主謂一致和就近就遠(yuǎn)原則

1、主謂一致和就近就遠(yuǎn)原則主謂一致和就近就遠(yuǎn)原則就近一致原則也稱“鄰近原則”“就近一致原則”，即：謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時(shí)不一定是主語）在“人稱、人數(shù)”上一致。一、在正式文體中：1.由下列詞語連接的并列主語：“there be+句型；or either.or;nor;neither.nor;whether.or;not.but;not only.but also”等。Eg.(1) What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行為或言談與我無關(guān)。(2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都沒錯(cuò)。(3)Not you

2、 but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父親該受責(zé)備。(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不僅你錯(cuò)了，他也錯(cuò)了。2.在倒裝句中，謂語可與后面第一個(gè)主語一致。Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在遠(yuǎn)處，能聽見鼓掌和人們的呼喊聲。(2) There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。非正式文體中：有時(shí)依“就近”和“意義”一

3、致的原則；但語法上，“no one”才是主語，謂語要改成“agrees”?！皩懽髦小币话阋馈罢Z法一致”原則?？偨Y(jié)：英語就近原則短語1. There be句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2. Neither.nor.Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right.3. either.or.Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai n

4、ext Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.4. not only.but also.Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Not only Anns parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就遠(yuǎn)原則謂語動(dòng)詞與前面主語一致代表詞匯：as well as;(together/along)with;Ratherthan;except;besides;but;inclu

5、ding;in addition to;apart from例子：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主謂一致一、 當(dāng)主語后面與with,as well as,but,except,like,rather than,no less than,besides,including等+名詞或代詞連用時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與第一個(gè)主語保持一致。1. The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_visiting a museum when the ear

6、thquake struck.A.was B.were C.had been D.would be2.A library with five thousand books_to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered3.E-mail,as well as telephone,_an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play4.Nobody but Ja

7、ne_the secret. A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known5.All but one_here just now. A.is B.was C.has been D.were二、當(dāng)either.or.;neither.nor.;not only.but also.等連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語保持一致。6.Either you or the headmaster_the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A.was handing out B.are to hand outC.a

8、re handing out D.is to hand out7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary_tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be三、當(dāng)“the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”，且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”，且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8.He is the only one of the students who_a winner of s

9、cholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been9.She is one of the few girls who_in the kindergarten.A.is well paid B.are well paid C.is paying well D.are paying well四、當(dāng)news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)概念，而在意義上是單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。10.Every possible means_to prevent the polluti

10、on,but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used五、當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)（百分?jǐn)?shù)）+of+名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于of后面名詞的數(shù)。11._of the land in that distrcit_covered with trees and glass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;areC.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are六、the number of.(.的數(shù)目)短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)a number of.(許多.)短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。12.The number of people invited_fifty,but a number of them_absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;was D.w