高中英語定語從句詳細講解及專項練習

1、博文高中英語定語從句詳細講解及專項練習分類：實用高中英語標簽：定語從句的用法閱讀器一.定語從句及相關術語1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞成為關系詞關系詞相關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關系副詞有where, when,why等。關系詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。二.關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1) The boys who are playing football a

2、re from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在

3、定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each yearrises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I s

4、aw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you l

5、ike the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介詞關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞關系代詞引導(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/wh

6、ich) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have oftentalked about.(6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This

7、is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關系代詞是所有格時用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we fle

8、w to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. “介詞關系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,few等代詞或者數詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of whi

9、ch have gonebad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are frombig cities.四關系副詞引導的定語從句1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語(1) Shanghai is the city where I was

10、born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關系副詞引導的從句能夠由“介詞關系代詞”引導的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2)

11、 From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to knowwhat he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I wasborn.五限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號和主句隔開用逗號和主句隔開意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，不能刪除是對先行詞的補充說明，刪除后意思仍完整譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語，“的”通常翻譯成主句的并列句關系詞的使用上A做賓

12、語時可省略 B?？捎胻hatC可用who代替whom A不可省 B。不用thatC。不用who代替whom限制性定語從句舉例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I coulddepend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is be

13、coming more and morepowerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go tocollege.他那當醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他還有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go tocollege.他的哥哥是當醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他只有一個哥哥）難點分析（一）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況1當先行詞是anything, everythi

14、ng, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none,little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in theworld.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little t

15、hat I can do for you.注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也能夠用who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2. 當先行詞被序數詞修飾(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 當形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時(1) This is the very dictiona

16、ry that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that heowned.當先行詞指人時，偶爾也能夠用who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend themeeting/5. 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6

17、. 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?（二）關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1As和which都能夠在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至能夠切

18、割一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dontbelieve.注意：當主句和從句存有邏輯上的因果關系時，常用which(5)

19、 Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 當先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同(4) She wore the same d

20、ress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。（三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通常能夠省略。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but有時也能夠做關系詞引導定語從句(1) There are very few but unders

21、tand his idea. ( but= who dont )(五) 區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容，是補充說明的關系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于從句2定語從句由關系代詞或者關系副詞引導，關系詞在句中充當成分，有時能夠省略；同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中一般不做成分；句子也能夠由when,where, how, why, whether,

22、what等詞引導，充當成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so muchmoney. 定語(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位語從句和先行詞一般能夠用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不能夠(1) The idea that we cou

23、ld ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位語(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.專項練習：(一)1.The place _A_interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which

24、 B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _C_?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _D_last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _C_the Chinese Communist Party was found

25、ed?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _A_Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _C_well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then(從此以后) in the factory _A_we are working.

26、A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _A_.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _A_the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you t

27、alked10.The pen _A_he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _C_sat a small boy.(非限制性定語從句)A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _D_my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom1

28、3.It there anyone in your class _D_family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _A_you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _D_was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _D_he used to be.A. w

29、ho B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _B_we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _B_to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _C_ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. sa

30、me novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _B_they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _D_is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _C_are women.A. them B. which C. who

31、m D. who23.Youre the only person _D_Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _A_I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _A_Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B. f

32、or that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _C_ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _A_ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _D_he looks at problems is wrong.

33、A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _D_he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _B_for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after3

34、1.The reason _A_he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _B_will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _A_I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _D_are of g

35、reat use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _C_used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _B_ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D

36、. it37.This is the magazine _D_ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which38.He is not such a man _D_ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever promise _A_ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose40. Smoking, _B_ is a bad habit, i

37、s, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though41. - Did you ask the guard _A_ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall never forget those years _A_ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when;

38、 who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which43. The number of the people who _C_ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are44. During the days _D_, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas _A_ he

39、lps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _B_ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that47. Is _D_ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school

40、 one D. this school where48. John got beaten in the game, _A_ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two ballpens, _C_ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which50. All that can be eaten _B_ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had be

41、en D. have been參考答案及解析1. A. which用作關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2C. 和誰講話”要說speak to sb. 本題全句應為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是關系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，能夠省略。3. D. where是關系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。4. C. when是關系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。5A. which是關系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。6C. 解析同第5題。7. A. 解析見第3題。8. A. 本句話的先行詞應該是films,所以，

42、關系代詞that是負數概念，其謂語動詞應用復述的被動語態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應該視為先行詞。9. A. “談到某事物”應說talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。10. A. with which是介詞關系代詞結構,常用來引導定語從句.with有用的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farm

43、house. In front of which在從句中作狀語.12. D. with whom引導定語從句.with whom放在從句中即為：my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引導定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.14. A. that引導定語從句,因為先行詞是all,所以只能選用that引導.15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引導定語從句時,能夠作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引導定語從句時,能夠作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17

44、. B. as作關系代詞能夠單獨用來引導非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中能夠作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定語從句.with whom放在從句中為：I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引導定語從句時通常構成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關系代詞，指

45、代其前的名詞引導定語從句。 as在從句中能夠作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數名詞時,要用such a.,本題中such books, such直接修飾復數名詞.20. B. things和persons是先行詞.當定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時,其關系代詞要用that.21. D. who引導非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22. C. two thirds of whom 即：two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關系代詞whom.因為, whom作從句中met的賓語,能夠省略.第二個從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.24. A. whose title引導非限制性定語從句,whose title也能夠說成the title of which25. A. for which 引導定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語 be famous for 以.而聞名.26. C. 當先行詞被such修飾時,引導定語從句的關系代詞要用as