閱讀還原技巧點撥

1、閱讀還原技巧點撥1、 題型特點在近兩年各省中考試題閱讀理解中，出現(xiàn)了這樣一種題型閱讀還原。閱讀還原類題目常見的形式：在一段200300詞的短文中留出四、五個空白，要求考生從所給的五個或六個選項中選出正確答案，補全短文，使短文意思通順、前后連貫。這類題目中空白處需填的選項常常是表示過渡、總結(jié)或轉(zhuǎn)折性的句子，段首段尾一般不留空，并且做錯一題很可能導(dǎo)致全盤皆輸。二、考核內(nèi)容縱觀各選項與文中空白，此題型主要考查：1、 細節(jié)與細節(jié)的關(guān)系：一般空白出現(xiàn)在文章中間，主要考文中句子與句子之間的關(guān)系。2、主題與細節(jié)的關(guān)系：答案線索一般就在挖空的那一段中尋找。3、大主題與小主題的關(guān)系：一般需要通讀全文尋找答案，首

2、先必須明確文章大意。三、技巧點撥解答閱讀還原題的關(guān)鍵在于理解文章大意，理清邏輯關(guān)系，研究選項內(nèi)容。即“讀懂文章、讀懂邏輯、讀懂選項”。1、讀懂文章。如果是記敘文，在通讀全文后應(yīng)了解故事的主人公、主要情節(jié)以及故事的發(fā)展過程；如果是說明文，就要弄清楚文章的說明對象、說明順序；議論文則要明確作者的論點及如何論證論點。2、讀懂邏輯。明確文章的大體內(nèi)容后，首先要理清文章的邏輯關(guān)系。 例如：記敘文通常以時間的發(fā)展為線索，說明文往往以“總分總”或“并列式”的結(jié)構(gòu)來說明問題，而議論文常以“總分”或“分總”的形式出現(xiàn)。作者把某句放在它所在的位置一定是有道理的，通常是不能隨意更改的；其次要弄清各段之間是如何過渡、

3、如何照應(yīng)的，又是如何形成一個有機整體的。文章中的起始句、過渡句、結(jié)尾句以及各段的主旨句尤為重要，它們即“路標句”。找到了路標，題目做起來就會簡單很多。3、讀懂選項。有的同學會困惑，看似凌亂的選項該如何讀懂？其實快速解決這類題目的秘訣就在于讀懂選項。選項中通常會出現(xiàn)兩種句子，一種是支撐文章的細節(jié)句，一種是概括文章的主題句。細節(jié)句使文章更加豐富，使故事情節(jié)更流暢；主題句讓讀者快速了解主旨，輔助讀者閱讀，通常與文章的細節(jié)無直接聯(lián)系。因此，在瀏覽完選項后，考生應(yīng)該在心中大致分類，哪一句是細節(jié)句，哪一句是主題句。這樣，對它們的大致位置也可以做到心中有數(shù)了。做好分類工作后，我們要細讀選項，找出各句的關(guān)鍵詞

4、（常常是表示指代性的詞），然后確定它們在文中的指代。這些關(guān)鍵詞將成為路標，與上下文一一對應(yīng)。如：(2012 廣西桂林)earth hour started in sydney on march 31, 2007. it calls on families and buildings to turn off the lights from 20:30 to 21:30 on the last saturday night of march. 66 a year later, on march 29, earth hour 2008 became a global activity and was

5、 supported by 50 million people from thirty-five countries. on march 28, 2010 over 2100 cities in another eight countries took part in it. 67in 2012 in china, there were many cities taking part in this activity, especially some large cities, such as beijing, shanghai. many citizens consciously (有意識地

6、) turned off lights in the hour. 68 in colleges some students held some activities to make all the students leave their dormitories.in was 20:30, beijing time. 69 in shanghai some people were taking a walk with their families or friends. and in ningbo some young people were holding a party in a park

7、, singing and dancing. 70earth hour has a variety of activities, but the final goal is the same, that is focusing on (聚焦) climate change and protecting the environment for individuals.請根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容，從下列五個選項中選擇適當?shù)木渥舆€原到短文中，使短文完整與正確。 將其標號在答題卡上涂黑。（每小題2分，共10分）a. the people from the three cities felt very relaxe

8、d.b. in 2007 more than 2.2 million homes and businesses turned off their lights.c. and without lights, they could also enjoy themselves.d. some people in beijing were having a nice talk with their friends.e. earth hour came to china on that day, too.【解析】1、讀懂文章。本文是一篇說明文，簡單介紹了“地球一小時”的誕生及發(fā)展，重點提到中國的一些大城

9、市，如北京、上海、寧波等，對此活動作出的積極響應(yīng)。2、讀懂邏輯。了解文章大意后，縱觀全文可知，本文是按照“總分總”的結(jié)構(gòu)來說明“地球一小時”這個活動的。第一段綜述“地球一小時”這一活動的誕生以及隨后的發(fā)展。從時間順序上可知，66空應(yīng)該選b；67空應(yīng)該選e，作為一個過渡句，它起到承上啟下的作用；第二、三段分述中國各地參與此活動的情況以及在熄燈后采取的各種休閑方式，故可推知68空需填c，因為上文提到熄燈這一舉措；69空選d，上文提到北京，接下來就講到北京熄燈后人們的活動，聯(lián)系下文上海熄燈后人們的活動也可判斷出答案；70空選a，作為對此段的總結(jié)。3、讀懂選項。先看5個空的位置，67和70 兩個空在段

10、末，66、68、69三個空在段落中間。認真閱讀5個選項后，發(fā)現(xiàn)a句為概括性的主題句，e為承上啟下的過渡句，而b、c、d三個句子是細節(jié)句，是對文章內(nèi)容的說明和補充?！敬鸢福篵ecda】如：（2012 吉林）i met rose, my new classmate on the first day of college. to my surprise, she was already 87 years old. why are you in college at such a young age?” i joked. im here to meet a rich man, get married,

11、 have two children, and then retire and travel,” she answered. (81) _like young students, rose was outgoing, kind and helpful. (82) _ soon, she became a superstar in our college.at the end of the term, rose was invited to give us a speech. i will never forget what she said to us, there are only four

12、 secrets to staying young and achieving success.”first, you have to laugh and find humor (幽默感) every day. then, you need to have a dream. (83) _ next, find any chance to change yourself. finally, people shouldnt have regrets (遺憾) for things they didnt do.”(84) _ over 2,000 students went to her funer

13、al (葬禮) to express their love to the wonderful woman.the great woman didnt live in this world any longer, but she gave us an unforgettable lesson in life. that is (85) _ dont you think so?從方框內(nèi)選擇適當?shù)木渥友a全短文，使短文意思通順，結(jié)構(gòu)完整。a. when you lose your dream, you die.b. she always had friends around her.c. never

14、too old to learn.d. one week after she finished her college, she died in her sleep peacefully.e. both of us laughed, because we knew what she said wasnt true.【解析】第一步：通讀全文，了解故事的情節(jié)及發(fā)展。本文是一篇記敘文，講述了我的大學新同學87歲的老太太rose，樂觀、善良、幽默的性格讓她很受同學們歡迎。她的演講告訴大家保持年輕，獲取成功的四大秘訣：笑對每一天；擁有夢想；改變自己；不留遺憾。她給我們留下了寶貴的精神財富：活到老學到老。

15、第二步：讀選項，將選項分類，先易后難。主題句：c選項。細節(jié)句：a、b、d、e選項。分類后，很容易確定c項是放在第85空。它總結(jié)全文，是對主人公的生活理念的詮釋，也是這篇文章的升華總結(jié)。第三步：找出各句關(guān)鍵詞，對應(yīng)原文確定選項。a. when you lose your dream, you die.b. she always had friends around her.d. one week after she finished her college, she died in her sleep peacefully.e. both of us laughed, because we kn

16、ew what she said wasnt true.劃出關(guān)鍵詞后，再把它們放到文章中看一看，對應(yīng)上下文，很容易就能找到答案，因為文章有明顯提示：81題，由老太太的話，87歲要結(jié)婚生孩子可以判斷選e。82題，根據(jù)本段第一句的outgoing, kind, helpful和下句的superstar可知她有很多朋友，故選b。83題，由上句you need have a dream可推出此項選a。84題，根據(jù)下句的葬禮一詞很容易推斷出老人過世，故選d。第四步: 復(fù)讀文章，仔細檢查。完成后將選項全部放入文章的空白處，再次檢查邏輯性與連貫性,確認無誤。【答案：ebadc】閱讀還原模擬訓(xùn)練passage

17、 1do you have the problem of “in one ear and out the other”? cant hold anything in your memory? here are some tips on how to deal with the problem.take exercise. when you exercise, your body takes in more oxygen (氧氣). . oxygen makes your brain active. _1_2_ tell yourself that you want to learn what

18、you need to remember. if you keep thinking about how bad your memory is, your brain will not be active. think positive! try to be more relaxed._3_if you want your memory to improve, try to be more cheerful.good sleeping habits are important. _4_if you dont have enough sleep, you will be tired and un

19、able to concentrate during the day._5_try to take more vitamins (維生素), like b vitamins, especially b6, b12, and folic acid (葉酸). they protect neurons (神經(jīng)細胞) and make red blood cells (細胞) with oxygen. these nutrients are in spinach (菠菜) and other dark leafy greens, broccoli, strawberries, melons, bla

20、ck beans and soybeans (大豆).a. sleep helps your memory.b. some foods can also help.c. be active and have a positive attitude.d. it makes brain chemicals more active and helps protect brain cells.e. scientists have found that stress makes it difficult for people to concentrate.passage 2it is often sai

21、d that learning a new language can open up another world. _1_english is the most widely spoken foreign language in the world. _2_ a recent survey found that britons are the worst language learners in europe.it found that just one-third of those asked were able to speak a second language._3_children

22、spend an hour a week learning the language. some schools go on a day trip to france to practice speaking. when children reach high school, they continue their french studies.they are also given the chance to learn german (德語).in certain schools, children also learn latin. this language is no longer

23、spoken, but many english words and structures (結(jié)構(gòu)) come from it. _4_most children in britain do not enjoy learning languages. _5_ also, because so many speak english, many british children think they dont need to bother (煩惱) learning a second language.a. thats why british people are lazy when it com

24、es to learning new languages.b. in britain, children begin learning to speak french in junior school.c. you are able to talk with new people, explore a new culture and understand a new way of life.d. so we can say that having a good knowledge of latin helps improve ones english.e. they think they ar

25、e more difficult and less fun than other subjects.passage 3wc, toilet, lavatory, bathroom, restroom, john english has many words for the little room we all have to go to every day. _1_in the us, you will get where you need to go if you ask where the “bathroom” is. if youre in a shopping mall, you sh

26、ould ask directions to the “restroom”. _2_it comes from the name of the 19th century british man who invented the flush toilet (沖水馬桶).in britain the most commonly used words are “toilet” and “bathroom”. _3_a public toilet is a “public convenience”. you often used to see the words “l(fā)adies” and “gentl

27、emen” above the entries to public toilets, but “men” and “women” are more common now.australians say “l(fā)oo”. it is also quite popular in the uk. canadians use the word “can”. new zealanders “bog”, and south africans “want (to) go to the bathroom”._4_well, its from the french “toilette” to wash yourse

28、lf.people from english-speaking countries also use some witty (智慧的) words. for example, “throne” (王座) to describe the toilet and “throne room” for the bathroom.a. “wc”, which stands for “water closet”, and “l(fā)avatory”, are also used.b. here are some of the words that are used in different countries.c

29、 americans also use the word “john”.d. toilet is considered to be a more common expression.e. where does the word toilet itself come from?passage 4we eat pastas almost every day, especially at lunch. italian “noodles” are different from chinese noodles. italians cook food so deliciously that youll w

30、ant to eat the plate. i like sauces made with tomato and bacon._1_italian people make pastas that look like shells, bows, ribbons, flowers and many other shapes to hold sauces better._2_it can be red, green or black, with vegetables, spices, eggs or man-made colouring in it.sauce is important in ser

31、ving pasta. _3_people use not only pork or vegetables, as you do with chinese noodles, but also cream (奶油), olives (橄欖) and seafood!it is said that there are more than 500 kinds of italian pasta. _4_you cook chinese noodles and italian pasta similarly (相似地), except that you let the water go before m

32、ixing the pasta with sauce.if youre not sure whether pasta is done, just throw a piece at the wall. if it sticks (粘住), its time to prepare plates!a. but if you add different sauces, the number could be more than 1,000.b. italian pasta comes in a large number of forms, not just long strands (細條).c. d

33、elicious pasta has made italian kids the fattest in europe.d. some say its the sauce that makes italian pasta special.e. pasta also comes in different colors.passage 5bread is certainly the oldest staple food in many parts of the world. mainly its made of wheat.people grind up (磨碎) wheat to make flour. then they add water to the flour to make dough (生面團). _1_most people dont make t