英語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)PPT課件

1、 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech引語(yǔ)的概念引語(yǔ)的概念直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引述別人的原話，叫 _;_;直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ) 用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來(lái)，叫用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來(lái)，叫 _。間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)通常都用直接引語(yǔ)通常都用_括起來(lái)，括起來(lái)， 引號(hào)引號(hào)“ ” “ ” 直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ) 就是寫(xiě)成就是寫(xiě)成賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句Direct Speech直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ) Indirect Speech間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)She said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a

2、 bus.”She said, “I visited Europe last year.”She said she liked singing.She said she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before. 直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句, ,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)用變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句. .用用say(to me),tell, say(to me),tell, think, wish , hope, see, believe, think, wish , hope,

3、 see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feelagree, expect, hear , feel引述引述。連。連詞詞thatthat只起連接作用，不做句子成分，只起連接作用，不做句子成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，常被省略也無(wú)詞匯意義，常被省略。從句中的。從句中的人人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、稱、時(shí)態(tài)、等相應(yīng)變化等相應(yīng)變化. .、人稱的變化、人稱的變化一一隨隨主主二隨賓二隨賓第三第三人稱人稱不變不變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間接引后與主稱變間接引后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱保句主語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主稱變間引后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱保句賓語(yǔ)的人稱保持一

4、致持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱在變間引后人稱不變稱不變She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said toLily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)間接

5、引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 任何時(shí)態(tài)任何時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.注注: : 直引若是客觀真理直引若是客觀真理, ,變?yōu)殚g引時(shí)變?yōu)殚g引時(shí), ,時(shí)態(tài)不變時(shí)態(tài)不變. .時(shí)態(tài)變化2 22021/6/217賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1)如果主句的

6、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如： He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.2)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。 The children didnt know who he was.3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun

7、.老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示指示代詞代詞 時(shí)時(shí) 間間 狀狀 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 方向性動(dòng)詞方向性動(dòng)詞 this, these that, those now then today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before tomorrow the next/following daynext month the next/ following month here there come, bring go, take情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ca

8、n, may, must could,might,had to 解題步驟解題步驟: :1.1.陳述句陳述句“I dont like computers,” Sandy said to her friends.Sandy said to her friends that I dont like computers.saiddidntsheSandy said to her friends that she didnt like computers.2021/6/21101“I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “I

9、have found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.4. “You must come here before five.” he said.5. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”6. “Im gla

10、d to get your e-mail.” He said to me . 直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把疑問(wèn)直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)檎Z(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序陳述語(yǔ)序。用。用askask引述，直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑引述，直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句問(wèn)句, ,用用if 或或 whether 連接連接“是否是否”Whether,if ”Whether,if 在從在從句中不做成分，一般情況下，句中不做成分，一般情況下，whetherwhether和和if if 可以替換?？梢蕴鎿Q。在在介詞介詞之后用之后用whetherwhether. .：Everything depends on Eve

11、rything depends on whetherwhether we have enough money we have enough money。在具有選擇意義，與在具有選擇意義，與or notor not連用時(shí)，往往用連用時(shí)，往往用whetherwhether例：例：I dont know I dont know whetherwhether the movie star will the movie star will come come or not.or not. 2.2.一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句: :Is it easy to work out the problem?( They

12、 asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to work out the problem.it is easy to work out the problem.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.2021/6/2113直接引語(yǔ)是直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句, ,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí), ,仍仍用用原來(lái)原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞的疑問(wèn)詞作連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。作連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。由由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞who,whom,whose, what, which,

13、和連接副詞和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序，無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序，無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，3.3.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat

14、.harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.2021/6/21151. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.2. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _3.Do you go to school on foot? I said to Mike. 4.Is your mother a worker? She asked me. 5.Does

15、 Mary study hard? He wants to know. 6. He asked, “How do you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ it.7.“Where are you these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _these days. 直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)，直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不，并在動(dòng)詞不定前加定前加tell, ask, order , advise等動(dòng)等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。詞的賓語(yǔ)。注意：注意：否定句，在動(dòng)

16、詞不定式前加否定句，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not或或never. .Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechThe policeman ordered us to be quiet.The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”The teacher told the boy to open the window The teacher said to the boy ,”O(jiān)pen the window .”2021/6/2118賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果賓語(yǔ)果賓語(yǔ)從句

17、的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用時(shí)，可以用“疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+不定式不定式”做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。句結(jié)構(gòu)。例例He didnt know where he would live. He didnt know where to live.2021/6/21191. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat d

18、ayExercise II2021/6/21202. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 2021/6/21213. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week2021/6/21224. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C.