成本會計英文版課件：ch01 Introduction to Cost Accounting

1、 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-1 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in

2、 part. 1-21 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-3Accounting information systemsFinancial accountingProduces outputs for external users. Follows rules and conventions such as those set

3、 by the SEC and FASB. Creates outputs such as financial statements. Cost management accountingProduces outputs for internal users. Designed to cost services, products and other objects. Is used in planning and control and decision making. Criteria and formats set internally. Outputs include reports,

4、 schedules and analyses.1 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-4Two major subsystemsCost accounting information systemAssigns costs to individual products and services. Assists externa

5、l financial reporting by valuing inventories and determining cost of sales. These assignments must conform to external rules. Operational control information systemProvides accurate and timely feedback concerning performance. Improve profit by increasing customer value.1 2011 Cengage Learning. All R

6、ights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Global CompetitionThe new competitive environment has increased the demand not only for more cost information but also for more accurate information.Vastly imported transportati

7、on and communication has led to a global market for many manufacturing and service firms.1-52 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-6Growth of the Service Industry2As the traditional in

8、dustries has declined in importance, the service sector of the economy has increased in importance.Deregulation of many services has increased competition in the service industry. 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible

9、 website, in whole or in part. 1-7Advances in Information Technology2Computers are used to monitor and control operations. The result is an operational system that is fully integrated with marketing and accounting data.Increased ability to accurately cost products because of advances in tools.Emerge

10、nce of e-commerceInternet tradingElectronic data interchangeBar coding 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-8Advances in Management Environment2The theory of constraints is a method us

11、ed to continuously improve manufacturing activities and nonmanufacturing activities.Just-in-time manufacturing is a demand-pull system that strives to produce a product only when it is needed and only in the quantities demanded by customers.Computer-integrated manufacturing is the automation of the

12、manufacturing environment. 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-9Customer Orientation2Firms are competing not only in terms of technology and manufacturing, but in the speed of deliver

13、y and response to deliver value to the customer.Companies must also satisfy the needs of internal customers, such as staff functions exist to support line functions.New Product DevelopmentManagement recognizes that a high proportion of production costs are committed during the development and design

14、 stage of a new product.The requirement to control cost encourages the use of target costing and activity-based management. 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-10Total Quality Managem

15、ent2Continual improvement and elimination of waste are the two foundation principles that govern a state of manufacturing excellence.A philosophy of total quality management, in which managers strive to create an environment that will enable organizations to manufacture perfect products, has replace

16、d the acceptable quality attitudes of the past. 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-11Time as a Competitive Element2Time is the crucial element in all phases of the value chain.Decrea

17、sing non-value-added time appears to go hand-in-hand with increasing quality.EfficiencyWhile quality and time are important, improving these dimensions without corresponding improvements in financial performance may be futile, if not fatal. 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scan

18、ned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-123Line positions are positions that have direct responsibility for the basic objectives of an organization.Staff positions are positions that are supportive in nature and have only indirect responsibility

19、for an organizations basic objectives. 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-133Partial Organizational Chart: Manufacturing Company 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not b

20、e scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The ControllerFinancial reportsSEC reportingTax planning and reportingPerformance reportingInternal auditingBudgeting Accounting systems and internal controlsThe TreasurerCollection of cashMonitoring of

21、 cash paymentsMonitors cash availabilityShort-term investmentsShort and long-term borrowingIssuing of capital stock1-143 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-153Planningis the detailed

22、 formulation of future actions to achieve a particular end. Planning requires setting objectives and identifying methods to achieve those objectives.Controlling is the managerial activity of monitoring a plans implementation and taking corrective action as needed.Feedback is information that can be

23、used to evaluate or correct the steps being taken to implement a plan. 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-163Continuous improvement is required in a dynamic environment if a firm is

24、to remain competitive or to establish a competitive advantage.Decision making is the process of choosing among competing alternatives 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-174Benefits o

25、f Ethical BehaviorCan create customer and employee loyaltyAvoid litigation costs 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-184Standards of Ethical Conduct for Management AccountantsCompetenceConfidentialityIntegrityCredibility 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-195C