供應(yīng)鏈管理第三版Unit12習(xí)題與答案(最新整理)

1、chapter 12determining optimal level of product availabilitytrue/false1. the level of product availability is also referred to as the customer service level. answer: truedifficulty: easy2. a supply chain can use a high level of product availability to improve its responsiveness and attract customers.

2、answer: true difficulty: moderate3. a high level of product availability requires less inventory, which will keep costs down for the supply chain.answer: false difficulty: moderate4. a supply chain needs to achieve a balance between the level of availability and the cost of inventory that maximizes

3、supply chain revenues.answer: false difficulty: hard5. whether the optimal level of availability is high or low depends on where a particular company believes they can maximize profits.answer: true difficulty: moderate6. the cost of overselling is denoted by co and is the loss incurred by a firm for

4、 each unsold unit at the end of the selling season.answer: false difficulty: easy7. the cost of understocking is denoted by cu and is the margin lost by a firm for each lost sale because there is no inventory on hand.answer: true difficulty: moderate8. the cost of underselling is a key factor that i

5、nfluences the optimal level of product availability.answer: false difficulty: moderate9. the costs of overstocking and understocking have a direct impact on both the optimal cycle service level and profitability.answer: truedifficulty: easy10. as the ratio of the cost of overstocking to the cost of

6、understocking gets smaller, the optimal level of product availability decreases.answer: false difficulty: hard11. with reduced demand uncertainty, a supply chain manager can better match supply and demand by reducing both overstocking and understocking. answer: truedifficulty: moderate12. an increas

7、e in forecast accuracy increases both the overstocked and understocked quantity and decreases a firms profits.answer: false difficulty: easy13. supply chain managers are able to increase their forecast accuracy as lead times decrease, which allows them to better match supply with demand and increase

8、 supply chain profitability.answer: true difficulty: easy14. if quick response allows multiple orders in the season, profits increase and the overstock quantity increases.answer: false difficulty: hard15. quick response results in the manufacturer making a lower profit in the short term if all else

9、is unchanged.answer: true difficulty: hard16. there is a cost associated with postponement because the production cost using postponement is typically lower than the production cost without it.answer: false difficulty: easy17. postponement is valuable for a firm that sells a large variety of product

10、s with demand that is independent and comparable in size.answer: true difficulty: moderate18. postponement may increase overall profits for a firm if a single product contributes the majority of the demand because the increased manufacturing expense due to postponement outweighs the small benefit th

11、at aggregation provides in this case.answer: false difficulty: hard19. tailored postponement allows a firm to increase its profitability by only postponing the uncertain part of the demand and producing the predictable part at a lower cost without postponement.answer: true difficulty: moderate20. in

12、 tailored sourcing, firms use a combination of two supply sources, one focusing on cost and able to handle uncertainty well, and the other focusing on flexibility to handle uncertainty, but at a higher cost.answer: false difficulty: moderate21. tailored sourcing may be volume-based or product-based

13、depending on the source of uncertainty.answer: true difficulty: easy22. in volume-based tailored sourcing, the predictable part of a products demand is produced at a flexible facility, whereas the uncertain portion is produced at an efficient facility.answer: false difficulty: moderate23. in product

14、-based tailored sourcing, low-volume products with uncertain demand are obtained from a flexible source, while high-volume products with less demand uncertainty are obtained from an efficient source.answer: true difficulty: easy24. a contract may contain specifications regarding quantity, price, tim

15、e, and quality. answer: truedifficulty: easy25. double marginalization refers to the fact that the total supply chain is divided between the manufacturer and the retailer.answer: true difficulty: moderate26. manufacturers can use buy-back contracts to increase their own profits as well as total supp

16、ly chain profits.answer: true difficulty: moderate27. buybacks encourage retailers to increase the level of product availability. answer: truedifficulty: easy28. revenue sharing with a lower wholesale price allows retailers but not manufacturers to increase their profit.answer: false difficulty: mod

17、erate29. revenue sharing encourages retailers to increase the level of product availability. answer: truedifficulty: easy30. manufacturers can use contracts with quantity flexibility to increase their own profits at the expense of total supply chain profits.answer: false difficulty: easy31. with ven

18、dor-managed inventory (vmi), the control of the replenishment decision moves to the manufacturer instead of the retailer.answer: true difficulty: easy32. vmi can allow a manufacturer to increase their profits as well as profits for the entire supply chain by increasing some of the effects of double

19、marginalization. answer: falsedifficulty: easymultiple choice1. the level of product availabilitya. is also referred to as the customer service level.b. is an important component of any supply chains responsiveness.c. increases revenues for the supply chain by increasing sales.d. all of the above ar

20、e true.e. only a and b are true. answer: edifficulty: hard2. a supply chain can use a high level of product availability toa. improve its responsiveness and attract customers.b. reduce costs for the supply chain by reducing inventories.c. increase revenues for the supply chain by increasing sales.d.

21、 all of the above are true.e. only a and c are true. answer: edifficulty: easy3. a high level of product availability requiresa. large inventories and tends to raise costs for the supply chain.b. large inventories and tends to reduce costs for the supply chain.c. small inventories and tends to raise

22、 costs for the supply chain.d. small inventories and tends to reduce costs for the supply chain.e. none of the aboveanswer: a difficulty: easy4. a supply chain needs to achieve a balance between the level of availability and the cost of inventory thata. maximizes supply chain revenues.b. minimizes s

23、upply chain costs.c. maximizes supply chain profitability.d. maximizes supply chain availability.e. all of the above answer: cdifficulty: moderate5. whether the optimal level of product availability is high or low depends on where a particular company believes they cana. minimize cost.b. maximize re

24、venue.c. maximize profits.d. maximize product availability.e. all of the above answer: cdifficulty: moderate6. the key factors that influence the optimal level of product availability do notincludea. the cost of overstocking the product.b. the cost of stocking the product.c. the cost of understockin

25、g the product.d. all of the above are key factors.e. none of the above are key factors. answer: bdifficulty: moderate7. the loss incurred by a firm for each unsold unit at the end of the selling season isa. the cost of overstocking the product.b. the cost of stocking the product.c. the cost of under

26、stocking the product.d. the cost of overselling the product.e. the cost of underselling the product. answer: adifficulty: moderate8. the margin lost by a firm for each lost sale because there is no inventory on hand isa. the cost of overstocking the product.b. the cost of stocking the product.c. the

27、 cost of understocking the product.d. the cost of overselling the product.e. the cost of underselling the product. answer: cdifficulty: moderate9. the margin lost from current as well as future sales if the customer does not return should be included ina. the cost of overstocking the product.b. the

28、cost of stocking the product.c. the cost of understocking the product.d. the cost of overselling the product.e. the cost of underselling the product. answer: cdifficulty: moderate10. which of the following is not a situation involving the trade-off between the cost of overstocking and the cost of un

29、derstocking?a. seasonal products where all leftover items must be disposed of at the end of the seasonb. continuously stocked items where demand during stockout is backloggedc. continuously stocked items where demand during stockout is lostd. continuously stocked items where demand during stockout i

30、s redirectede. none of the above answer: ddifficulty: moderate11. the costs of overstocking and understocking have a direct impact ona. the optimal cycle service level but not profitability.b. profitability but not the optimal cycle service level.c. both the optimal cycle service level and profitabi

31、lity.d. neither the optimal cycle service level or profitability.e. the optimal cycle service level and an indirect impact on profitability. answer: cdifficulty: moderate12. which of the following is not a managerial lever to increase profitability?a. increasing the salvage value of each unitb. decr

32、easing the margin lost from a stockoutc. reducing demand uncertaintyd. reducing the level of product availability below optimale. increasing forecast accuracy answer: ddifficulty: moderate13. which of the following would be a strategy to increase the salvage value of an unsold product?a. discarding

33、the unused materialb. selling unsold product to an outlet storec. keeping the product in inventory until it sellsd. reduce the level of cycle inventorye. none of the above answer: bdifficulty: easy14. which of the following would be a strategy to decrease the margin lost in a stockout?a. arranging f

34、or backup sourcingb. discarding the unused materialc. selling unsold product to an outlet stored. reduce the level of cycle inventorye. none of the above answer: adifficulty: moderate15. as the ratio of the cost of overstocking to the cost of understocking gets smaller,a. the optimal level of produc

35、t availability becomes irrelevant.b. the optimal level of product availability decreases.c. the optimal level of product availability remains stable.d. the optimal level of product availability increases.e. none of the above answer: ddifficulty: hard16. which of the following is not an approach to r

36、educe the uncertainty of demand?a. tailored sourcingb. quick responsec. postponementd. improved forecastinge. decreased margin answer: edifficulty: moderate17. with reduced demand uncertainty, a supply chain manager cana. increase both overstocking and understocking.b. increase overstocking and redu

37、ce understocking.c. reduce overstocking and increase understocking.d. reduce both overstocking and understocking.e. none of the above answer: ddifficulty: easy18. a company that uses better market intelligence and collaboration to reduce demand uncertainty is making use ofa. tailored sourcing.b. qui

38、ck response.c. postponement.d. improved forecasting.e. decreased margin. answer: ddifficulty: moderate19. a company that reduces replenishment lead time so that multiple orders may be placed in the selling season is making use ofa. tailored sourcing.b. quick response.c. postponement.d. improved fore

39、casting.e. decreased margin. answer: bdifficulty: moderate20. a company with multiple products, that chooses to delay product differentiation until closer to the point of sale, is usinga. tailored sourcing.b. quick response.c. postponement.d. improved forecasting.e. decreased margin. answer: cdiffic

40、ulty: moderate21. a company that uses a more expensive short lead time supplier as a backup for a low cost, long lead time supplier is usinga. tailored sourcing.b. quick response.c. postponement.d. improved forecasting.e. decreased margin. answer: adifficulty: moderate22. an increase in forecast acc

41、uracya. decreases both the overstocked and understocked quantity and decreases a firms profits.b. decreases both the overstocked and understocked quantity and increases a firms profits.c. increases both the overstocked and understocked quantity and decreases a firms profits.d. increases both the ove

42、rstocked and understocked quantity and increases a firms profits.e. none of the above answer: bdifficulty: moderate23. supply chain managers are able toa. increase their forecast accuracy as lead times increase.b. increase their forecast accuracy as lead times decrease.c. decrease their forecast acc

43、uracy as lead times decrease.d. decrease their forecast accuracy as lead times increase.e. a product is received into stock at a store. answer: bdifficulty: moderate24. as lead times decrease, supply chain managers are able toa. better match supply with demand.b. better match demand with supply.c. i

44、ncrease supply chain cost.d. decrease product availability.e. none of the above answer: adifficulty: moderate25. which of the following is not a consequence of being able to place a second order during the season for a seasonal product?a. the expected total quantity ordered during the season with tw

45、o orders is less.b. the average overstock to be disposed of at the end of the sales season is less.c. the profits are higher.d. the average inventory level is higher.e. none of the above answer: ddifficulty: moderate26. as the total quantity for the season is broken up into multiple smaller orders,

46、the buyer is better able toa. match supply and demand and increase cost.b. match supply and demand and increase profitability.c. match supply and demand and decrease profitability.d. match supply and demand and decrease product availability.e. none of the above answer: bdifficulty: moderate27. if qu

47、ick response allows multiple orders in the season,a. profits decrease and the overstock quantity decreases.b. profits decrease and the overstock quantity increases.c. profits increase and the overstock quantity decreases.d. profits increase and the overstock quantity increases.e. none of the above a

48、nswer: cdifficulty: moderate28. quick response is clearly advantageous toa. a distributor in the supply chain.b. a retailer in the supply chain.c. a manufacturer in the supply chain.d. every step in the supply chain.e. none of the above answer: bdifficulty: hard29. quick response results ina. the ma

49、nufacturer making a lower profit in the long term if all else is unchanged.b. the manufacturer making a lower profit in the short term if all else is unchanged.c. the retailer making a lower profit in the short term if all else is unchanged.d. the distributor making a lower profit in the short term

50、if all else is unchanged.e. none of the above answer: bdifficulty: moderate30. there is a cost associated with postponement because the production cost using postponement is typicallya. higher than the production cost without it.b. lower than the production cost without it.c. very stable.d. equal to

51、 the production cost without it.e. none of the above answer: adifficulty: easy31. postponement is valuable for a firm thata. sells a large variety of products with demand that is dependent and comparable in size.b. sells a large variety of products with demand that is independent and comparable in s

52、ize.c. sells a small variety of products with demand that is dependent and comparable in size.d. sells a small variety of products with demand that is independent and comparable in size.e. focuses on processes that are internal to the firm. answer: bdifficulty: hard32. postponement isa. not very eff

53、ective if a large fraction of demand comes from multiple products.b. not very effective if a small fraction of demand comes from a single product.c. only effective if a large fraction of demand comes from a single product.d. effective even if a large fraction of demand comes from a single product.e.

54、 none of the above answer: bdifficulty: hard33. when a firm uses production with postponement to satisfy a part of its demand with the rest being satisfied without postponement, it is usinga. adjustable postponement.b. flexible postponement.c. managed postponement.d. tailored postponement.e. none of

55、 the above answer: ddifficulty: moderate34. under tailored postponement, a firm produces the amount that is very likely to sell usinga. the lower cost production method with postponement and produces the portion of demand that is uncertain using postponement.b. the lower cost production method witho

56、ut postponement and produces the portion of demand that is uncertain using postponement.c. the higher cost production method with postponement and produces the portion of demand that is uncertain using postponement.d. the higher cost production method without postponement and produces the portion of

57、 demand that is uncertain using postponement.e. all of the above are accurate. answer: bdifficulty: moderate35. in tailored sourcing, firms use a combination of two supply sources,a. one focusing on cost but unable to handle uncertainty well, and the other focusing on flexibility to handle uncertainty, but at a higher cost.b. one focusing on cost and able to handle uncertainty well, and the other focusing on f