研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程unit 2

1、LOGO Unit 2Unit 2 WorkaholicsWorkaholics， Work Ethic Work Ethic and and MaterialismMaterialism Pre-reading Questions v 1. In your opinion, is it easy for people to hunt for jobs these days? v 2. What gives people their identities? How important is work compared to other activities in life? v 3. Have

2、 you ever heard of the word “workaholic”? How is the word made up? Does it tell you something about the meaning of the word? Do you know anybody like this? Is “workaholism” a phenomenon in your culture? v 4. Is working hard good for us? Contents Vocabulary Analysis of text Exercises Writing damaging

3、 to career and reputation; 有害的有害的, , 不利的不利的 Synonyms: harmful; injurious; prejudicial E.g.E.g. 1. Smoking is detrimental to health. 吸煙對(duì)健康是有害的。 2. The measures had a detrimental effect. 這些措施已產(chǎn)生不良影響。 3. be detrimental to the interests of 有損的利益 v imbue imbju: 使充滿(mǎn)，灌輸，激發(fā)使充滿(mǎn)，灌輸，激發(fā)( (強(qiáng)烈感情或品質(zhì)等強(qiáng)烈感情或品質(zhì)等) ) be

4、 imbued with: to inspire, permeate, or invade E.g.E.g. 1. A President should be imbued with a sense of responsibility for the nation. 一位總統(tǒng)應(yīng)該充滿(mǎn)對(duì)國(guó)家的責(zé)任感。 2. We should continue to arm people with scientific theory, provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with lofty ideals, and inspire them

5、with excellent works of literature and art. 堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)的理論武裝人，以正確的輿論引導(dǎo)人，以高尚的 精神塑造人，以?xún)?yōu)秀的作品鼓舞人。 3. He managed to imbue his employees with team spirit. 他成功激發(fā)起雇員的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。 v tangible tndbl 1.1. 可觸摸的可觸摸的, , 可觸知的可觸知的, , 有形的有形的 Synonyms: concrete; touchable 2.2. 明確的明確的, , 確鑿的確鑿的, , 實(shí)際的實(shí)際的 Synonyms: definite; real; s

6、ubstantial; actual E.g.E.g. 1. Sculpture is a tangible art form. 雕刻是一種可觸摸的藝術(shù)形式。 2. tangible property like real estate. 像房地產(chǎn)一樣的有形資產(chǎn) 3. tangible proof 確鑿的證據(jù) 4. The policy has not yet brought any tangible benefits. 這項(xiàng)政策還沒(méi)有帶來(lái)任何實(shí)質(zhì)性的好處。 v gratification grtifikein 1.1.滿(mǎn)足滿(mǎn)足; ;滿(mǎn)意滿(mǎn)意; ;喜悅喜悅 2.2.使人滿(mǎn)意之事使人滿(mǎn)意之事; ;

7、可喜的事物可喜的事物 V: gratify 使某人高興或滿(mǎn)意使某人高興或滿(mǎn)意 E.g.E.g. 1. the gratification of knowing ones plans have succeeded. 得知計(jì)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)后的喜悅 2. one of the few gratifications of an otherwise boring job. 枯燥的工作中少有的一項(xiàng)樂(lè)趣。 v facet fsit 1.(1.(寶石或首飾的寶石或首飾的) )小平面小平面 2.(2.(事物的事物的) )面面, , 方面方面 Synonyms: aspect; side; phase E.g.E.g.

8、1. A flat facet cut across the top of a precious stone. 在一顆寶石的頂部切出的平面 2. He has perfected himself in every facet of his job. 他已使自己對(duì)工作的各個(gè)方面都得心應(yīng)手。 3. They beat us in every facet of the game. 他們?cè)诒荣惖拿總€(gè)小層面都打敗了我們。 v synonymous sinnims 同義的同義的, ,類(lèi)義的類(lèi)義的 n: synonymy 同義；同義；n：synonym 同義詞同義詞 be synonymous with:

9、having the same or a similar meaning E.g.E.g. 1. Wealth is not necessarily synonymous with generosity. 財(cái)富與慷慨未必同義（富人不見(jiàn)得都慷慨）。 2. “a widespread impression that . . . Hollywood was synonymous with immorality” “普遍的印象是好萊塢是不朽的同義詞” v prestige presti: 威信威信, , 威望威望, , 聲望聲望 E.g.E.g. 1. a man of high prestige 威

10、信高的人 2. Chinas international prestige is continually rising. 中國(guó)的國(guó)際威望正不斷提高。 3. A position of prestige in diplomatic circles. 在外交界具有重要的一席之地 v ambivalent mbivlnt 對(duì)某物、某人或某境況具有或顯示矛盾情感的；對(duì)某物、某人或某境況具有或顯示矛盾情感的； （尤指愛(ài)和恨兼有的）矛盾心理，矛盾情緒（尤指愛(ài)和恨兼有的）矛盾心理，矛盾情緒 E.g. E.g. 1. Although she professed fear of the Russians, s

11、he seemed to have ambivalent feelings toward Philby himself. 雖然她承認(rèn)害怕俄國(guó)人，然而她似乎對(duì)菲爾比本人有一種矛盾 的感情。 2. She has been ambivalent about divorcing her husband. 她對(duì)于離婚一直舉棋不定。 v glorify gl:rifai 1.1.贊美贊美; ;頌揚(yáng)頌揚(yáng) 2.2.美化美化; ;使光榮使光榮; ;使增光使增光 adj: glorified 看似，假裝富麗堂皇的看似，假裝富麗堂皇的 E.g. E.g. 1. The author glorified the l

12、ife of the peasants. 那個(gè)作者贊美了農(nóng)民的生活。 2. The bright sun glorifies the sky. 燦爛的陽(yáng)光使天空顯得更加艷麗。 3. He is just a glorified office boy. 他不過(guò)是個(gè)看似體面的辦事員而已。 v belittle bilitl 使顯得微小使顯得微小, , 輕視輕視, , 貶低貶低 E.g.E.g. 1. belittle oneself 自卑 2. A poor but honest man is not to be belittled. 窮而誠(chéng)實(shí)的人是不該讓人小看的。 3. The size of

13、the office tower belittles the surrounding buildings. 這座辦公樓的規(guī)模使周?chē)慕ㄖ锵嘈我?jiàn)小。 v grind graind crush; devote oneself to a laborious task or study 1.1.磨碎磨碎; ; 嚼碎嚼碎 2.2.壓迫壓迫; ; 折磨折磨 E.g.E.g. 1. Would you please grind a pound of coffee for me? 請(qǐng)給我磨一磅咖啡好嗎? 2. They were ground down by poverty. 他們備受貧窮的折磨。 3. g

14、rind away at English studies 刻苦攻讀英語(yǔ) 4. grind for an exam 用功(刻苦學(xué)習(xí))準(zhǔn)備考試 5. The truck ground to a stop. 卡車(chē)嘎的一聲剎住。 Text Structure Work Ethic Motivate people to work hard to become successful, originated from Puritan colonists from England. Para 3 Workaholics addicted to work as to liquor Para 1,2 Materi

15、alism holds that the only thing that exists is matter. Matter is the only substance. Partially results in achievement motivation. Para 4,5 Facet of personal identity Para 6 language pointslanguage points 1. Some people are workaholics in their twenties and thirties, but in mid-life may change their

16、priorities. (L.19) priority priority : something given specified attention 優(yōu)先考慮的事優(yōu)先考慮的事 E.g. 1. The development of the national economy is a top priority. 發(fā)展國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)是應(yīng)予以最優(yōu)先考慮的事。 2. We should give priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness. 堅(jiān)持效率優(yōu)先、兼顧公平. 2. A strong value is placed on produ

17、ctiveness. (L.30) place on place on : 寄托（希望等）；給予（信任等）寄托（希望等）；給予（信任等） E.g. 1. place great hopes on sb. 對(duì)某人給予很大的希望 2. The heavy load of managing production was then placed on his shoulder. 管理生產(chǎn)的千鈞重負(fù)便落在他的肩上。 3. Too much work has been placed on his shoulders. 加在他身上的工作太多了。 4. No reliance is to be placed

18、on his word. 他的話靠不住。 3. This is, however, only a partial, simplistic explanation of American materialism. (L.36) = This explanation of American materialism is one-sided and oversimplified. simplistic simplistic : characterized by extreme and often misleading simplicity. 過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化的過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化的 E.g. 1. In the p

19、ast, our understanding of this issue was quite superficial and simplistic. 過(guò)去，我們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)比較膚淺、簡(jiǎn)單。 2. As you can imagine, Figure 1 is too simplistic. 可以想象，圖1過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單。 4. No matter how employees feel about work, their primary motivation is to earn a living . (L.40) primary primary : 1. first in importance,

20、 degree, rank 首要的首要的; ;主要的主要的; ;基本的基本的 2. first in position or time, as in a series; ; 初級(jí)的初級(jí)的 3. being the first stage; elementary 初等初等( (小學(xué)）教育的小學(xué)）教育的 E.g. 1. The primary cause of Toms failure is his laziness. 湯姆失敗的根本原因是懶惰。 2. People have no letters at the primary stage of civilization. 在文明的初期, 人類(lèi)是沒(méi)

21、有文字的。 5. work may be a necessary evil that merely ensures survival. (L.47) = work may be something to be done in order to ensure survival only. a a necessary evil: necessary evil: 討厭但不得不做的事討厭但不得不做的事 A necessary evil is anything which, despite being considered to have undesirable qualities, is prefer

22、able to its absence. E.g. 1. In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. 就我們看來(lái)，死刑是種不得已的選擇。 2. The loss of jobs is regarded by some as a necessary evil in the fight against inflation. 有些人認(rèn)為要遏止通貨膨脹就難免有人得失業(yè). Exercises Reading Comprehension A. Choose the best answer according to Text A. 1. D

23、2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B B. Answer the questions according to Text A. 1. Workaholics are seen as valuable members of society because they are extremely productive and embody the values of achievement and efficiency. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe that wor

24、kaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally, and that a workaholic life style is detrimental to personal and family life. 2. Advertising and the desire to acquire objects to enhance the quality of life is also a result for American materialism. 3. The sense of being successful, materialism, pe

25、rsonal identity, etc. 4. Americans are ambivalent towards work, it is both glorified and belittled. 5. Americans attitudes towards work are related to the nature of their work and the reward they receive. Vocabulary A. Choose the appropriate word or expression to fill in each blank. 1. A 2. C 3. B 4

26、. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C B. Replace the italicized parts in the following sentences with words or expressions from Text A that best keep the original meanings. 1. detrimental 2. tangible 3. belittled 4. gratification 5. ambivalent 6. inordinately 7. facet 8. originated in 9. enhance 10. pr

27、estige Sentence Structure 1. No matter how employees feel about work, their primary motivation is to earn a living. 2. New teachers who are tired of their jobs look for intellectual stimulation and personal gratification, although they are typically not highly paid. 3. The tendency toward materialis

28、m is a result of advertising and the desire to acquire objects to enhance the quality of life. B. Fill in the blanks with sentence structures from Text A according to the Chinese. 1. materialism causes people to forget spiritual values 2. survival in the desert requires an adequate water supply 3. p

29、arts of the old contract are embodied in the new one Cloze 1. Status 2. interaction 3. charge 4. Practice 5. first 6. usage 7. Similarly 8. called 9. terms 10. Convey 11. against 12. without 13. Emphasized 14. egalitarianism 15. Behavior 16. boss 17. Decision 18. command 19. Appearances 20. obvious Writing Exercises Topic A The scene represents the Manton library. The room is furnished in walnut and is hung with rich draperies. At the center of the back wal