主謂一致-講義及練習(xí)11頁

1、 主謂一致在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。（一）語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all.

2、/ The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。如：

3、Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意：注意: 當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞.The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secreta

4、ry and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. were答案BThe writer and artist has come.; 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有w

5、ith, together with- except, but, besides, including -like, as well as, -rather than, more than, no less than,等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4、e

6、ither, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意： 在口語中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞）”作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：

7、None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有 crew, company, committee ,family, class, crowd, comm

8、ittee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式. 如：The police are looking for the lost child. Are there any police around works工廠，means方法，series系列，species物種，ai

9、rcraft飛機(jī)”等名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)同形，要從上下文判斷其具體意義來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 這（幾）家工廠是兩年前修建的。Every means has (All means have) been tried . 各種辦法都試過了。這類名詞通常還有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (總部駐地),bellows(風(fēng)箱), plastics, gallows (絞架), manners(禮貌) ,whereabouts (行蹤), ”等。（但news（消息）是不可數(shù)

10、名詞，通常只作單數(shù)用。）7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of“許多”，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；the

11、 number of“的數(shù)量”，主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。8、在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.9, ）a lot of/ lots of，a large quantity of等量詞 + 名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由這些量詞后的名詞決定。如：A large quantity of people are needed here. 但large quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不

12、可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如: Large quantities of food / books are on the table.（二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“時(shí)間、重

13、量、長度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式， 這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式（也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5、算式中表示

14、數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以 ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study.The steel work

15、s in the country produce more steel than those in that country.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 而The pairs of shoes under the bed are his.8、“定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。表示物時(shí)用

16、單數(shù)：The good in him outweights the bad.9,the following作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致.例如:The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.（三）就近一致原則：在英語句子中，有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither

17、 they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?2、there be句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。 (四)主謂一致中的表里不一現(xiàn)象 和主語必須在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,最基本的原則是:單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞,復(fù)數(shù)主語用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.但在實(shí)際使用當(dāng)中情況比較復(fù)雜,現(xiàn)在學(xué)生常犯的主謂一致錯(cuò)誤歸納整理如下1,more than on

18、e +名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一個(gè)教師得到了花.2, many a +名詞作主語時(shí),從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).例如:Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學(xué)生被派去植樹.3,all指人時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);all指物時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如:All are present and all is going well. 所有人全部到場了,一切進(jìn)展順利4,what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動(dòng)詞可視表語而定:表語是單數(shù)名詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),相反,則用復(fù)數(shù)

19、.例如:What they want to get isthe number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書.5,each作主語的同位語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞由主語來決定,與each無關(guān).例如:They each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車.6,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).例如:Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚飯后出去散步是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣.7,the following作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致.例如:The following are good

20、 examples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).以-s結(jié)尾的名詞news, works, plastics,means等同屬此類.例如:Politics is now taught in all schools. 現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開設(shè)政治課.當(dāng)以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞表示學(xué)科以外的意義時(shí)，用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：mathematics（運(yùn)算能力）politics(政治觀點(diǎn))economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)意義）等;注意: 以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 :某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱，如果是國名，如the

21、 United States，the Netherlands等，因其是單一政治實(shí)體，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用作單數(shù)。 例如： The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s. In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976. 但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如： The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.13,one and ahalf

22、 +名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù).例如:One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一個(gè)半蘋果.14,One or two more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如:One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一兩個(gè)人到那兒去給他們幫忙.15,one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而在the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).例如: He is one of the st

23、udents who get there on time.他是準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里的學(xué)生之一.16,表示時(shí)間,距離,金錢等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù),但若強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,謂語動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù).例如:One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬美元是一大筆錢17.下列情況下須視其“具體所指”來確定單、復(fù)數(shù)：（1）what、which、who、whose等疑問代詞作主語。例如：Who is your brother? 你兄弟是誰？Who are League Members? 哪些是團(tuán)員？注意：若單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不明確，what、who 等疑問代詞對(duì)應(yīng)的謂

24、語通常用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。（2）half of、plenty of、the rest of、the last、a lot of、lots of等 + 名詞作主語或者all、some、more、most、any、none作主語時(shí)，要結(jié)合具體語境判斷謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 總結(jié)：a / an + 單名+ or two 大多接單數(shù)謂語： one or two + 復(fù)名接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需說一兩句。One or two reasons were suggested . 提出一兩條理由。b）a / an + 單名+ and a hal

25、f常接單數(shù)謂語；“one and a half +復(fù)名”多接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.A year and a half has passed . 一年半已過去了。One and a half tons of rice are sold . 已賣了一噸半大米。d） more than one + 單名大多接單數(shù)謂語。e.g.More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一個(gè)人缺席。more + 復(fù)名+ than one 接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.More students than one have been there . 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生去過那兒。more than

26、two (three,)+復(fù)名 接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名學(xué)生聽了這場音樂會(huì)。主謂一致練習(xí)(1)1. Neither of them _ going to the cinema. Both of them _ going to the cinema.A. is ; are B. is ; is C. are ; was D. are ; is2. All but one _ here just now. All that I want to say _ this.A. wa

27、s; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were3. A number of students _ gone for an outing. The number of the students _ increasing year. A. have; has B. is; have C. has; have D. have; is 4. Some of the oranges _ turned bad. Some of the milk _ turned sour (酸).A. have; has B. have; have C. has; have D.

28、 have; is 5. Each student -_ got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students each _ a dictionary.A. have; has B. has; have C. have; have D. has; has6. There _ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There _ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is 7. Eit

29、her the judge or the lawyers _ wrong. Either you or he _ to blame.A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is 8. His family _ all very well. His family _ a “ five good” one.A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are9. My blue trousers _ worn out. One pair of trousers _ not enough.A. is; are B. are;

30、 are C. is; is D. are; is 10. Our League secretary and monitor _ the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor _ good friends. A. take; are B. take; is C. takes; is D. takes; are11. The girl as well as his parents _ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor _ surprised at M

31、arys answer. A. have; was B. have; were C. has; was D. has; were12. Who _ the girl singing in the next room? Who _ these people over there?A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is 13. Most of the students _ boys. Most of his money _ spent on books.A. are; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are14. T

32、he policeman _ standing at the street corner. The police _ searching for him.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 15. The glasses _ mine. That pair of glasses _ my brothers.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 16. The news at six oclock _ not true. Those pieces of news _ to be broadcas

33、ted.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons _ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, _ taking a walk in the park now. A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is 18. No one but Jane _ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I

34、_ in the classroom at that time.A. know; was B.knows; was C. know; were D. knows; were19. There _ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _ something wrong with the machine. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; is D. were; are20. He is one of the boys who _ never late for school. He is the only one of t

35、he boys who _ never late for school. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is 21. What they have done _ of great use to us. What he says and what he does _ agree.A. is; not B.is; do not C. are; does not D. are; not22. Every picture except these two _. Everything around us _ matter.A. have been so

36、ld; is B. have been sold; are C. has been sold; is D. has been sold; are23. A woman with two children _ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, _ moved to Paris. A. is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has24. one sixth of our classmates _ from peasant families. One fifth of her time _ dev

37、oted to writing. A. comes; is B.come; are C. come; is D. comes; are25. Only 10 percent of the students in the class _ League members. About 40% of Jims income _ to the rent (租金). A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes D. is; go26. It is this teacher who _ leaving for London. It is you who _ next. A. ar

38、e; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is27. The population of the earth _ increasing fast. One third of the population here _ workers. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are28. This kind of snakes _ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _ hard to find.A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are29.

39、 Half of the visitors _ from Europe. Half of the fruit _ bad.A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are30. Every man worker and every woman worker _ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _ given a present. A. enjoy; is B. enjoy; are C.enjoys; is D. enjoys; are31. Many a man _ seen

40、the wonderful film. Many men _ seen the wonderful film.A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have32. Going to bed early and getting up early _ a good habit. Singing and dancing _ two of the things that he likes best. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are33. Such _ Albert Einstein, a s

41、imple man of great achievements. Such _ her words.A. were; were B. was; were C. were; were D. was; was34. Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _ willing to do the work. The factory, including its machines _ burnt last night. A. was; is B. were; is C. was; are D. were; are35. If anybody _, ask him to wait. _ t

42、here anything I can do for you?A. come; Is B. come; Are C. comes; Are D.comes; Is36. Chinese _ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people _ brave and hard working. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are37. Little _ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much _ done to against fight pol

43、lution. A. has been; have been B. have; has C. has been; has been D. have been; have been38. Do you know the singer and dancer who _standing at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which _ Taiwan. A. is; are B. is ; is C. are; is D. are; are39. Each of the girls _ an orange. Each

44、 _ his duty.A. have; has B. have; have C. has; has D. has; have40. When we are to hold the sports meet _ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails _ matter. A. have; dont B.has; dont C. have; doesnt D. has; doest 41. Her clothes _ nearly worn out. His physics _ weaker than others. A. is; is B. are;

45、 is C. is; are D. are; are42. Five hundred dollars _ more than he can afford. A. is B. are43. Food and clothing _ daily necessities for people. A. is B. are44. The United Nations _ trying to persuade the two countries. A. is B. are45. Three kilometers _ not a long distance. A. is B. are46. To say so

46、mething _ one thing, to do it _ another. A. is; is B. are; are47. Reading English magazines and novels _ helpful to your study of English. A. is B. are48. He like you and Xiao Liu _ very diligent. A. is B. are49. Between the two buildings _ a hospital. A. stand B. stands50. How to get rid of these t

47、hings _ a big problem. A. are B. is 答案：15 ACDAB 610ABADD 1115CCACA 1620CDBAD2125BCACA 2630BACCC 3135BCBAD 3640CCBCD4145BABAA 4650AAABB主謂一致練習(xí)(2)1.I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A.am B.is C.are D.be2. The rich _ not always happy. A.are B.is C.has D.have3. Neither T

48、om nor Jack and I _ his students. A.are B.am C.is D.was4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study5. Neither my father nor I _ at home. A.am B.is C.are D.be6. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters.,A.ar

49、e;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like8. Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants.A.was B.is C. would be D.are9. The population of China _ larger than that of .any other country in the world.A.is B.are C.

50、has D.have10. Every means _ tried but without any result.A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been11. Alice, together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished12. The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the .meeting

51、this afternoon.A.is B.was C.are D.is being13. The great writer and professor_.A. is an old man B. are both old menC. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese14. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A.are B.is C.has D.have15. A large number of students in our class_ girls. A. are B. was C. is D. be16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as they are. A. doesn t change B.dont change C.change D.changed17. The Arabian Nights _ well known to the English.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Chairman Mao s works _ published.A.