2020高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)三篇

1、精品文檔2020高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)三篇高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)（一）一、就近一致原則1 .由 or , not onlybut also. , neithernor，eitheror， whether.or ，notbut 等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最 近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。neither his parents nor i amable to persuade him to change his mind.2 .here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。here is a

2、ruler , a few pencils and two copybooks.二、意義一致原則1 .謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)的情況（1）表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works（工廠），news（消息）等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。politics is his favorite subject.（2）表示某些組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞、書/報(bào)名、國(guó)名、地名等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但所表示的意義是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。do you know when the united nations was set up?2 .謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況表示總稱意義的名詞，如 peo

3、ple , police , public , cattle 等 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the police are searching for the murderer.3 .謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式依據(jù)主語(yǔ)表示的意義而定(1)集體名詞，如 family , class , group , team, club , company government, population 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)其在語(yǔ) 境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞用復(fù)數(shù)。as far as i know, his fami

4、ly is not very large but the family are all music lovers.(2) “the+形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the poor were looked down upon in the old days.三、語(yǔ)法一致原則1 .由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)(1) “a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)”表示一個(gè)人(雙重身份)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。the teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.(2) “a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+a/the+名詞單數(shù)”表示兩

5、個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the teacher and the poet have just arrived.(3) “every+名詞單數(shù)+and+every+名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.（4）通常由兩個(gè)部件組成的物品如：a knife and fork （ 一副刀 叉）等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。bread and butter is not to his taste.2 .表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度及價(jià)格的名詞，盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式但 常

6、被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。is fifty pounds enough?3 .“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù) of 后的名詞的形式來(lái)定，如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形 式；如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。two-thirds of the books are about science.only 30% of the work was done yesterday.高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)（二）1. access to 接近,進(jìn)入（某地的）方法；通路the only access to that building is al

7、ong that muddytrack.到那棟建筑的通路是沿著那條泥濘的路走。2. according to 按照，依照，視 而定the work was done according to his instructions.那工作是依照他的指示做的。3. be addicted to 沉溺于， 對(duì) 上癮he became addicted to the drug.他上了毒癮。4. belong to 屬于this dictionary belongs to me.這本詞典是我的。5. contribute to 為 做貢獻(xiàn)，為 撰稿e(cuò)veryone should contribute wha

8、t he or she can afford to society.人人都應(yīng)該盡自己的能力為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)。6. devote to 獻(xiàn)身,致力于he has devoted his life to helping disabled people.他一生獻(xiàn)身于幫助殘疾人。7. due to 因?yàn)?，由?而起his lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway.他遲到是因高速公路上車輛過(guò)多所致。8. be equal to 與. 相當(dāng)，有能力勝任 的bill is quite equal to running the offic

9、e.比爾的能力足以管理這個(gè)部門。9. get close to 靠近,接近today many people like to go out to get close to nature.如今許多人喜歡到戶外去接近大自然。10. get down to開始做某事，認(rèn)真處理某事it s time i got down to some serious work.我該認(rèn)真干點(diǎn)正事了。11. hold to 忠于，堅(jiān)持，遵循whatever your argument, i shall hold to my decision.不管你怎樣爭(zhēng)辯，我將堅(jiān)持我的決定。12. help oneself to 自取

10、，自用（食物，飲料等）help yourself to a cigarette.請(qǐng)隨便用香煙吧。13. look forward to 盼望，期待we are so much looking forward to seeing you again.我們非常盼望再見(jiàn)到你。14. lead to 導(dǎo)致this misprint led to great confusion.這個(gè)印刷錯(cuò)誤造成很大的混淆。15. prefer.to.兩者間更喜歡 i prefer walking to cycling.我愿意步行，不愿意騎自行車。16. pay attention to 注意pay attention

11、to what the teacher is talking about!注意老師說(shuō)的話！17. refer to 提到，涉及到，關(guān)系到，參考,查閱what i have to say refers to all of you.我要說(shuō)的事和你們大家都有關(guān)。18. relate to 與 有關(guān)，涉及.wealth is seldom related to happiness.財(cái)富鮮于幸福有關(guān)。19. see to照看或處理某事物will you see to the arrangements for the next committee meeting?你來(lái)處理下次委員會(huì)會(huì)議安排，好嗎？20.

12、stick to堅(jiān)持,不改變或不放棄we don t want to hear your opinions; stick to the facts!我們不想聽(tīng)你的想法，只講事實(shí)！21 .turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于，轉(zhuǎn)而做the more depressed he got, the more he turned to drink.他情緒越低落越是借酒澆愁。22 .used to 習(xí)慣于， 適應(yīng)she is quite used to working hard.她很習(xí)慣做艱苦的工作。高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)（三）一、重要單詞用法例析1. below prep. & adv. 在 下面，低于

13、do not write below the line. 不要該橫線下寫字。我住在下一層i live on the floor below.2. concentrate vt. & vi. 集中于，專注i tried my best to concentrate my thoughts on the problem. 我努力讓自己集中思想在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上。3. meanwhile adv.在此其間，與此同時(shí)the train won t leave for an hour. meanwhile we can have lunch.火車還有一個(gè)小時(shí)才開，其間我們可以吃中飯。tom was a

14、t home studying. meanwhile, jon was out playing.tom在家學(xué)習(xí)，與時(shí)同時(shí)jon外出玩耍。搭配：in the meanwhile 同時(shí)，在此期間in the meanwhile i ll vis it an old friend of mine. 在這 期間我將去拜訪我的一位老朋友。4. gifted adj.有天分的；有天賦的he is a gifted musician.他是天才音樂(lè)家。5. seldom adv. 很少there is seldom snow in guangdong.廣東很少下雪。he seldom goes out on

15、sundays, does he?星期天他很少出去， 對(duì)嗎？seldom has there been such a happy meeting.過(guò)去彳艮少有過(guò)這樣愉快的會(huì)議。注意：(1)其后的反意疑問(wèn)句用肯定式;(2)位于句首時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用 部分倒裝。6. occupation n. 職業(yè)；占用，占據(jù)teaching is me occupation. 教書是我的職業(yè)。the old house is under my occupation.這所舊宅現(xiàn)已為我所有。辨析：occupation表示職業(yè)，較為正式，常用于表格；work工作， 不可數(shù)名詞;job職業(yè)，可數(shù)名詞，可指單獨(dú)一個(gè)任務(wù)，也可指工

16、作 職位profession 工作，是指需要特別技能/訓(xùn)練和高等教育的工 作;trade是指手藝工。7. eager adj.渴望的，熱切的she is eager to go home. 她很想回家。he is eager for a computer. 他渴望有臺(tái) 電腦。辨析：be anxious to do sth 急于做（強(qiáng)調(diào)著急）8. acquire vt. 獲得，取得she acquired a knowledge of the english by careful study.她認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)而精通英語(yǔ)。9. deny vt. 不認(rèn)，拒絕he denied telling me. =h

17、e denied that he had told me.他否認(rèn)他告訴過(guò)我。注意：后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用-ing形式。10. employ vt. 雇用，使用we employed a cook. 我們雇用了一個(gè)廚師。how do you employ your spare time?你是怎樣禾用你的空余 時(shí)間的？heis employed in watering the flowers.他正忙于給花澆水。11. cover vt. 蓋，遍布，走，采訪the red army covered 500 kilometers one day.紅軍一天要行走500公里。all the papers

18、 like to cover the affairs of the famous persons.很多報(bào)紙喜歡報(bào)道名人的韻事。二、詞組句型用法例析1. accuse . of.控告某人犯某罪i accused donny of stealing money. 我控告 donny偷盜。2. so as to (do sth.) 為了we got up early so as to catch the first train.我們?cè)缙鹨员阕系谝话嘬?。辨析：so as to.不能位于句首，此時(shí)可用 in order to.in order not to be late for school, we

19、 must get up early. 為了上學(xué)不遲到，我們須早起。3. defend.against. 防衛(wèi) 免受our duty is to defend our country against the enemies.我們的職責(zé)是保衛(wèi)我們的國(guó)家免受敵人的侵襲。4. have a nose for sth.有探查或發(fā)現(xiàn)某事物的能力新課標(biāo)第一網(wǎng)that reporter has a nose for news.那位記者對(duì)新聞特另u敏感。5. the sameas./such.ashe is such a kind man as all like.他是個(gè)人人喜歡的善良的人。（as作like的賓

20、語(yǔ)）注：在定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞中包含有the same, such, so等時(shí)，要用as來(lái)引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系代詞as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)等。比較： he is such a kind man that all like him. （that不作任何句子成分）三、課文長(zhǎng)句難句剖析if the person being interviewed agrees, we sometimes use small recorders to makesure that we get all our facts straight.剖析：being interviewed 是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式做定語(yǔ)， 修飾the per

21、son, 相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句 who is being interviewed; 不定式短語(yǔ) to make sure that. 作目的狀語(yǔ)；句中的straight 是副詞，意為“直 接地”。譯文：如果得到被采訪人允許，我們有時(shí)使用小型錄音機(jī)，保證 我們能夠直接記錄下全部事實(shí)。四、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納1 .全部倒裝就是將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。全部倒裝通常用于:（1）here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首時(shí)then came the chairman.那時(shí)總裁來(lái)了。here is your letter. 你的信。12精品文檔(2)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置

22、于句首時(shí)out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轟炸機(jī)肚底下竄出一枚導(dǎo)彈。ahead sat an old woman.前面坐著一個(gè)老嫗。、/、4、1、廣注息：主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，而不能是代詞。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是be, come, go, lie, run 等表示來(lái)去或狀態(tài) 的動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)通常是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2 .部分倒裝就是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞或be移到主語(yǔ)前。 如果句子的謂語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有這類詞，則在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。部分倒裝用于：(1)否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)，如 no, not, neve

23、r, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until.等位于句首時(shí)。never have i seen such a performance.從未見(jiàn)過(guò)如止匕糟糕的表演。nowhere will you find the answer to this question.無(wú)論如何你不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案的。hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.她剛出門，就有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)訪。no sooner had she gone out than a student cam

24、eto visit her.她剛出門，就有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)訪。not until the child fell asleep didthe mother leave the room.母親一直到孩子入睡后離開房間。注意：hardlywhen., no soonerthan 或 not only.but also.中，都是前一句倒裝，后句不倒；not until. 后接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句不倒，主句倒。真題：（1）not until i began to work how much time ihad waited.（全國(guó)）a didn t i realize b did i realize c i d

25、idn t realize di realized解析：not until.位于句首，主句主謂要用部分倒裝，排除 c和d;not until 句型中不再用否定，故選b。(3)so, neither, nor 表示“也”或“也不”時(shí)tom can speak french. so can jack.湯姆會(huì)講法語(yǔ)， 杰克也會(huì)。if you go to the park tomorrow, so will i.如果你明天去公園，我也去。he hasn t gone there. neither /nor have you.他沒(méi)有去那里，你也沒(méi)去。注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子是對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可 用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為的確如此”。如：tom asked me to go to play football and so i did.湯姆邀 我去踢球，我去了-it s raining hard. 雨下得真大。-so it is. 是呀。(3) “only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)only in this way, can you learn english well.只有這樣，你才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。only then did i r