初高中英語(yǔ)銜接--代詞復(fù)習(xí)

1、代詞講解和訓(xùn)練代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代 詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。一、 人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱主格iyou賓格meyou主格weyou賓格usyouhehis第三人稱theythem2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語(yǔ)，賓格作賓語(yǔ)。如：i like table tennis. （作主語(yǔ)）do you know him?（作賓語(yǔ)）3.人稱代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如：-whos is knocking at the door?-it

2、s me.4.人稱代詞在 than 之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如 ：he is older than me.he is older than i am.二、物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如 下表所示。物主代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞型myyourhis名詞型mineyourshisher hers第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱itsouryourtheiritsoursyourstheirs2. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：our teacher is coming to see us

3、.this is her pencil-box.3. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。our school is here， and theirs is there.（作主語(yǔ)）- is this english-book yours? （作表語(yǔ)）- no. mine is in my bag.ive already finished my homework. have you finished yours? （作賓語(yǔ)）三、指示代詞指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。1. this 和 these 一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，tha

4、t 和 those則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如：this is a pen and that is a pencilwe are busy these daysin those days the workers had a hard time2. 有時(shí) that 和 those 指前面講到過(guò)的事物，this 和 these 則是指下面將要講到的事物，例如：i had a cold. thats why i didnt come.what i want to say is this ; pronunciat ion is very important in learning englis

5、h3. 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用 that 或 those 代替，例如：television sets made in beijing are just as good as those made in shanghai4. this 在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that 則代表對(duì)方。例如：hello! this is mary. is that jack speaking?四、反身代詞英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我們自己”，“你們自己”等意義的代 詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。1. 作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作

6、的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或一些人。 he called himself a writerwould you please express yourself in english?2. 作表語(yǔ)。it doesnt matterill be myself soonthe girl in the news is myself3. 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，表示親自或本人。i myself washed the clothes（=i washed the clothes myself.）（作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)）you should ask the teacher himself（作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)

7、）五、 不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 現(xiàn)將幾個(gè)常用的不定代詞舉例說(shuō)明如下：1. some 與 any 的區(qū)別1）some 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單 數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。look! some of the students are cleaning the library.some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any 多用于疑問(wèn)句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可 以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。if yo

8、u have an y questions， please ask me.there isnt any orange in the bottle.have you got any tea?3）any 和 some 也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any 多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，some 多 用于肯定句中。h ow many people can you see in the picture?h cant see any.if you have no money， ill lend you some.【注意】與 some， any 結(jié)合的詞如 something， somebody， someon

9、e， anything， any one， anybody 在肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中的用法，大致和 some， any 的用法 相同。2. few， a few， little， a little 在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作形容詞：im going to buy a few apples.he can speak only a little chinese.there is only a little milk in the glass.he has few friends.they had little money with them.2）a little 和 little 也可以用作

10、副詞，a little 表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little 表示“很少”。im a little hungry. (修飾形容詞 hungry)l et him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞 sleep)m ary， go a little faster， please. (修飾副詞比較級(jí))she slept very little last night.3. other， the other， another， others， the others 的區(qū)別1）other 可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。 where are his other bo

11、oks?i havent any other books except this one.2）other 也可以用作代詞，與冠詞 the 連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一 個(gè)”。常與 one 搭配構(gòu)成“one .， the other .”句型。he has two brothers. one is 10 years old ， the other is 5 years old.she held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other 作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的

12、人或物”。常與 some 搭配構(gòu)成 “some .， others .”句型。s ome went to the cinema， others went swimming.t his coat is too large. show me some others， please.4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。we got home by 4 oclock， but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock.in our class only tom is english， the others are chinese.5）

13、another 可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”，還可以跟代詞 one. you can see another ship in the sea， cant you?mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. would you please show her another one?6）another 也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個(gè)”。im still hungry after ive had this cake. please give me another.4. ever y 與 each 的區(qū)別the teacher gave a toy to

14、each child.each ball has a different colour.當(dāng)我們說(shuō) each child， each student 或 each teacher 時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而 當(dāng)我們說(shuō) every child 和 every student 時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every 的意思與 all 接近， 表示他們都如此。every student loves the english teacher. = all students love the english teacher.every child likes playing. = all childr

15、en like playing.5. all 和 both 的用法。1）all 指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既 可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句 中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。all of us like mr pope. 我們都喜歡 pope 先生。（作主語(yǔ)）= we all like mr pope. (作同位語(yǔ))all the water has been used up. (作主語(yǔ))thats all for today. (作表語(yǔ))why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語(yǔ))all the leaders are here. (作定語(yǔ))2）b

16、oth 作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出 現(xiàn)，表示“兩個(gè)都”。lucy and lily both agree with us.they both passed on their sticks at the same time.how are your parents? theyre both fine.與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。both of them came to see mary.both of the books are very interesting.單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者（都）”。michael has two sons. both are clever.i

17、 dont know which book is the better， i shall read both.3）both 用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。both his younger sisters are our classmates.there are tall trees on both sides of the street.六、相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有 each other 和 one another 兩種形 式。在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，each other 和 one another 沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語(yǔ)，定 語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)用

18、時(shí)，相互代詞用所有格形式。we should learn from each other / one another. （作賓語(yǔ)）do you often write to each other / one another? （作賓語(yǔ)）we often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定語(yǔ)）the students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework.（作定 語(yǔ)）七、 疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞有 who，whom，whose，what 和 which 等。疑

19、問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中， 一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語(yǔ)）what is that?(作表語(yǔ))whose umbrella is this?(作定語(yǔ))whom are you waiting for? (作賓語(yǔ))八.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who ， whose， whom， that， which. 它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ). 在主句中，它 們還代表著從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞。例如：i hate people who talk m

20、uch but do little.im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.with the money that he had saved， he went on with his studies.do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?【演練】1. tom， please pass _ the glasses. i want to read the newspapers.a. you b. me c. him d. her2. th

21、e english novel is quite easy for you. there are _ new words in it.a. a little b. little c. a few d. few3. -you want _ sandwich?-yes， i usually eat a lot when im hungry.a. other b. another c. others d. the other4. the doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight sars. they think more of others t

22、han _.a. they b. them c. themselves d. theirs5. -which do you prefer， a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?-_， thanks. id like a cup of tea.a. either b. neither c. both d. none6. -oh! i came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.-never mind. you can have _.a. us b. ours c. . yours7. -can i come this

23、 evening or tomorrow morning?-_ is ok. im free today and tomorrow.a. either b. neither c. both d. none8. -how are you going to improve _ this term?-work harder than last term.a. ourselves b. myself c. himself d. yourself9. -could you tell me _ she is looking for?-her cousin， susan.a. that b. whose c

24、. who d. which10. -is _ here?-no. li lei and han mei have asked for leave.a. everybody b. somebody c. . nobody11. paul has _ friends except me， and sometimes he feels lonely.a. many b. some c. few d. more12. if you want to book a round-trip ticket， youll have to pay _ $ 30.a. more b. other c. the other d. another13. -do you live by yourself， mr wang?-yes. i have two sons. but _ of them lives with me. they are now studying in america?a. neither b.