq P72/4非糯稻

5、：Np=20000.75=1500；糯稻：Nq=20000.25=500受害株數(shù)概率函數(shù)P(y)P(0)0.00100.00100.40P(1)0.01460.01565.84P(2)0.08790.103535.16P(3)0.26370.3672105.48P(4)0.39550.7627158.20P(5)0.23731.000094.92調(diào)查單位為5株的概率分布表(p=0.75，q=0.25，n=400)400.00( )( )( )yyn ynC p qp yF ynp y0055114522353325441555050.750.250.750.250.750.250.750.25

6、0.750.250.750.25CCCCCC樣本平均數(shù)(成數(shù))的抽樣分布:樣本總和數(shù)(次數(shù))的抽樣分布: 20.75/0.75 0.25/50.0375ppppq n25 0.753.755 0.75 0.250.9375npnpnpnpq P73/6(1.17)1(1.17)1 0.87900.1210(1.17)0.8790(1.17)0.1210(0.421.61)(1.61)(0.42)0.94630.66280.2835( 1.610.42)(0.42)(1.61)0.33720.05370.2835p up up up upup up upup up u 11( 1.610.42)

7、(0.42)(1.61)0.66280.05370.6091(1.05)1 (1.05)(1.05)1 (0.8531 0.1469)0.2938(1.05)2(1.05)2 0.14690.2938(1.05)0.8531 0.14690.7062()0.051pup up up up up up up up up uuu 11.9599641.96()0.0251.9599641.96p uuuP73/7 N(16，4)112112(1020)( 32)0.97730.00140.9759(12)(2)0.0228(20)1(2)10.97720.0228()0.500.6745160.6

8、74514.6517.352()0.951.96161.9612.0819.922pypup yp up yp up uuuyyyp uuuyyy=-=-= -=-=-=-=-=P73/8 N=5，n=2222222525(12345)/53() /5515 /52.052.01.414nNyyNNmsss=+=-=邋次數(shù)1.011.522.032.543.053.544.034.525.0152個樣本平均數(shù)分布的次數(shù)分布表個樣本平均數(shù)分布的次數(shù)分布表y 52個樣本平均數(shù)分布的次數(shù)分布圖 平均數(shù)分布的方柱形圖作正態(tài)分布。由25個平均數(shù)構(gòu)成的新總體平均數(shù)與方差:222222/75/253() /

9、25075 /251.0253/2/21.0yyyyf yff yf yffnmsmmss=-=邋邋P73/9 22222/ppn pn pppqpnpq nnnpnnpqP73/10 結(jié)果為：0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，02222/(010)/100.5()(00.5)(10.5)(00.5)0.5100.5/0.50.5/40.2540.52.040.50.51.0ppnpnpy nyNpq nnnpqmmsmmsmms=+=-+-+-=創(chuàng)=P97/40.01120.0512153.752.58161402.58130.325149.6753.75130.325149.675151

10、.501.961001001.9697.06102.941.5097.06102.94yyunyyyyyunyyyyy 或或P97/5否認無效假設(shè)，接受備擇假設(shè)。否認無效假設(shè)，接受備擇假設(shè)。02222220.01,9:2.50:2.50(2.38 2.382.41)/1023.90/102.39() /2.382.382.4123.9 /100.068110 10.0680.02102.39 2.505.513.2500.02AyHHyyynSnSSnttP97/6 否認否認H0接受接受H01201212121212212120.05,(5)0.05,(5):5437.605.276.504.

11、596.504.592.218(4 1)(3 1)2.2182.2187.605.271.142.04431.142.015()2.571()AeyyHHnnyySSSSSSSSSSttt 一尾概率二尾概率P97/7 接受接受H01222112212012120.052461580813:0:01.9624803.746815 130.5343.74AyynynyHHuu P97/8 接受接受H0121222111222012120.05(15)222112212111263040112245:4:42.1315 40 10 4543.335 1043.3343.333.34611()()(3

12、022)41.203.34AeyyyynySnySHHtSSSSyytS P97/9 0.050.05212(29.8, 2.25)101.961.64()2.250.47431029.81.9628.8730.730.474328.8730.7329.81.6430.5830.580.4743yNnuunyyyyyyyy 一尾或0.050.05212(29.8, 2.25)1001.961.64()2.250.1510029.81.9629.5130.090.1529.5130.0929.81.6430.0530.050.15yNnuunyyyyyyyy 一尾或00.052:29.8:29.

13、81.64()2.252030.10.33542030.1 29.80.890.335430.1 29.81.962.25/96/AyyHnHunyuyyuSnn 一尾接受接受H0P97/10 00.05(9)2220:0:02.262(325)/1031/103.1() /16931 /100.90(1)10 (10 1)3.13.4440.90dAddHHtdddnSn ntH 否定去 雄28303135303430283432未去雄25282929312528273227d3226-192125否認否認H010.0520.053.1 2.262 0.901.13.12.262 0.905

14、.1ddLdtSLdtS12012120.05(18)221122222112212:0:02.10131.26.1828.15.219 6.189 5.215.695991131.228.15.695 ()1.0672.90510101.067AeyyHHtySySSSSSt 去 雄28303135303430283432未去雄25282929312528273227 成組數(shù)據(jù)(t=2.905)成對數(shù)據(jù)(t=3.444)，即成組數(shù)據(jù)容易犯第二類錯誤。121210.051220.0512()(31.228.1)2.101 1.0670.9()(31.228.1)2.101 1.0675.3yy

15、yyLyytSLyytS10.0520.053.1 2.262 0.901.13.12.262 0.905.1ddLdtSLdtSP97/11 12012120.0512:0:01.9642/2000.2127/1500.1842270.19711 0.19710.8029200 150110.1971 0.80290.0432001500.21 0.180.6980.043AppHppHppupppqSu 接受接受H0令令屬真實差別屬真實差別12nnn0.21 0.180.031212120.21 0.181.961111()0.1971 0.8029ppppppuSp qnnnn12135

16、0nnnP127/5 4組數(shù)據(jù)編 號Ti ni 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 組1 8 10 1 6 4 7 8 2 46 5.75 8 組2 9 2 11 5.50 2 組3 6 5 0 7 3 7 28 4.67 6 組4 16 8 6 11 41 10.25 4iy1266.320iTyn組1組2組3組42222222122222111222222222232222233324222222444126793.82081011793.8270.20810246 /869.59211 /224.565728 /637.3316861141 /4iTeeeeTCnSSyCySSynySSyn

17、ySSynySSsyn56.7569.5024.5037.33 56.75188.08eSS兩種計算方法結(jié)果完全一樣。與總變異平方和完全一樣。2222222222()8 (5.756.3)2 (5.56.3)6 (4.676.3)4 (10.256.3)82.1246112841793.882.128264tiiitiSSn yyTSSCn 82.12188.08270.20teTSSSSSS種植密度(株、667)千 粒 重 1234200024725825625110122534000238244246236964241600021422722121888022080002102042002

18、10824206測定4種密度下金皇后玉米的千粒重結(jié)果P128/6 iyiT3680230Ty2222222222214 4 11514 13(1)4 (4 1)12368084640016247258210560810129648808245304456085304304TteTiteTtDFnkDFkDFk nTCnkSSyCCTSSCCnSSSSSS 方 差 分 析 表25.332.524eMSSEn變異來源DF SS MS F F0.05 F0.01 處 理 間35304176869.79* 3.495.95誤 差1230425.33 總 變 異155608 種植密度的差別顯著性(SSR

19、檢驗)結(jié)論：金皇后玉米的千粒重在不同的密度下有極顯著結(jié)論：金皇后玉米的千粒重在不同的密度下有極顯著的差別，種植密度愈高千粒重愈低。的差別，種植密度愈高千粒重愈低。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.084.327.7610.8933.234.558.1411.4743.334.688.3911.79 處 理 平均千粒重 差別顯著性 5% 1% 2000 253 a A 4000 241 b B 6000 220 c C 8000 206 d D P128/7 3個稻田的農(nóng)藥殘留量iyT=27.01213 3 2 11713 12(1)3 (3 1)6(1)3 3

20、(2 1)9TteeDFlmnDFlDFl mDFlm n 稻 田123水 樣123123123殘留量1.11.31.21.31.31.41.82.12.21.21.11.01.41.51.22.02.01.9水樣Tij2.32.42.22.72.82.63.84.14.1稻田Ti6.98.112.0稻田平均1.151.352.00222222222222222122227.040.5181.11.31.940.543.0840.52.586.98.112.040.5642.8740.52.372.32.44.142.87242.9242.870.0543.0842TitijieijeTClm

21、nSSyCTSSCmnTTSSnmnTSSyn.920.16方差分析表變異來源DFSSMSFF0.05 F0.01稻 田 間22.371.19148.7*5.1410.92水 樣 間60.050.0081水 樣 內(nèi)90.160.018總 變 異172.5810.0080.03656eMSSEmn 種植密度的差別顯著性(SSR檢驗)結(jié)論：水樣間無顯著差別；稻田間有極顯著的差別，結(jié)論：水樣間無顯著差別；稻田間有極顯著的差別，稻田稻田3農(nóng)藥污染最重，稻田農(nóng)藥污染最重，稻田2次之，稻田次之，稻田1最輕。最輕。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.465.240.12630.

22、191333.585.510.13070.2021處 理 平均殘留量 差別顯著性 5% 1% 稻 田 3 2.00 a A 稻 田 2 1.35 b B 稻 田 1 1.15 c C P128/8 5個水稻種類干物質(zhì)的干物質(zhì)積累量525517.4lmnT密度 樣點千 粒 重TijTi甲17.88.99.211.410.547.899.29.92212.110.68.79.910.151.4乙37.48.88.97.89.842.776.47.6446.26.65.37.58.133.7丙512.610.211.411.812.158.1126.1 12.61615.215.112.312.51

23、2.968.0丁75.84.76.67.47.932.468.86.8886.46.88.17.27.936.4戊913.815.113.412.616.671.5146.9 14.691011.717.215.615.115.871.4iy122222222222215 2 5 14915 14(1)5 (2 1)5(1)5 2 (5 1)40517.45354.0552507.88.915.85880.62 5354.0552526.564899.276.4126.168.81TteeTitDFlmnDFlDFl mDFlm nTClmnSSyCCTSSCmn 222222122246.9

24、105789.1860 5354.0552435.130847.851.475.45789.186055811.5040 5789.186022.31805880.62 5811.50469.1160ijieijeCTTSSnmnTSSyn方差分析表14.46360.668110eMSSEmn變異來源DFSSMSFF0.05 F0.01品 種 間4435.1308 108.782724.37*5.1911.39樣 點 間522.31804.46362.58*2.453.51樣 點 內(nèi)4069.11601.7279總 變 異49526.5648 5個水稻種類干物質(zhì)的差別顯著性(SSR檢驗)結(jié)論：

25、結(jié)論：5個水稻種類間有極顯著的差別。其中，戊與丙、甲與個水稻種類間有極顯著的差別。其中，戊與丙、甲與乙、乙與丁間無顯著差別；戊與甲、乙、丁間達極顯著程度。乙、乙與丁間無顯著差別；戊與甲、乙、丁間達極顯著程度。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123453.643.743.793.835.705.966.116.182.432.502.532.563.813.984.084.13處 理 平均干物質(zhì)量差別顯著性 5% 1% 戊丙甲乙丁14.6912.619.927.646.88a a b bc c A AB BC C CP128/9 5個小麥種類的黑穗病率%反正弦轉(zhuǎn)換221

26、4 5 11914 13357.3(1)4 (5 1)166383.1620TteDFnkDFkTDFk nCnk ABCDABCD0.84.09.86.05.1311.5418.2414.183.81.956.279.811.247.9248.5663.290.00.766.07.00.004.8054.3315.346.03.510.384.614.18 10.7818.7266.891.73.29.22.87.4910.3017.669.63Ti12.3 13.3 151.5 180.238.04 45.34 157.51 169.33T=357.3T=410.22方差分析表方差分析表結(jié)

27、論：種類間差別不顯著。結(jié)論：種類間差別不顯著。2222222220.84.02.86383.16 15132.65/(12.313.3151.5180.2 )/5 6383.16 4767.3315132.65 4767.33 10365.32TtieTtSSyCSSTn CSSSSSS變異來源DFSSMSFF0.05品 種 間34767.331589.112.45 3.24誤 差1610365.32647.83總 變 異1915132.65方差分析表方差分析表結(jié)論：數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換后結(jié)論：數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換后,種類間差別顯著。闡明轉(zhuǎn)換后各種類的均方種類間差別顯著。闡明轉(zhuǎn)換后各種類的均方得到改良，從而提高了檢驗

28、的靈敏度。得到改良，從而提高了檢驗的靈敏度。22222222222/410.22 /208414.025.1311.549.638414.027750.90/(38.0445.34157.51169.33 )/5 8414.022982.947750.90 2982.944767.96TtieTtCTnkSSyCSSTn CSSSSSS變異來源DFSSMSFF0.05品 種 間32982.94994.313.34*3.24誤 差164767.96298.00總 變 異197750.09P143/1接受接受H0：差別不顯著：差別不顯著0220.975(9)0.025(9)22:3.6:3.60.

29、052.7019.02(10 1)4.511.253.60.05AHHxxsxpP143/26個方差同質(zhì)性檢驗的計算 133.644134.563.515714.0628214.27457.082.658210.6328316.94467.762.829711.318841.2845.120.24690.987652.56410.240.94003.760062.0448.160.71292.8516 24282.9210.903443.62222lnlniiiiiiiiSSSS2222220126126220.975(5)0.025(5)2222:,0.8312.83282.9211.788

30、324ln24 ln11.788359.21061111111.09723(6 1) 444241(59.210643.6136)14.21521.0972AiipiipcHHxxSSSCxp 不全等0.05否認否認H0：差別顯著：差別顯著P143/3檢驗下表各樣本察看次數(shù)能否適宜各相應(yīng)的實際比率222222*22222232/3134 3 362/(3 170)1.129432/3240 3 1202/(3 360)12.89261 /76 561 /1322.7348158/15240 15 138/(15 253)0.3607ccccxAanxAanxA anxAan 樣本號實際比率察看

31、次數(shù)A an3:13:11:115:113424076240 36 120 56 13170360132253P144/4接受接受H0：差別不顯著：差別不顯著02220.05(2)22222:9:3:4:9:3:4348 115 1576205.993481151576200.04089/16 6203/16 6204/16 6200.05AiiHFHFnxaxnmnp分離符合的比率分離不符合的比率P144/5200個稻穗粒數(shù)分布與正態(tài)分布的適宜性檢驗個稻穗粒數(shù)分布與正態(tài)分布的適宜性檢驗220.05(9)20054.8510.081.954716.92nySxx每每 穗穗 粒粒 數(shù)數(shù)次數(shù)次數(shù)(

32、O)實際次數(shù)實際次數(shù)(E)組限組限(y)組中點組中點25.530.5281-24.35-2.420.00781.560.202130.535.5333-19.35-1.920.01963.920.215935.540.53810-15.35-1.420.050410.080.000640.545.54321-9.35-0.930.098419.680.087245.550.54832-4.35-0.430.157431.480.008650.555.553410.650.060.190338.060.227155.560.558385.650.560.188437.680.002760.565.5632510.651.060.143128.620.457965.570.5681615.651.550.084016.800.038170.575.573820.652.050.04048.080.000875.580.578325.652.540.01472.940.001280.585.583230.653.040.00551.110.7yyyySp2xP144/6接受接受H0：差別不顯著：差別不顯著02220.05(3)2222212342