牽引計(jì)算課程設(shè)計(jì)

1、 牽引計(jì)算課程設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)班級(jí)：交運(yùn)082姓名：劉勝祥學(xué)號(hào)：200800150指導(dǎo)老師：孟伯政 2010年12月28日目錄前言.2設(shè)計(jì)要求3課程設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)介.5牽引質(zhì)量計(jì)算5換算制動(dòng)率6.相關(guān)計(jì)算及合力表.7線路縱斷面化簡(jiǎn)計(jì)算表.8分析法計(jì)算結(jié)果匯總表.9分析法試湊過(guò)程11 選用比例尺13平均計(jì)算速度計(jì)算.14能耗計(jì)算14合理性分析15參考文獻(xiàn)16 前言作為當(dāng)代大學(xué)生，我們不僅要學(xué)好課本知識(shí)，尤其是專(zhuān)業(yè)課，更要提高我們的操作能力與動(dòng)手能力，所以做課程設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)很好的鍛煉機(jī)會(huì)，我們每個(gè)同學(xué)應(yīng)該抓住機(jī)會(huì)，認(rèn)真完成課程設(shè)計(jì)。本課程設(shè)計(jì)包括合力曲線圖，運(yùn)行速度時(shí)間圖，對(duì)列車(chē)的各種情況分析以及列車(chē)運(yùn)行各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)

2、的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等等.由于本人所學(xué)知識(shí)有限，設(shè)計(jì)中難免存在錯(cuò)誤和不足，還望老師給予批評(píng)指正。設(shè)計(jì)要求（一）已知條件1.機(jī)型：人選熟悉的某一機(jī)型，如：df4, df8, ss1, ss3, ss4, ss8, ss9，hxd1,crh2型機(jī)車(chē)等。2.線路條件：自行設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)行區(qū)間（由起點(diǎn)站運(yùn)行到終點(diǎn)站進(jìn)站停車(chē)）。需標(biāo)明相關(guān)條件，（如：線路縱斷面：下圖所示甲乙區(qū)段為復(fù)線，全長(zhǎng)8.2km；速度限制：線路允許速度：100km/h；正線道岔限速：60km/h；側(cè)線道岔限速：45km/h；車(chē)站到發(fā)現(xiàn)有效長(zhǎng)：750m；自然條件：區(qū)段海拔均未超過(guò)500m，環(huán)境溫度不高于20攝氏度，無(wú)大風(fēng)）線路設(shè)計(jì)要求：運(yùn)行區(qū)間總廠長(zhǎng)不小于

3、20km，原始坡段不少于30個(gè)，區(qū)間各坡道的最大坡度差不小于20%，列車(chē)運(yùn)行途中至少經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)車(chē)站。曲線段不少于5處化 ，簡(jiǎn)后的坡道數(shù)不得少于12個(gè)。3.車(chē)輛編組：可根據(jù)知悉的實(shí)際情況確定，如：貨物列車(chē)組為：c60型車(chē)占80%，自重19噸，載重50噸，換長(zhǎng)1.2，gk型制動(dòng)機(jī)；n12型占20%，自重20.5噸，載重60噸，換長(zhǎng)1.3，k2型制動(dòng)；s10型車(chē)1輛，自重18噸，k1型制動(dòng)，換長(zhǎng)0.8.（二）求解內(nèi)容1.按照要求設(shè)計(jì)線路縱斷面2.計(jì)算牽引質(zhì)量，校驗(yàn)并確定區(qū)段牽引質(zhì)量（重點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)動(dòng)能闖岥部分的應(yīng)用）。計(jì)算列車(chē)換算制動(dòng)率和增速時(shí)間。3. 編制合力表，繪制合力曲線，并將曲線繪制在下行時(shí)分圖的左

4、側(cè)，并注明條件。4. 化簡(jiǎn)線路縱斷面，列出化簡(jiǎn)計(jì)算表。5. 繪制列車(chē)速度和時(shí)間線，用米格紙手工繪制時(shí)分圖兩張，取第一比例尺，下行分析法繪制，上行用作圖法繪制。6. 根據(jù)計(jì)算的運(yùn)行時(shí)分，計(jì)算出平均計(jì)算速度。7.計(jì)算能耗量。8.根據(jù)列車(chē)運(yùn)行時(shí)分圖，分析運(yùn)行狀況中存在的問(wèn)題，給出合理性分析。（三） 編寫(xiě)計(jì)算說(shuō)明書(shū)要求：說(shuō)明書(shū)全文力爭(zhēng)簡(jiǎn)單明了，整潔清晰，層次分明，詞語(yǔ)通常，計(jì)算部分先列公式后帶入?yún)?shù)，各參數(shù)要說(shuō)明代表意義和出處。（四） 圖紙部分要求：圖面整潔，曲線圓滑，符號(hào)及繪圖標(biāo)標(biāo)記應(yīng)符合鐵道部列車(chē)牽引計(jì)算（tb/t1407-1998）的規(guī)定。（五）其它說(shuō)明1.計(jì)算機(jī)出土?xí)r，可以使用autocad繪

5、制，亦可以進(jìn)行電算自動(dòng)生成。2.設(shè)計(jì)以及計(jì)算過(guò)程用word2003進(jìn)行編輯，使用a4紙打印，并與圖表一起裝訂成冊(cè)，使用程序者需附上源代碼。3.本設(shè)計(jì)須提交電子文檔，設(shè)計(jì)文檔須包含前言，目錄，參考文獻(xiàn)，附錄等4.設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)發(fā)送到e-mail：dayu06wd課程設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程如下：采用東風(fēng)4b型機(jī)車(chē)單機(jī)牽引路縱斷面：ac區(qū)段為復(fù)線，全長(zhǎng)s=22.4km 速度限制:線路允許速度: 100km/h 正線道岔限速:60km/h 側(cè)線道岔限速:45km/h 自然條件:區(qū)段海拔高度均未超過(guò)500m,環(huán)境溫度不高于20.無(wú)大風(fēng).一、計(jì)算牽引質(zhì)量（1)按限制坡度計(jì)算：限制坡道：ix=8.6， 查表得：vj=21.8

6、km/h,fj=313.0,p=138所以w0=2.28+0.0293v+0.000178v2=3.0w0=0.92+0.0048v+0.000125v2=1.08從而g=313.0*0.9-138*(3.0+8.6) /(1.08+8.6)*9.81*10-3)=2801.11噸故取牽引質(zhì)量為：2800噸.（2) 按車(chē)站到發(fā)線有效長(zhǎng)度計(jì)算gc=69.4t lc=14m車(chē)站到發(fā)線有效長(zhǎng)度750 m=69.4=3464 (t) 故取牽引質(zhì)量為：2800噸，得車(chē)列編組如下c60型車(chē)占80%，自重19噸，載重50噸，換長(zhǎng)1.2， gk型制動(dòng)機(jī)，共32輛；n12型占20%，自重20.5噸，載重60噸，

7、換長(zhǎng)1，3共7輛。實(shí)際牽引質(zhì)量：2771.5t. 二、列車(chē)換算制動(dòng)率jhjh （7*160+650+32*250）/（138+2771.5）*9.81）=0.34三、編制df4b機(jī)車(chē)單機(jī)牽引單位合力計(jì)算表合力曲線表如下：計(jì)算單位合力計(jì)算表（df4b機(jī)車(chē)，p=138t，g=2771.5t, jh=0.34）工況序號(hào)項(xiàng)目速度（km/h）010192030405060708090100牽引運(yùn)行1機(jī)車(chē)最大牽引力f (kn)399.6364.7353.3333.0235.4177.7143.0118.398.078.059.742.02fy=0.9f (kn)359.69328.23317.97299.

8、7211.86159.93128.7106.4788 6.272.053.7337.83w0=2.28+0.0293v+0.000178v2 (n/kn)2.592.592.902.943.323.744.194.685.205.766.366.994w0=(pw0)g 10-3 (kn)3.513.513.933.984.495.065.676.347.047.808.619.465w0=0.92+0.0048v+0.000125v2 (n/kn)0.980.981.051.071.181.311.471.661.872.102.362.656w0=gw0g10-3 (kn)26.6426.

9、6428.5429.0932.0835.6139.9645.1350.8457.0964.1672.047w0=w0+w0 (kn)30.1530.1532.4733.0736.5740.6745.6351.4757.8864.8972.7781.58c=f-w0 (kn)329.52298.08285.5266.63175.29119.2683.0755.030.325.32-19.04-43.79c=c103/(p+g)g (n/kn)11.5410.4410.09.346.144.172.911.921.060.18-0.66-1.53惰行1c=-w0103/(p+g)g 0 (n/kn

10、)-1.05-1.05-1.13-1.15-1.28-1.42-1.59-1.80-2.02-2.27-2.54-2.85常用制動(dòng)1jj=0.372(17v+100)/(60v+100) (n/kn)0.3560.2640.2170.2140.1810.1590.1420.1300.1200.1120.1050.0992b=1000j jjh (n/kn)-121.04-89.76-73.78-72.76-61.54-54.06-48.28-44.2-40.8-38.08-35.7-33.663c=-(0.5b+w0) (n/kn)-61.57-45.93-38.02-37.53-32.05-

11、28.54-25.73-23.9-22.42-21.31-20.39-19.68四、線路縱斷面化簡(jiǎn)計(jì)算表如下：（原始坡道32個(gè)，化簡(jiǎn)后的坡道共有12個(gè)）實(shí)際斷面化簡(jiǎn)斷面檢驗(yàn)折算坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)加算坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)標(biāo)高編號(hào)坡長(zhǎng)坡度千 分?jǐn)?shù)（）編號(hào)坡長(zhǎng)ih=(h2-h1)*1000/lhli*i2000ir=(600/lh)*(lri/ri)下行上行10017500站內(nèi)不予化簡(jiǎn)98.3224004.221450-3.24400*|-4.2+3.24|2000400*|-3.0+3.24|2000650*|-2.8+3.24|20000-3.243.2497.134003.095.346502.8101.755

12、0012.8 闖坡不予化簡(jiǎn)101.764000433000.59400*|0-0.59|2000700*|1.0-0.59|2000800*|0-0.59|2000700*|0.8-0.59|2000700*|1-0.59|20000.270.86-0.32102.477001.0102.488000102.9697000.8103.66107001.0125.161125008.65 限坡不予化簡(jiǎn) 125.96124002.0615001.59400*|2.0-1.59|2000600*|1.8-1.59|2000500*|1.0-1.59|20000.271.861.32127.04136

13、001.8127.54145001.0127.541560007600站內(nèi)不予化簡(jiǎn)127.541655008550站內(nèi)不予化簡(jiǎn)124.34178004.094500-3.74800*|-4.0+3.74|2000700*|-3.8+3.74|2000950*|-2.0+3.74|2000750*|-3.8+3.74|2000400*|-3.2+3.74|2000900*|-3+3.74|20000.160.16-3.58-3.584.904.90121.68187003.8118.45199503.4114.7207505.0113.42214003.2110.72229003.0106.72

14、238005.0103050-5.53800*|-5+5.53|2000400*|-8+5.53|20001000*|-5.6+5.53|2000850*|-4.8+5.53|20000.12-5.415.56103.52244008.097.922510005.693.84268504.895.4276002.61130003.27600*|2.6-3.27|2000700*|3.8-3.7|2000600*|2.8-3.27|2000600*|3.2-3.27|2000500*|4.0-3.27|200003.27-3.2798.06287003.899.74296002.8101.663

15、06003.2103.66315004.0103.6632700012700站內(nèi)不予化簡(jiǎn)注：（1）限制坡道編號(hào)5（2）動(dòng)能坡道編號(hào)2（3) 中間站b編號(hào)7、8（4） 上行的化簡(jiǎn)結(jié)果跟上表一樣 不予重復(fù)化簡(jiǎn)。五、下行運(yùn)行時(shí)分結(jié)果匯總表坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)坡段長(zhǎng)度（m）工況速度間隔（km/h）行駛距離運(yùn)行時(shí)分sstt0750牽引0-1037.637.60.450.45牽引10-19106.18143.540.440.89牽引19-2016.68160.220.050.94牽引20-30 252.72412.940.611.55牽引30-36300.24713.180.552.1-3.241450牽引36-4

16、0163.78163.780.260.26牽引40-50556.82720.620.741.050-59712.671433.270.791.7912.8500牽引59-50397.16397.160.440.44牽引50-48 84.25481.410.10.540.862300牽引48-50364.87364.870.450.45牽引50-602884.903249.773.133.58牽引60-60.144.73294.480.053.638.62500牽引60.1-607.567.560.010.01牽引60-50745.85753.410.810.82牽引50-40735.88148

17、9.290.981.80牽引40-308342323.291.433.23牽引30-28213.092536.380.443.671.861500牽引28-30108.21108.210.220.22牽引30-40915.041023.251.571.79牽引40-43496.801520.050.722.510600牽引43-48568.92568.920.750.750550牽引48-50267.97267.970.330.33牽引50-52289.81557.780.350.68-3.584500牽引52-60635.42635.420.680.68牽引60-701077.731713.

18、150.941.62牽引70-801478.723191.871.182.8080-86.61298.913064.770.202.44-5.413050惰行86.6-90875.46875.460.590.59制動(dòng)90-80462.121337.580.330.92制動(dòng)80-70381.631719.210.311.23制動(dòng)70-60306.442025.650.281.51牽引60-70796.032821.680.732.24牽引70-72.6243.093064.770.202.443.273000惰行72.6-70290.61290.610.240.24惰行70-601048.541

19、339.150.971.21牽引60-58.8450.361789.510.511.72惰行58.8-50811.482600.991.082.8惰行50-45.2391.272992.261.74.50700惰行45.2-4550.1550.150.070.07惰行45-43.4 393.2443.350.530.60制動(dòng)43.4-4042.45485.80.060.66制動(dòng)40-3097.3583.10.170.83制動(dòng)30-2060.61643.710.150.98制動(dòng)20-1031.01674.720.121.10制動(dòng)10-07.78682.500.091.19六，分析法的試湊過(guò)程試湊

20、坡段速度間隔v1v2平均速度平均合力s=8.34vpv/cp累積距離ss =lh-s判斷130-36335.5300.24713.1836.82s50(試湊失敗)50-5954.55.74712.651433.2716.73s50(試湊成功)350-4648-7.984.25481.4118.59s50(試湊失敗)60-6261 1.0100.243351.0150.01s50(試湊失敗)60-60.160.051.1244.73294.485.52s50(試湊成功)530-2829-1.61107.032536.3836.38s50(試湊失敗)40-42412.14319.571342.82

21、157.18s50(試湊失敗)40-4342.52.09496.801520.0520.05s50(試湊失敗)50-5151.5 2.9 145.23967.857.15s50(試湊成功)743-4845.53.335568.92568.9231.08s50(試湊成功)850-5251 2.83289.81557.787.78s50(試湊失敗)80-8783.53.51392.784584.6584.65s50(試湊失敗)80-86.883.43.481359.134551.0051.00s50(試湊失敗)80-86.683.3 3.531298.914490.789.22s50(試湊失敗)7

22、0-72.671.36.36 243.093064.7714.77s50(試湊失敗)60-5859-1.27774.893637.6第一次制動(dòng)試湊258.6-5054.3-4.07956.902687.32211.85s50(試湊失敗)60-58.659.3-1.32524.533211.85第一次制動(dòng)試湊358.8-5059.4-4.07811.482541.97.74s50(試湊失敗)45.2-45 45.1-1.550.1550.153.19s50(試湊成功)第二次制動(dòng)試湊145-4444.5-1.5371.13567.8328.39s50(試湊成功)44-4042-27.750.586

23、18.41第二次制動(dòng)試湊245-43.444.2-1.5393.2589.914.45s50(試湊成功)43.4-4041.7-27.8542.45632.35七，選用的比例尺：圖解法比例尺序號(hào)名稱(chēng)單位比例關(guān)系比例一般計(jì)算結(jié)果1單位合力n/knk mm代表1 n/kn62速度km/hm mm代表1 km/h13距離kmy mm代表1 km204時(shí)間minx mm代表1 min105固定線段mm302. 為了便于分辨工況，在繪制速度曲線時(shí)：牽引運(yùn)行時(shí)用“”表示；惰行時(shí)用“ ”表示；空氣制動(dòng)時(shí)用“ ” 表示； 3. 速度間隔：不超過(guò)10km/h； 4.列車(chē)駛過(guò)換坡點(diǎn)的速度需用試湊法決定；5. 在使

24、用單位合力曲線圖時(shí)，應(yīng)注意列車(chē)駛?cè)胂乱粋€(gè)坡段時(shí)，要按下一個(gè)坡段的加算坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)將曲線的速度坐標(biāo)軸作相應(yīng)的左右移動(dòng)；6. 由牽引運(yùn)行轉(zhuǎn)為制動(dòng)運(yùn)行，或由制動(dòng)運(yùn)行轉(zhuǎn)為牽引運(yùn)行，中間應(yīng)有一段合理的惰行距離，一般取為不小于500.八，平均技術(shù)速度下行：v=s/t=22400/(28.04*60)=13.31(m/s)=47.93(km/h). 上行：v=s/t=22400/(26.26*60)=14.21(m/s)=51.18(km/h).九，機(jī)車(chē)燃油耗量計(jì)算表坡段序號(hào)工況運(yùn)行速度（km/h）牽引工況惰行和空氣制動(dòng)區(qū)段燃油消耗量e（kg）v1v2vpt（min）ey（kg/min）ey（kg）t0（m

25、in）e0（kg/min）ey（kg）1牽引01050.452.20.990.99101914.50.447.583.364.35192019.50.057.590.384.732030250.617.584.629.353036330.557.594.1713.522牽引3640460.267.611.98 15.540,50450.747.635.4720.97505954.50.797.636. 0226.993牽引595054.50.447.633.3530.345048490.107.620.7631.14牽引4850490.457.623.4365.45060553.137.632

26、3.8989.296060.160.050.057.630.3889.675牽引60.16060.050.017.630.0889.756050550.817.636.1895.935040450.987.637.48103.414030351.437.6110.88114.29*3028290.447.603.35117.646牽引2830290.227.601.67119.313040351.577.6111.95131.26404341.50.727.625.49136.757牽引434845.50.757.625.72142.478牽引4850490.337.622.51144.985

27、0、52510.357.632.67147.659牽引5260560.687.635.19152.846070650.947.637.17160.017080751.187.218.51168.528086.683.30.936.596.13174.6510惰行86.99086.90.590.350.21174.86制動(dòng)9080850.330.350.12174.988070750.310.350.11175.097060650.280.350.10175.19牽引6070650.737.635.57180.767072.671.30.207.521.5182.2611惰行72.67071.30.240.350.08182.347060650.9