workthelandGrammar

1、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式是在動(dòng)詞末尾加形式是在動(dòng)詞末尾加 -ing，屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：do-doing, write-writing, sit-sitting, etc. 否定形式：否定形式：not + v-ing 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成2. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可形式作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可稱為動(dòng)名詞。稱為動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ) 1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的或泛形式作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的或泛指的動(dòng)作指的動(dòng)作, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Reading aloud is very

2、 important for us to learn a foreign language. Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.2. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常后置形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常后置, 用用it作形作形式主語(yǔ)，用形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)。常見式主語(yǔ)，用形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)。常見的作表語(yǔ)的名詞或短語(yǔ)有：的作表語(yǔ)的名詞或短語(yǔ)有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time等

3、。如：等。如：Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her? Its no good waiting here. Lets go home. It was a waste of time reading that book.3. “There is + no”后可以用動(dòng)詞后可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式作主語(yǔ)，表示作主語(yǔ)，表示“沒法沒法”。如：。如：There was no telling when this might happen again. 沒法預(yù)料這樣的事什么時(shí)候會(huì)再發(fā)生。沒法預(yù)料這樣的事什么時(shí)候會(huì)再發(fā)生。There was no knowing what

4、he could do. 他能做什么很難說。他能做什么很難說。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)形式作賓語(yǔ) 1. 有些動(dòng)詞如有些動(dòng)詞如admit, avoid, consider, escape, deny, risk, suggest等后能接等后能接動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能接動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：詞不定式。如：Were considering paying a visit to the Science Museum. 2. 有些短語(yǔ)如有些短語(yǔ)如cant help, be used to, end up, feel like, lead to, be busy, be tir

5、ed of, be fond of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, put off, keep on, insist on, be good at, give up等后常接名詞、等后常接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。如：形式作賓語(yǔ)。如：I have been used to living here. Im fond of collecting stamps and coins. 3. need, require, want作作“需要需要”解時(shí)解時(shí), 后接動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)形式作賓語(yǔ), 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式表示被

6、動(dòng)意義表示被動(dòng)意義, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于to be done。如：如： The radio needs / requires / wants repairing / to be repaired. 常跟動(dòng)詞常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停能賞，否認(rèn)完成停能賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon admit, delay / put o

7、ff, fancy avoid, miss, keep /keep on, practise deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate cant help, mind, allow/ permit, escape forbid, risk, imagine 注意注意 1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指在動(dòng)詞形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指在動(dòng)詞-ing形式前面加上邏輯主語(yǔ)來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作形式前面加上邏輯主語(yǔ)來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該邏輯主語(yǔ)常為的執(zhí)行者，該邏輯主語(yǔ)常為形容詞性形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格物主代詞或名詞所有格；當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)；當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)不出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)，可用人稱代詞的

8、賓不出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)，可用人稱代詞的賓格代替形容詞性物主代詞或用名詞普格代替形容詞性物主代詞或用名詞普通格代替名詞的所有格。如：通格代替名詞的所有格。如：Im annoyed about Johns forgetting to pay.I really cant understand you treating her like that. 2. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面形式的否定形式是在其前面加加not，帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)not應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞-ing形式之前。如：形式之前。如：Not cleaning his teeth made him smell bad.Your

9、 schoolmates not coming home in time made her parents worried.需要注意的問題：需要注意的問題：以下的動(dòng)詞后面加以下的動(dòng)詞后面加動(dòng)詞的不定式動(dòng)詞的不定式作賓作賓語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)：decide, hope, expect, seem, agree, afford, arrange, choose, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣：常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣：三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)，三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)，兩個(gè)要

10、求莫拒絕兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕,設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定,不要假裝在選擇。不要假裝在選擇。hope; wish; want; agree; promisedemand; ask; refusemanage; learn; decide pretend; choose 想要拒絕命令，想要拒絕命令，需要努力學(xué)習(xí)需要努力學(xué)習(xí),期望同意幫助，期望同意幫助，希望決定開始。希望決定開始。want; refuse; order need; try; learn expect; agree; help hope; wish; decide; begin; start 以下的動(dòng)詞后面既可接動(dòng)詞的不定式以下的動(dòng)詞后面

11、既可接動(dòng)詞的不定式又可以接動(dòng)詞的又可以接動(dòng)詞的ing作賓語(yǔ)：作賓語(yǔ)：hate, love, prefer, remember, forget, regret, like, try, stop, begin, start 既跟動(dòng)詞既跟動(dòng)詞-ing又接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣又接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣:雙方一旦開始，不論喜歡與否，都得繼雙方一旦開始，不論喜歡與否，都得繼續(xù)下去。續(xù)下去。不管記住與否，努力打算停止，后悔三不管記住與否，努力打算停止，后悔三個(gè)需要。個(gè)需要。begin, start, like, prefer, hate, dislike, continueremember, forget

12、, try, mean, stop, regret, want, need, require 從從 A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)。 1. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having hadC. Have D. HavingD2. The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to

13、camp out during the trip.A. sleep B. to sleepC. sleeping D. having sleptC3. How I regret _ so much time in the net bar! I should have studied harder.A. to waste B. wasting C. wasted D. being wastedB1. Lydia doesnt feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old. (四川四川 2011) A. study B. studying C. studied D

14、. to study2. Planning so far ahead _ no sense so many things will have changed by next year. (2011新課標(biāo)全新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷國(guó)卷) A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made3. I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (陜西陜西2009) A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 4. Bill suggested _ a

15、 meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (上海上海2009) A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 5. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _ better ones of your own. (北京北京2008) A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced6. It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without a