現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解課件精編版

1、 present(now) future past 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ( present perfect tense) do my homework 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成 have (hashave (has）+ + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 Mother: John, clean your teeth please. John: Mum, I them. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型： 肯定式：肯定式：主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. 疑問(wèn)式：疑問(wèn)式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞? 否定式否定式: 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/

2、has + not + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. 例句：例句： 6. Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了圖書(shū)館嗎？ Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。 No, he hasnt. 不，他沒(méi)去那里。 7. How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？ Smith夫人來(lái)北京多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法 - Its so dark.- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把

3、燈關(guān)了有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑現(xiàn)在很黑) - Are you free? -I have finished my homework. I am free-I have finished my homework. I am free ( (我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空) 1. 1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for m

4、ore than ten years. ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。多年的英語(yǔ)。 (從從10年前開(kāi)始年前開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí) (半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法 2.2.表示表示過(guò)去過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài)態(tài). .常與常與since + since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + for +

5、一段時(shí)一段時(shí) 間，間，so far so far 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 3.3.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從 未有過(guò)的未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷. . I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace? to the Summer Palace? (我曾去過(guò)頤和園我曾去過(guò)頤和園) I I havehave never never had had a car.a car. (我從未有過(guò)汽車。我從未有過(guò)汽車。) 1. 1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 2

6、.2.表示表示過(guò)去過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), , 3.3.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用(1): 1在表示“用法1”時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和 副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連 用。 a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。 He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了。 H

7、as he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒(méi)有吃早飯。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫(xiě)過(guò)信了嗎？ yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “還還(沒(méi)沒(méi))” 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句: 句末句末 “己經(jīng)己經(jīng)” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? b） never 是否定詞，表示是否定詞，表示“

8、從來(lái)沒(méi)有從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，而，而ever 表表 示示“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)” We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你們?cè)?jīng)去過(guò)加拿大嗎？ c） just表示表示“剛剛剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already， never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和和 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之間）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之間） He has just come back. 他剛剛回來(lái)。 They have just finished the work. 他們

9、剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 常與常與already, already, never, never, ever, ever, just, just, yet, yet, before, before, up to now, up to now, so far, so far, for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days, these days, since since for a long timefor a long time 連用連用 1.for + Eg. I have been here

10、 for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years. 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 2. since + 從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)) 單詞 詞組 (表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn) Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000. since: (自自以來(lái)以來(lái)) 1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn) He has stayed here since 5 oclock. 2)since+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+ ago

11、 He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 從句從句 She has taught English since he came here. for: (長(zhǎng)達(dá)）長(zhǎng)達(dá)） for+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks. since , for 的用法的用法: 注1): since 也可單獨(dú)使用, 表示 “自那時(shí)起”; 另外since前也可加 上ever,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣. Eg. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000. 注2): 對(duì)for或since

12、引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn) 必須用how long, 決 不能用when. Eg. *I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? *She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here? 短暫性動(dòng)詞與 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn) 換 leav come/go (to) arrive (at/in) get (to) reach buy borrow finish be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)

13、be (in/at) have keep be over join start/begin die close open return marry become be in/be a/an be on be dead be closed be open be back be married be 短暫性短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)不能與時(shí) 間段連用間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：，這些動(dòng)詞是： 等。等。 為了表述這種意思為了表述這種意思, ,我們常用相應(yīng)的我們常用相應(yīng)的 來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。 但在否定句中，短

14、暫性動(dòng)詞可以與但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與 時(shí)間段連用。時(shí)間段連用。 如：如：I havent bought the bike for a year. I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。 翻翻 譯譯 練練 習(xí)：習(xí)： 1. 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。我買了這塊手表五年了。 2. 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。這位老人已經(jīng)死了十

15、年了。 3. 3.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。 4. 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。 5. 5.我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 W W have been 與have gone 的用法比較 1.have been to 意思是意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)到過(guò)，去過(guò)” 表示表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 Eg.Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing? 2.have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已經(jīng)已經(jīng) 去了去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去

16、的途中或已在那某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那 兒了。兒了。 Eg.You have been in Beijing for 2 years.Eg.You have been in Beijing for 2 years. 3.have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間呆在某處一段時(shí)間 了了 Eg.She has gone to Nanjing. Eg.She has gone to Nanjing. 與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較 一一. .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò) 去的事情，去的事情， ; ;而一而一 般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述講述發(fā)生在過(guò)

17、去的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的 動(dòng)作和事情動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And h

18、e still has it” “he still has it” “過(guò)去他買了一本英漢字典，過(guò)去他買了一本英漢字典， 現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” ” 。 第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字 典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說(shuō)明。調(diào)說(shuō)明。 二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間 的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí): : eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但

19、since(since(自自以來(lái)以來(lái))+)+某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘 述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 連用。連用。 eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England. 三常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的三常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的 表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ): : yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before yesterday(), the day before yesterday

20、(前天前天), ), just now(just now(剛才剛才) )， 時(shí)間時(shí)間+ ago, + ago, last +last +時(shí)間時(shí)間 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week . It is +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 +since+句子句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)) =一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間+has passed +since + 句子句子(過(guò)去過(guò)去) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passe

21、d since I joined the army. 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that already.already. When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour ago.an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yet?yet? Yes

22、. Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last week. last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(g

23、o) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air. 6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoki

24、ng last year.last year. 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.since last year. 選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: : 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been

25、in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.

26、6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time. 用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空 Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop.

27、 _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.

28、_. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you. 改改 錯(cuò)錯(cuò) 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years. The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 2. - Im sorry to keep y