人教版高二英語選修七Unit3-Grammar精編版

1、Learning aims1.Revise the passive voice of v-ing.2.Master the forms and the functions.3.Be able to use freely in the exercises.Can you find the following sentence in the reading passage？ 1 I had already heard that George didnt like being kept waiting. 2 I could see a whale being attacked by a pack o

2、f about six other killers. 3 Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. 4 I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.V-ing形式的被動式形式的被動式 Tom broke the window. （主動語態(tài)）（主動語態(tài)） The window was broken by Tom. （被動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)） 一：英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)一：英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)表示句子的表示句子的主語為動作的發(fā)出者主語為動作的發(fā)出者，被動語態(tài)

3、被動語態(tài)表示句子的表示句子的主語為動作的承受者主語為動作的承受者。Revision 二、什么時候用被動語態(tài)二、什么時候用被動語態(tài) 強調動作的承受者強調動作的承受者 不知道動作的發(fā)出者不知道動作的發(fā)出者 沒有必要說出動作的發(fā)出者沒有必要說出動作的發(fā)出者 He was punished by his father.He was punished by his father. He was told to have a short rest.He was told to have a short rest. This kind of change is called This kind of cha

4、nge is called chemical change.chemical change.(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done一、動詞一、動詞-ing被動形式的構成被動形式的構成-V-ing 一般時一般時和和一般時的被動形式一般時的被動形式; He hurried home,looking behind from time to time . 2)The building being repaired is our dormitory .- V-ing 的的完成時完成時和和完成時的被動形式完成時的被動

5、形式.1) Having lit a candle , she went out.2) Having been asked to stay , I couldnt leave .3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction .1一般式表示被動的動作正在進行或與一般式表示被動的動作正在進行或與謂語動作同時發(fā)生。謂語動作同時發(fā)生。2.2.完成式表示被動的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作完成式表示被動的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。之前。意義意義 1.V-ing形式作形式作主語主語,此時此時V-ing形式多表示一般或抽象形式多表示一般或抽象

6、的重復多次的行為。如的重復多次的行為。如: Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 產卵是蟻后的專職工作。產卵是蟻后的專職工作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 例1: _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. For a walk D. Walk 解析解析動名詞動名詞作主語通常表示作主語通常表示習慣性習慣性,泛指泛指經常性的經常性的不具體的動作不具體的動作;而而不定式不定式作主語則表示作主語則表示

7、一次性一次性的、具體的動作的、具體的動作。題中的。題中的a good form又暗示又暗示考生考生,這個動作是泛指的、經常性的。這個動作是泛指的、經常性的。 玩火很危險。 _ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His

8、making Exercises3. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 4. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 5.It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D

9、. read; to understand動名詞復合結構動名詞復合結構是由是由形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞或或名名詞所有格詞所有格+ v-ing 構成構成,即動名詞的邏輯主語即動名詞的邏輯主語用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格表示：用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格表示：His coming late made the teacher angry.動名詞復合結構在句中作主語動名詞復合結構在句中作主語,賓語和表格賓語和表格,作主語和表語從句作主語和表語從句.l can hardly imagine peters/peter Sailing across the Atlantic ocean in f

10、ive days. _ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making Exercises2.作作表語表語(往往表示一種概念，習慣或經驗，往往表示一種概念，習慣或經驗，或說明主語的內容或說明主語的內容.) Te

11、aching is learning. 教學相長教學相長 My hobby is _ (make) model planes. What worried the child most was _ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital.makingnot being allowed 3.作作賓語賓語 V-ing 形式既可作動詞的賓語形式既可作動詞的賓語, 也可作介詞的賓語。也可作介詞的賓語。 We would appreciate hearing from you 我們會珍惜你的來信。我們會珍惜你的來信。 The bird escape

12、d _ (catch) . I feel like _ (join) the army. He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us.being caught joining being abandoned注意：注意： 在在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , inst

13、ead of, look forward to, object to, keep on等后只接等后只接V-ing形式作形式作賓語。賓語。Exercises1.The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. When he he

14、ard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went4.I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prep

15、are; to do注意注意在在want，need，require，deserve等動詞之等動詞之后作賓語時，常用動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。后作賓語時，常用動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光顧一下。這座城市值得光顧一下。The problem requires studying carefully.這個問題需要認真研究。這個問題需要認真研究。The trees want watering.這些樹需要澆水了。這些樹需要澆水了。在在（be）worth后面只能用后面只能用動名詞的主動態(tài)動名詞的主動態(tài)來表示來表示被動意義。被動意義。H

16、is suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動詞后直接跟動等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如：用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 1.Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smok

17、e B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking2. . They dont permit _ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made3. The sentence wants _ once more. A. to explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caugh

18、t D. to catch Exercises 4. 作定語作定語 The girl standing there is my sister.This is a piece of _ (surprise) news.The problem_ (discuss) now is very important. The farmers _ (work) in the fields are tired.surprising being discussed working5. 作狀語作狀語 Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy . He sat at th

19、e table , _ ( read ) China Daily ._ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse._ ( work ) hard , you will succeed .readingWorkingBeing asked 6. 作賓語補足語作賓語補足語: I saw people coming and going in the street . I heard her _ (sing) a song in her room. Youll find the topic _ (discuss) everywhere now.

20、being discussedsinging7. 在絕大數(shù)情況下，句子的邏輯主語是句子的主語，在絕大數(shù)情況下，句子的邏輯主語是句子的主語，但有時前可有一個名詞或代詞表示邏輯上的主語，這但有時前可有一個名詞或代詞表示邏輯上的主語，這種帶邏輯主語的稱為種帶邏輯主語的稱為獨立主格結構獨立主格結構。獨立主格獨立主格，首先它是一個，首先它是一個“格格”，而不是一個，而不是一個“句子句子”，在英，在英語中任何一個句子都要有主謂結構，而在這個結構中，沒有真語中任何一個句子都要有主謂結構，而在這個結構中，沒有真正的主語和謂語動詞，但又在邏輯上構成主謂或主表關系。正的主語和謂語動詞，但又在邏輯上構成主謂或主表關

21、系。 The meeting being over, we all left theroom and drove home.會議結束后，我們都離開房間開車走了。會議結束后，我們都離開房間開車走了。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。由于今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。獨立主格結構獨立主格結構是由是由“主格人稱代詞或通格主格人稱代詞或通格+V-ing”構成構成.Time permitting, well go outing.如果時間允許,我們就去效游.獨立格結構在句中作狀語獨立格結構在句中作狀語, ,表示伴隨表示伴隨時間時間, ,條件條件, ,原原因因, ,讓步讓步, ,相當于狀語從句或并列句相當于狀語從句或并列句. .He hearing the news, tears of joy came into his eyes.As soon as he heard the news, tears of joy came into h