英語(yǔ)句子成分和英語(yǔ)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)

1、.英語(yǔ)句子成分和英語(yǔ)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)一、句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)（5種）1、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（s+v） 2、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（s+l+p）3、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（s+v+o） 4、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)（指人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（指物）(s+v+io+do)5、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（s+v+o+c）二、句子成分：（主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、插足語(yǔ)）1. 主語(yǔ)（subject）：句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east （ ） He likes dancing. （ ）Twenty years is a short time in history. (

2、) Seeing is believing. （ ）To see is to believe.（ ） What he needs is a book.（）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（ ）(一）指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my

3、mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.2. 謂語(yǔ)（predicate）：是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語(yǔ)的后面。 We study English. He is asleep.(二). 選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when su

4、mmer comes. A. get B.longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfas

5、t3. 表語(yǔ)（predicative）：系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher. （ ） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （ ）Five and five is ten. （ ） He is asleep. （ ）His father is in.（ ） The picture is on the wall. ( )My watch is gone / missing / lost. （ ）The question is whether they will come. （ ）（常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）,

6、 look（看起來(lái)）, feel(摸起來(lái)，smell（聞起來(lái)）, taste（嘗、吃起來(lái)）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺(jué)）It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.(三) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ) The old man was feeling very tired. Why i

7、s he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.4. 賓語(yǔ)：1）動(dòng)賓表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：I like China. （ ） He hates you. （ ）How many do you need? We need two. （ ） I enjoy working with you. （ ）I hope to see

8、you again. （ ） Did you write down what he said? （ ）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）雙賓語(yǔ)-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday . Give the poor man some money.(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ) My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak Engli

9、sh. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?5. 賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We elected him monitor. （ ） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （ ）We will make them happy. （ ）

10、 We found nobody in. ( )Please make yourself at home. （ ） Dont let him do that. （ ）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （ ）Dont keep the lights burning. （ ） Ill have my bike repaired. （ ）(五) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He as

11、ked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?6. 定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（ ） He is our friend. （ ）We belong to t

12、he third world.（ ） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（ ）The man over there is my old friend.( )The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( )The boys playing football are in Class 2. （ ）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （ ）I have an idea to do it well.（ ） You should

13、do everything that I do. （ ）(六) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ) They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步

14、。（以下例句按上述順序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ) There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box u