(word完整版)(新)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1、1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在有了結(jié)果，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響。該時(shí)態(tài)還可表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它是一個(gè)把過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在密切聯(lián)系起來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have/has+過(guò)去分詞（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法：1） 表示（不確定的）過(guò)去發(fā)生（可能剛結(jié)束）的動(dòng)作（通常為短暫性動(dòng)詞），但它所造成的狀態(tài)目前依然存在，后面通常不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但句中常出現(xiàn)just, recently, lately, already, yet（用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句）等副詞。如：ive just finished reading the novel. 我剛剛讀完

2、這本小說(shuō)。have you seen the doctor yet? 你看過(guò)醫(yī)生了嗎？2） 表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（有可能到將來(lái)）（通常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞），常和for+時(shí)間段（for可以省略）或since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如：then/1998/five years ago/he left）, today, now, so far, up to now, up till now, this week/month/year, in/during/over/for the last/past few years/days等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： she has been a teacher

3、 for twenty years. 她已經(jīng)當(dāng)了20年的老師了。i havent seen justin since last friday night. 自上周五晚到現(xiàn)在我一直沒(méi)看到賈斯廷。3） 表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的反復(fù)性和習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常和always, often, from time to time, frequently, ever, never, seldom, before, once, times等表示頻度的副詞和短語(yǔ)連用。如：i have often/never heard her sing this song. 我經(jīng)常/從未聽(tīng)她唱這首歌。some villagers say t

4、hat they have seen ufos many times. 有些村民說(shuō)他們多次看到過(guò)飛碟。4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用于時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替將來(lái)完成時(shí), 此時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成。如：let wait until the rain stops/has stopped. 讓我們等到雨停了。if anyone has found a watch, would they please leave it on my desk? 如有人發(fā)現(xiàn)一塊手表，可否請(qǐng)他放在我桌上？i will write the letter when i have finished the book. 我看完這本書(shū)后就寫(xiě)信。5

5、）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用于某些固定句型中。如： “it/this/that is the first/secondtime +that從句”，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。bill is phoning his girlfriend again. thats the third time that hes phoned her this morning. 比爾又在給他女朋友打電話(huà)了。這已是他今天上午第三次給她打電話(huà)了。 “ is the +形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。he is the most diligent student that i have (ever) tau

6、ght 他是我教過(guò)的最勤奮的學(xué)生。 “it is +一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞）”。如：it is two years since he left the country. 他離開(kāi)這個(gè)國(guó)家已有兩年了。=he left the country two years ago.=he has been away from the country for two years. leave等短暫性動(dòng)詞必須改換成相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。成對(duì)的詞有：become-be; come/arrive-be here, go/leave-be away, return/get back-be ba

7、ck, die-be dead; join the army-serve in the army, marry-be married to, borrow-the book-keep the book, catch a cold-have a cold, start/begin-be on (開(kāi)始，進(jìn)行，放映)，end/finish/stop-be over, appear-be there, disappear-be gone, get lost-be missing（丟失）。2 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) (1) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)定義：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能剛停止，也

8、可能還在繼續(xù)（視上下文確定）?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞（3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：1） 表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)之中。它常和how long, for+時(shí)間段, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)及all the time, this week, all day/night, all the morning等連用。如：i havent been sleeping well since i returned home. 回到家以來(lái)我一直睡得不好。we have been looking at other poss

9、ibilities too, such as murder. 我們一直在調(diào)查其他的可能性，比如說(shuō)謀殺。2） 表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)。如： sorry, im late. have you been waiting long? 對(duì)不起，我遲到了。你等了很久了嗎？yes. ive been waiting for an hour. 是的，我等了一個(gè)小時(shí)了。3） 表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)期反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)多，動(dòng)作不一定持續(xù)）。如：he has been cycling to work for the last three weeks. 三周以來(lái)，他一直騎自行車(chē)上班。 w

10、eve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面。jim has been phoning jenny every night for the past week. 一周來(lái)吉姆每晚都給杰妮打電話(huà)。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：1） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身的持續(xù)性，不管動(dòng)作是否完成。如：i have read this novel. 我已讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō)。（可能剛讀過(guò)，也可能是很久以前讀的） i have been reading this novel. 我一直在讀

11、這本小說(shuō)。（不一定看完） 這種詞包括write, build, design, repair, clean等。2） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，詢(xún)問(wèn)或說(shuō)明已經(jīng)完成動(dòng)作的多少或次數(shù)，用how many times；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示持續(xù)的不間斷的動(dòng)作，詢(xún)問(wèn)或說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性（長(zhǎng)久），用how long。如：how many times have you visited egypt this month? 你本月訪(fǎng)問(wèn)過(guò)埃及幾次？how long have you been reading that book? 那本書(shū)你讀了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？3） 一些表示感情和情緒的詞，如：like, care (=

12、like), love, fear, hate, desire, mind, value, want, wish；表示精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如：agree, appreciate (=understand), believe, expect (=think), imagine, feel (=think), think, trust, forget, remember, know, mean, realize, recognize, doubt；感官動(dòng)詞，如：appear, look, seem, see, notice, observe, sound, hear, taste；狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：hav

13、e, belong, owe, own, possess, exist, last, contain, weigh, deserve等不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：theyve known each other since 1970. 自從1970年起他們就相互認(rèn)識(shí)了。4） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中可以用像never, yet, already和ever這樣的詞，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中不可以用這些詞。如：i have already been to london. 我已去過(guò)倫敦。 5） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的重復(fù)行動(dòng)有時(shí)可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示為連續(xù)的行動(dòng)。如： ive written

14、 six letters since breakfast. 早飯后我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了六封信。 ive been writing letters since breakfast. 早飯后我一直在寫(xiě)信。 i have knocked five times. i dont think anybody is in. 我已敲了5次門(mén)。我想屋里沒(méi)人。 i have been knocking, and i dont think anybody is in. 我一直在敲門(mén)。我想屋里沒(méi)人。6） 在表達(dá)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始現(xiàn)仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作時(shí)，某些動(dòng)詞因本身就有持續(xù)性，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（與for+時(shí)間段,或

15、since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)）均可，只是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。如：rain（下雨），snow（下雪），lie（躺），sit（坐），stand（站），sleep（睡覺(jué)），live（居住），stay（待，逗留），learn/study（學(xué)習(xí)），teach（教書(shū)），work（工作），wait（等待），expect（期待，盼望。等），hope（希望），want（想要）等。如：how long have you learnt/have you been learning english? 你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？單項(xiàng)填空: 從a、b、c、d四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. i _ the a

16、merican tv series prison break these days and i can finish watching within two days.a. have watched b. have been watching c. watch d. am watching2. if newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology. (2007天津卷)a. had discovered b. had been discovered c. has discovered d.

17、 has been discovered3. i got caught in the rain on the way home and my new suit_. (改編自2007北京卷)a. has ruined b. had ruined c. has been ruined d. had been ruined4. i have got a headache.no wonder. you in front of that computer too long. (2007江西卷)a. work b. are working c. have been working d. worked5.

18、when you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _. (2007 四川卷)a. have marked b. have been marked c. had marked d had been marked6. danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建卷)a. works b. is working c. has worked d. worked7. cathy is taking notes of the grammati

19、cal rules in class at sunshine school, where she _ english for a year. (2007湖南卷)a. studies b. studied c. is studying d. has been studying 8. -if the traffic hadnt been so heavy, i could have been back by 6 oclock. -what a pity! tina _ here to see you. (2005 湖南卷)a. is b. was c. would be d. has been 9

20、. have you got any job offers? no. i _. (2008遼寧卷)a. waited b. had been waiting c. have waited d. am waiting10. i like these english songs and they _many times on the radio. (2008安徽卷) a. taught b. have taught c. are taught d. have been taught11. do you think we should accept that offer? （2008江西卷）yes,

21、 we should, for we _such bad luck up till now, and time _ out.a. have had; is running b. had; is runningc. have; has been run d. have had; has been run12. -im sure andrew will win the first prize in the final. -i think so. he _ for it for months. （2008江蘇卷）a. is preparing b. was preparing c. had been

22、 preparing d. has been preparing13. are you going to attend the concert tonight? well, id like to, but i _ the ticket. a. didnt get b. hadnt got c. havent got d. cant get14. about 87.5% of the chinese people feel that their living burdens are heavier than ten years ago, but their incomes _. a. have

23、increased b. increase c. increased d. are increasing15. is the meeting held in room 302 or 303? it should be 302. but i hear that it _ till tomorrow. a. was put off b. will put off c. has been put off d. put off16. how long has this bookshop been in business? _ 1982, （nmet 1994） a. after b. in c. fr

24、om d. since17. -i am sorry to keep you waiting. -oh, not at all. i _ here only a few minutes. （nmet 1994） a. have been b. had been c. was d. will be18. you dont need to describe her. i _ her several times. （nmet 1995） a. had met b. have met c. met d. meet19. - _ the sports meet might be put off. - y

25、es, it all depends on the weather. （nmet 1995） a. ive been told b. ive told c. im told d. i told20. -_ my glasses? -yes, i saw them a minute ago on your bed. （nmet 1996） a. do you see b. had you seen c. would you see d. have you seen21. -who is jerry cooper? -_? i saw you shaking hands with him at t

26、he meeting. (nmet 1997) a. dont you meet him yet b. hadnt met him yet? c. didnt you meet him yet d. havent you met him yet22. -i havent heard from henry for a long time. -what do you suppose _ to him? (1997上海卷) a. was happening b. to happen c. has happened d. had happened23. -oh, its you! i _ you. -

27、ive just had my hair cut and im wearing new glasses. (1997上海卷) a. didnt recognize b. hadnt recognized c. havent recognized d. dont recognize24. -hi, tracy, you look tired. -i am tired. i _ the living room all day. (nmet 1998) a. painted b. had painted c. have been painting d. have painted25. -hey, l

28、ook where you are going! -oh, im terribly sorry. _. (nmet 1999) a. im not noticing b. i wasnt noticing c. i havent noticed d. i dont notice26. the price _, but i doubt whether it will remain so. (nmet 1999) a. went down b. will go down c. has gone down d. was going down 27. -how are you today? -oh,

29、i _ as ill as i do now for a long time. (nmet 2000) a. didnt feel b. wasnt feeling c. dont feel d. havent felt28. all the preparations for the task _, and we are ready to start. (nmet 2000春招) a. completed b. complete c. had been completed d. have been completed29. i wonder why jenny _to us recently.

30、 we should have heard from her by now. (nmet 2002) a. hasnt written b. doesnt write .c. wont write d. hadnt written30. john and i _friends for eight years. we first got to know each other at a christmas party. but we _ each other a couple of times before that. ( 2002春招) a. had been; have seen b. hav

31、e been; have seen c. had been; had seen d. have been; had seen31. all morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _.(nmet 2003) a. has grown b. is growing c. grew d. had grown32. millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of england

32、 last night. (2005重慶卷) a. has been caused b. had been caused c. will be caused d. will have been caused33. customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right change before leaving the shop. (2006重慶卷) a. will give b. have been given c. have given d. will be given 34. i _ in london for many years,

33、 but ive never regretted my final decision to move back to china. (2006 重慶卷) a. lived b. was living c. have lived d. had lived35. although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. (2006 江蘇卷) a. achieved b. has achieved c. will ach

34、ieve d. had achieved36. my cousin went to canada two years ago. he _ there for a few months and then went to america. (2006 江西卷) a. worked b. would work c. would be working d. has been working 37. i wont tell the student the answer to the maths problem until he _ on it for more than an hour. (2006 湖

35、北卷) a. has been working b. will have worked c. will have been working d. had worked38. it is said that the early european playing cards _ for entertainment and education. (2006 遼寧卷) a. were being designed b. have designed c. have been designed d. were designed39. -have you seen the movie “speed”? -yes, i _ it when i was at college. a. saw b. have seen c. would see d. had seen40. my father _ too much recently. he should smoke less for the benefit of his health. a. was smoking b. would smoke c. has been smoking d. had smoked 41.the old couple have been married for 40 years and