(完整word版)2011年江蘇省造價(jià)員考試工程造價(jià)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)真題及答案_共6頁(yè).doc

1、Manipulator is now used a s a industrial robots inuse , thecontrol objectives oftenappear often in industrial automation. Industrialautomation technologyhas gradually matured, as mature a technology line ha s be en ra pid development in industrialautomation asa separate subject.Ma nipulator applicat

2、ion began to filter into welding, logistics, mechani calprocessing, and ot her industries. Espe cially athighor very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases,high radiation case, robot insimilar circumstances showed greatuse a lsobrings great convenience to the staff. Preciselybecause of this robot

3、 to get peoples attentionbegan t o be ahighdegreeof devel opment. Labor rates,workingconditions, labor intensive a spe cts of promoting development. Both athome and abroad to develop thePLC (programmable logiccontroller) is i n various special circumstances and under spe cial conditionsset for mecha

4、nitechnology and the rapi d developme nt of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software andsimulation controlwinbig and successful development, nowcontinue s to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good devel opment of the technology makes a good optimization of product

5、ive capital, and robot shows this uni que a dvantages,such as: has good compatibi lity, wi de availability,hardwar e is complete, andprogramming that can be mastered ina short time, so in thecontext of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in manydevelope d country agriculture a

6、nd i ndustry hasbee n applied,such as t he use of mechanical harvesting large areasof farmland, repeated operationson thehigh-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, thehigh levelof automation combined wit h restrictions on the mani pulatordevel opment level is slightly lower tha n the

7、 international. The design is mai nly arm welding mac hineby PLC Aut omationcontrol. Thisof design letdesigners on inschoolby learnof has a must of consolidation, understand hassome usuallydidnt opportunitie s awarene ss in worl d range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness,

8、hope designerscan i n yihou of design in the can success of using in this de sign in the pr ocee dsof experience 1.2 manipulator in bot h at home andabroad of research pr ofile automation mechanical arm rese archbegan Yu 20thcent ury medium-term, after years with withcomputer and aut omation technol

9、ogy of development, Makes mecha nical arm on theGrandstage of ind ustrial aut omation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most ofmassproduction and useon the production line,which isprogrammed robotic arm. As

10、the first generationof manipulator position controlsystems main features, although not backsuccessf ully complete like welding,painting, delivery as well as for materialssimple movements. Second generation mecha nical arms areequipped with sensors and manipulators have the environme nt there is acer

11、tain amountof sense, w hen the mechanical armis to use theprogram as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand2011 年江蘇省造價(jià)員考試工程造價(jià)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)真題及答案一、單選題：(1)以設(shè)計(jì)階段為重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行全過(guò)程工程造價(jià)控制中其在施工圖設(shè)計(jì)階段影響項(xiàng)目造價(jià)的可能性為： DA 10-15B20-35 C75-95 D 5-35、 E5-75(2)初級(jí)造價(jià)員應(yīng)聘于一個(gè)單位可從事多少萬(wàn)元人民幣以下與其專業(yè)水平相符合的工程造價(jià)業(yè)務(wù)： CA500B5000C1500D 3500(3) 工程建設(shè)

12、其他費(fèi)除土地使用費(fèi)用和與末來(lái)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)有關(guān)的費(fèi)用外還包括：CA 生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備費(fèi)B土地征用及遷移補(bǔ)償費(fèi)C與項(xiàng)目建設(shè)有關(guān)的費(fèi)用D設(shè)備及工器具購(gòu)置費(fèi)(4)按照有關(guān)規(guī)定編制的初步設(shè)計(jì)總概算，經(jīng)有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)，即為控制擬建項(xiàng)目工程造價(jià)的 CA 最低限額B最終限額C最高限額D規(guī)定限額(5)工程造價(jià)咨詢企業(yè)必須是依法取得工程造價(jià)咨詢企業(yè)資質(zhì)證書后才能從事工程造價(jià)咨詢活動(dòng)。 其資質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定不論甲級(jí)乙級(jí)企業(yè)出資人中注冊(cè)造價(jià)工程師的人數(shù)和出資額均不得低于 DA30、60B20、 50C10、 40D 60、 60(6) 已知完成某一工序套勞動(dòng)定額得到的基本用工12.5 工日、 超運(yùn)距用工0.8、輔助用工1.05、人工幅

13、差系數(shù)采用12%，該子目的預(yù)算定額人工工日消耗量應(yīng)是多少工日？AA 16.072B14.572C14.000D 17.22(7) 項(xiàng)目編碼采用十二位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示，其中（B）為分部工程順序碼。A 一、二位D 十至十二位manipulator control mode and programmabl e controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulatorcontr ol 2.1.1 classificati onof control relaysand discrete electronic circuitcan con

14、trolold i ndustrial equi pment,but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned,simple (orsimple) industrial equipment. Sohe can see them now,however t hese two contr ol mode s (relay and discrete electroniccircuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt t

15、o the complex logiccontrol, (2) only for thecurrent project, the lack of com patibi lity and (3) not reforming the system with equi pment improvements. Spring for the development of Chinas modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in thelevel of industrial automation, com plet

16、ed the perfect relay of thecom puter too much.In terms of controlling the computer showedhis tw o great advantages: (1) each of thehardware can be installe d on oneor more microprocessors; (2) theofficial designer of thesoftware writingcontent control is all about. Now in several ways in the context

17、 of industrial automation can oftenbe se en i n three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to asIPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCSfor short), and (3) the ProgrammableLogical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCScontrast contrast 1, each of the three technolo

18、gies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there,usi ng a high level of standardization, ca n use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the ne ed for immediacy inoperational s

19、ystems. So the computer can effectively control is used tocontrol and meet its speed, on the virtual model , real-time a nd in computational requirements. Distri buted system started with a control system for industrial automatic i nstrumentuse d tocontr ol, whereas now it issuccessfully developed i

20、ntoindustrial controlcomputer used as acentral collection and distri bution system and transitionof distributedcontr ol system in analogue handli ng, loop control,has begun t o reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means

21、 of continuous processcontr ol. Optimization of PLC is thecorresponding relay needs was bor n, its mainuse in the w ork order control, earlyprimary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switchcontrolling the running order of functions. Markedby the microprocessor i n the early 1970 o

22、f the 20thcentury emerged, micro-el ectronics technology ha s devel ope d rapi dly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used a s a industrial robots inuse , thecontrol objectives oftenappear often in in dus

23、trial automation. Industrialautomation technologyhas gradually matured, as mature a technology line ha s be en ra pid development in industrialautomation asa separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter int o welding, logistics, mechani calprocessing, and ot her industries. Espe cially

24、athighor very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases,high radiation case, robot insimilar circumstances showed greatuse a lsobrings great convenience to the staff. Preciselybe cause of this robot to get peoples attentionbegan t o be ahighdegreeof devel opment. Labor rates,workingconditions, labor

25、 intensive a spe cts of promoting developme nt. Both athome and a broa d to develop thePLC (programmable logiccontroller) is i n various special circumstances and under spe cialconditionsset for mechanical devi ces. Now turned on the devel opmetechnology and the rapi d developme nt of the trains, th

26、e success of PLC hardware software andsimulation controlwinbig and successful development, nowcontinue s to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good devel opment of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this uni que a dvantages,such

27、 as: has good compatibi lity, wi de availability,hardware is complete, andprogramming that can be mastered ina short time, so in thecontext of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many develope d country agriculture and i ndustry hasbee n applied,such as t he use of mechanic

28、al harvesting large areasof farmland, repeated operationson thehigh -speed l ine that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, thehigh levelof automation combined wit h restrictions on the mani pulatordevel opment level is slightly lower tha n the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine

29、by PLC Aut omationcontrol. Thisof design letdesigners on inschoolby learnof has a must of consolidation, understand hassome usuallydidnt opportunitie s awarene ss in worl d range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designerscan i n yihou of design in thecan success of

30、 using in thisdesign in the pr oceedsof experience 1.2 manipulator in bot h at home andabroad of resear ch profile automation mecha nical armresearchbegan Yu 20thcent ury medium-term, after years with withcomputer and aut omation technology of development, Makes mecha nical arm on theGrandstage of i

31、nd ustrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of massproduction and useon the production line,which isprogrammed robotic arm. As the first generationof manipulator position controlsuccessf ull

32、y complete like welding,painting, delivery as well as for materialssimple movements. Second generation mecha nical arms areequipped with sensors and manipulators have the environme nt there is acertain amountof sense, w hen the mechanical arm is to use theprogram as a basis. Difference is that the r

33、obot bega nd(8) 在理解工程量清單的概念時(shí)，首先應(yīng)注意到工程量清單是由C 提供的文件。A 工程造價(jià)中介機(jī)構(gòu)B工程招標(biāo)代理機(jī)構(gòu)C招標(biāo)人D投標(biāo)人(9)A 是為完成工程項(xiàng)目施工，發(fā)生于該工程施工前和施工過(guò)程中技術(shù)、生活、安全等方面的非工程實(shí)體項(xiàng)目。A 措施項(xiàng)目(10) 投資決策過(guò)程可進(jìn)一步分為規(guī)劃階段、項(xiàng)目建議書階段、可行性研究階段、評(píng)審階段。 由于不同階段所具備的條件和掌握的資料不同，因而投資估算的準(zhǔn)確程度也不同，正常情況下可行性研究階段的投資估算誤差率在CA 30%B 20%C 10%D 10%以內(nèi)在（ 11）工程量清單漏項(xiàng)或設(shè)計(jì)變更引起新的工程量清單項(xiàng)目， 其相應(yīng)綜合單價(jià)由承包人

34、提出，經(jīng)（ B）確認(rèn)后作為結(jié)算依據(jù)。A 造價(jià)咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)B發(fā)包人C造價(jià)管理部門（ 12）實(shí)行工程量清單報(bào)價(jià)宜采用 A 合同，承發(fā)包雙方必須在合同專用條款內(nèi)約定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用的計(jì)算方法。A 固定單價(jià)（ 13）在約定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍時(shí)， C 不應(yīng)包括在承包人的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍內(nèi)，價(jià)款調(diào)整方法應(yīng)當(dāng)在專用條款內(nèi)約定。A 自然災(zāi)害B不可預(yù)見性災(zāi)害C設(shè)計(jì)變更及施工條件變更D政策性調(diào)整（ 14）發(fā)包人要求承包人完成的合同外發(fā)生的用工等， 需經(jīng)發(fā)包方現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程師簽字認(rèn)可后實(shí)施，費(fèi)用按照（ D）計(jì)價(jià)。A 分部分項(xiàng)工程項(xiàng)目（ 15）規(guī)范中挖基礎(chǔ)土方工程量，按設(shè)計(jì)圖示尺寸以（C）計(jì)算。A 基礎(chǔ)底面積乘以挖土深度manipulator

35、 control mode and programmabl e controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulatorcontr ol 2.1.1 classificati onof control relaysand discrete electronic circuitcan controlold i ndustrial equi pment,but also morecommon. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned

36、,simple (orsimple) industrial equipment. Sohe can see them now,however t hese two contr ol mode s (relay and discrete electroniccircuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logiccontrol, (2) only for thecurrent project, the lack of com patibi lity and (3) not reforming the system

37、 with equi pment impr ovements. Spring for the development of Chinas modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in thelevel of industrial automation, com pleted the perfect relay of thecom puter too much.In terms of controlling the computer showedhis tw o great advantages: (1)

38、each of thehardware can be installe d on oneor more microprocessors; (2) theofficial designer of thesoftware writingcontent control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can oftenbe se en i n three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to asIPC); (2)

39、 Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the ProgrammableLogical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCScontrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought i

40、n terms of hardware there,usi ng a high level of standardization, ca n use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the ne ed for immediacy inoperational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used tocontrol and meet its speed, on the virtual model , real-time

41、a nd in computational requirements. Distri buted system started with a control system for industrial automatic i nstrument used tocontr ol, whereas now it issuccessfully developed intoindustrial controlcomputer used as acentral collection and distri bution system and transitionof distributedcontr ol

42、 system in analog ue handli ng, loop control,has begun t o reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous processcontr ol. Optimization of PLC is thecorre sponding relay needs was bor n, its mainuse in the w o

43、rk order control, earlyprimary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switchcontrolling the running order of functions. Markedby the microprocessor i n the early 1970 of the 20thcentury emerged, micro-el ectronics technology ha s devel ope d rapi dly, people soon microelectronics proc

44、essing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used a s a industrial robots inuse , thecontrol objectives oftenappear often in industrial automation. Industrialautomation technologyhas gradually matured, as mature a technology line ha s be en ra pid

45、development in industrialautomation asa separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechani cal processing, and ot her industries. Espe cially athighor very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases,high radiation case, robot insimilar circumstan ces showed gre

46、atuse a lsobrings great convenience to the staff. Preciselybe cause of this robot to get peoples attentionbegan t o be ahighdegreeof devel opment. Labor rates,workingconditions, labor intensive a spe cts of promoting development. Both athome and a broa d to develop thePLC (programmable logiccontroll

47、er) is i n various special circumstances and under spe cial conditionsset for mechanical devi ces. Now turned on the devel opment of the mitechnology and the rapi d developme nt of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software andsimulation controlwinbig and successful development, nowcontinue s

48、to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good devel opment of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this uni que a dvantages,such as: has good compatibi lity, wi de availability,hardwar e is complete, andprogramming that can be master

49、ed ina short time, so in thecontext of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many develope d country agriculture and i ndustry hasbee n applied,such as t he use of mechanical harvesting large areasof farmland, repeated operationson thehigh-speed line that uses a robotic arm,

50、and so on. Today, thehigh levelof automation combined wit h restrictions on the mani pulatordevel opment level is slightly lower tha n the international. The design is mainly arm welding machineby PLC Aut omationcontrol. Thisof design letdesigners on inschoolby learnof has a must of consolidation, understand hassome usuallydidnt opportunitie s awarene ss in worl d range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designerscan i n yihou of design in thecan success of using in this design in the pr ocee dsof experience 1.2 manipulator in bot h at home andabroad