高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致講解(整理版)

1、高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致講解(整理版)高中英語(yǔ)：主謂一致知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納一、概念：主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。這是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則。二、主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：語(yǔ)法一致，就近一致和意義一致。（一）、語(yǔ)法一致：主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式; 主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。1. 由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)：The wor

2、ker and writer _(be) from Wuhan.那個(gè)工人兼作家 The worker and the writer _ (be) from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家 The secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were（1）這部分主語(yǔ)表示的是兩個(gè)人或兩件不同的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： My brother and I have both seen that film. Both rice and wheat are grow

3、n in this part of China. The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.（2）這部分主語(yǔ)表示具有兩個(gè)身份或性質(zhì)的同一個(gè)人或一個(gè)完整的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,這時(shí) and 后面的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞。例： The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life. War and peace is a constant theme in history. One more knife and fork is needed.Bread and bu

4、tter is our daily food. Law and order has been established.（3）這部分主語(yǔ)前面有each, every, many a, no 等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例句： Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt. No sound and no voice is heard. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. Every minute and every second is precious.2. 動(dòng)名詞，不定式，主語(yǔ)從

5、句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句： Reading is a great pleasure in life. To live means to create. That we need more time is obvious. What is needed is food and medicine.3. 表示時(shí)間，金錢(qián)，距離，重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，被視為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句： Three thousand miles is a long distance. Eight hours of sleep is enough. Ten dollars is enough

6、for him.Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried4. 不定代詞anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句： Is anybody going to tell him the news ? Someone wants to see you.Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 5.倒裝

7、句中的語(yǔ)法一致Two pictures _ on the wall, which attract many people.On the wall _ two pictures, which attract many people.Their teacher _ among the students, who is in her thirties.Among the students _ their teacher, who is in her thirties.（二）就近原則1、由連詞or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, 連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做

8、主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和離它最近的哪個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)一致。例句：. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather. George or Tom is wanted.2、注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)決定。例句：. There arent

9、any letters in the mail for you today. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.3、名詞后面帶有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短語(yǔ)共同做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與這些短語(yǔ)前面的那個(gè)名詞的數(shù)一致。例句：. All but one were here just

10、 now. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. You as well as I are wrong.（三）意義一致1. 代詞none, neither, all的不可數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式由它們指的內(nèi)容決定例句：（1）All hope has gone.（2）All are agreed on this point.（3）Is there any

11、 milk in the fridge? No, there is none.（4）None has returned from the meeting.2. 集合名詞group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等名詞等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果看成一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果看成其中各成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式. 例句The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers.H

12、is family _very large. His family _music lovers.The group _ made up of nine students. The group_ dancing happily注意：集合名詞cattle, clothes, people, the police表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)復(fù)數(shù)。people 民族（可數(shù)名詞，peoples)3. 限定詞短語(yǔ)all of; none of; a lot of; 以及分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of .修飾名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由of 后面的名詞形式?jīng)Q定。例句：（1）None of these su

13、ggestions are very helpful.（2）I dont think any of us wants to work tomorrow.（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.4、代詞作主語(yǔ)Neither dog _ big. ( A. is B. are ) Neither of them _ big. ( A. is B. are )Neither rabbit _ handsome. ( A. is B. are )Neither of the rabbit

14、s _ handsome. ( A. is B. are )（neither + 單數(shù)名詞 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； noneneither of +可數(shù)名詞 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)；none of+不可數(shù)名詞 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)） 1）.None of these people _ doctors. A. has B. have C. are D. was 2）Neither of them _ a good singer. A. was B. is C. were D. is used to be3）.Neither of us _ (was/were) ready when the party beg

15、an.4）. None of them _ (has/have) watched the talk show.5、主語(yǔ)是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞deer, sheep, fish魚(yú),series系列, species物種, means手段, works工廠(chǎng), aircraft飛行器, ect.時(shí)，視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Eg: 1.) A new means has been used .2.) Many means have not come into effect.6、theadj.,表示一類(lèi)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如the old, the young, the rich, the p

16、oor等the+ adj.,表示某個(gè)人或一類(lèi)抽象的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如the beautiful, the good等。如，1 The old _ taken good care of in our society.2 The rich _ for the decision but the poor are against it.3 The wounded _ a young boy.4 The beautiful _not always the same as the good. 5 The new_ sure to replace the old.難點(diǎn)突破1. 主謂一致的考查主要體現(xiàn)在

17、單項(xiàng)選擇和短文改錯(cuò)兩個(gè)題型中。同學(xué)們?cè)诰毩?xí)和應(yīng)試時(shí)，遇到這樣的題時(shí)，要牢記主謂一致的三個(gè)基本原則。一定要根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容抓住關(guān)鍵的主語(yǔ)部分。同時(shí)還要考慮句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。2. one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與復(fù)數(shù)名詞一致。 the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.【典型例題】例1 E-mail,

18、as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play分析：帶有as well as 短語(yǔ)的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與這個(gè)名詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)一致，不受as well as 短語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的影響。E-mail是單數(shù)形式，故選擇A。例2 Either John or his friends _ to blame for the bad results.A. areB. isC. wasD. has been分析：eitheror.連接兩個(gè)

19、名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與離它最近的名詞的數(shù)和人稱(chēng)一致，本題中his friends 決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式，故選擇A。例3 The conductor and composer _ by a crowd of people.A. are greetedB. is greetedC. greetsD. have been greeted分析：根據(jù)句意，主語(yǔ)部分的The conductor and composer 是指一個(gè)人即：樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮兼作曲家， 所以主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容是單數(shù)形式，故選擇B。例4 The trousers _ you well, madam.But the colour _ me. A.

20、 fit; dont suit B. fits; doesnt suit C. fits; dont suit D. fit; doesnt suit分析：trousers, clothes, glasses,等名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Colour 是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，故選擇D。例5 The Smiths family, which _ rather a large one, _ very fond of their old house.A. were; wereB. was; wereC. were; wasD. was; was分析：family指“家庭”為單數(shù)，指“家庭

21、成員”為復(fù)數(shù)形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭” 謂語(yǔ)用was. 第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成員喜歡他們的老房子” 謂語(yǔ)為were，故選擇B。例6 He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. areC. have beenD. has been分析：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是“one of +復(fù)數(shù)形式”時(shí)， 其后的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而當(dāng)one之前有the only時(shí)， 定語(yǔ)從句則強(qiáng)調(diào)the only one，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。另外，題目中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)fo

22、r three years表明從句的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選擇D。例7 Three fifths of the police _ in the school near the town.A. has trainedB. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained分析：分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由分?jǐn)?shù)所指的名詞的形式（可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞）決定，police 是集合名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句子意思，police 與train 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選擇D。短文改錯(cuò)片段：1. Now my picture and the pr

23、ize is hanging in the library.分析：本句中主語(yǔ)Now my picture and the prize是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is應(yīng)改為are.2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.分析：本句第一行，根據(jù)全篇內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)當(dāng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞talked改為talk.第二行：根據(jù)句意：我們下課后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger應(yīng)當(dāng)與主語(yǔ)we一致，改為復(fù)數(shù)形式，strangers.3. But not all information are good to society.分析：主語(yǔ)information是不可數(shù)名詞，are應(yīng)改為is【模擬試題】1. Is there anybody in the classroom ?No, the teacher