高三復(fù)習(xí)狀語從句講解

1、高三復(fù)習(xí)狀語從句講解狀語從句復(fù)習(xí)定義：在復(fù)合句中作狀語的句子叫狀語從句。用來修飾主句或 主句中 的動詞，形 容詞和副詞等.分類 : 根據(jù)其表達(dá)的意思和句中的作用不同 ,可分為 : 時(shí)間 , 地點(diǎn) , 原因 , 目的, 結(jié)果 , 讓步 ,比較 , 方式 , 條件九種狀語從句 .一、 .時(shí)間狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞 :1）當(dāng) 時(shí)候 when, while, as2) 一旦 once3) 一就as soon ashardlywhen/scarcely before(when)/no sooner thanthe moment, the instant, the minute, the second,dir

2、ectly, immediately, instantly4) before, after5) until (till)6) since 自從2.時(shí)間狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來 , 一般過去時(shí)表過去將來 , 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來 完成時(shí).ill tell you as soon as he arrives.once you began, you couldnt stop.3.till 和 until1)一般可互換 2)置于句首時(shí),只用 until注意 :1）當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的 ,要用肯定形式 until. / 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是短暫性的 ,要用否定形式 not.until.wait unti

3、l he comesdont leave until he comes.2) not until 從句位于句首時(shí),主句要進(jìn)行部分倒裝 ,這時(shí) until 不能換成 tille.g. not until she finished her exercises, did she go home.not until all the fish died in the river, did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.3) not until 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句e.g. it was not until she finished her

4、exercises that she went home.it was not until all the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.4.when 和 whilewhen 從句中既可是延續(xù)性動詞 (段時(shí)間),也可以是短暫性動詞 (點(diǎn)時(shí)間)while 從句中只能是延續(xù)性動詞 (段時(shí)間)e.g. while i was reading she came in (=when)when the clock struck twelve, all the lights w

5、ent out.5.since 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 (從句常用一般過去時(shí).主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) )常見句型: it is (has been)+ 時(shí)間段+ since sb did sth 自從 以來,有多長時(shí)間 . 如果從句中是短暫性動詞,可直接翻譯如果從句中是延續(xù)性動詞,則表示動作或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束e.g. great changes have taken place since you left .it is years since he was in beijing. 他離開北京好幾年了。it is three years since my father smoked. 我父親戒煙 3 年了。it

6、 is three years since my father began to smoke. 我父親吸煙 3 年了。6.在 no sooner than , hardly when 和 scarcelybefore/when 結(jié)構(gòu)中 , 主句常用 過去完成時(shí) ,從句常用一般過去時(shí) ,如果否定詞置于句首 ,主句要用部分倒裝.e.g.1) he had no sooner got to the cinema than the film began.他一到影院,電影就開始了。 = no sooner had he got to the cinema than the film began.1) s

7、he had hardly reached beijing when she went to france=hardly had she reached beijing when she went to france.他一到北京接著就去了法國。1 / 4高三復(fù)習(xí)狀語從句講解二、地點(diǎn)狀語引導(dǎo)詞 where (在某個(gè)地方),wherever（在任何一個(gè)地方）e.g. where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。i found my book where i left it. 我在放書的地方找到了我的書。ill work where i studie

8、d and lived. 我將在我曾經(jīng)生活學(xué)習(xí)的地方工作。 please sit wherever you like(to sit). 你喜歡坐哪兒就坐哪兒。三、原因狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞 : because （經(jīng)常用于回答 why 的提問）assince / now that (既然，由于)for (常為并列連詞 ，不位于句首, 可以表示推斷的理由)以上這些詞不能與 so 連用e.g.1) -why cant you join us in the game?-because im too busy.2) i must stop writing now as i have rather a lot

9、 of work to do.3) now（that） i am well again, i can go on with my work.4) there must be no one in the house for the door is closed. (for 表推測)2) it must have rained last night , for the ground is wet. (for 表推測)四、目的狀語從句目的狀語從句常由 so that (多用于后面 )in order that（前后均可）等引導(dǎo)。e.g. he got up early so that he coul

10、d get there in time.she studies hard in order that she can enter that college.五. 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句常由 so that , such that , so that 等引導(dǎo)e.g. 1) he became so angry that he couldnt speak.2) they made such rapid progress that the teacher praised them.注意 : 1. so that 后既可跟目的狀從，也可跟結(jié)果狀從。e.g. 1) please raise your

11、voice so that all of us may hear. (目的)2) he is ill , so that he is in bed. (結(jié)果)2. 在 so (such) that 結(jié)構(gòu)中so 修飾 adj.或 adv.such 修飾名詞但當(dāng)名詞被 many, much , little, few 等表數(shù)量的詞修飾時(shí)，只能用 so.so + adj. / adv.adj. + a(an) + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)many, much , little(少), fewsuch + a(an) + adj. + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)adj. + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)adj. + 不可數(shù)名詞eg. 1) h

12、e made so many mistakes that the teacher criticized him.2) there was so much dust that we couldnt see what was happening.3) they are such little（?。?children that the old man didnt blame them.4) such little （?。゜ugs eat so little（少） food.六. 讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句常由 though ,although , as 雖然；盡管even if = even thou

13、gh 即使wh-ever(whatever, whichever, whenever, however等)= no matter +wh-(no matter what, no matter when, no matter how 等)eg. even if you dont like that , you should still be polite. though / although i like speaking english, i dont like writing it very much. 注意：1）. though / although/as 不能和 but 連用，但可以和

14、still 和 yet 連用。 eg. though / although he is young , yet (still) he knows a lot. he is very young , but he knows a lot.2 / 42）although 常位于句首，不倒裝高三復(fù)習(xí)狀語從句講解2) a car runs a great deal faster than a bike. 3.比較的對象應(yīng)相同。though 可倒裝，也可不倒裝as 必須倒裝，常提前句中最后一個(gè)成分，常為 adj. adv. v. n.(不帶冠詞 )。 如果動詞提前放在句首，謂語要補(bǔ)加助動詞 do , d

15、oes, did1 child as / though he is, he knows a lot.1 cold as / though it was, he went out for a walk.2 bravely though / as they fought , they had no chance of winning.3 try as / though they would, they could not complete the task in time.1 try as he did , he didnt succeed.3）. however , no matter how

16、引導(dǎo)的狀語從句常為：however/no matter how + adj./ adv. + 主語 + 謂語e.g. however / no matter how pure the water looks, i prefer not to drink it.七比較狀語從句1比較狀語從句常用 as.as / not so (as).as ;e.g.1).the weather here is warmer than that of shanghai.2).the radios made in our factory are better than those ( made ) in your

17、factory. 3).the population of china is larger than that of any other country.4. 比較的對象不能相互包容。比較級+ than + any other + 單數(shù)名詞all ( the ) other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞anyone elseany of the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞the rest of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞1). the mississippi river is longer than any other river in the united states.2). china is larger

18、than any other country in asia.中國比亞洲任何別的國家都大。any country in africa.中國比非洲任何國家都大。the same .as / not the same .as5. more a than b與其說 b 倒不如說 a比較級+thanthe more .the more 越 越e.g. 1) i think it is as hot as ( it was ) yesterday.2) he runs faster than i (do).3) the more you talked, the less attention he pai

19、d to you.注意 : 1. 在同級比較中，當(dāng)比較的形容詞跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，要用 “as + adj. + a( an ) + n. + as ” 結(jié)構(gòu)e.g. 1) the hole is as deep a well as any one in this area.2) this is as good a map as that one.2.修飾比較級的程度副詞：rather, much ,still, even , far, by far ,a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal, any ( 用于否定句或疑問句 )。e.g. 1) the st

20、udents study even harder than before.shes more shy than unfriendly. 與其說她不友好，不如說她害羞。 6. 否定 + 比較級=最高級i have never seen a better film .這是我看過的最好的一部電影。 7.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法1).times as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + asthis table is 3 times as big as that one.2) .times + 形容詞 /副詞比較級 + thanthe table is twice bigger than that one.3). .time

21、s + the + size (length)+ ofthis table is 3 times the size of that one.8. 注意 no+比較級 +than 的特殊含義及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)a is not more careful than b a 并不比 b 更仔細(xì) （客觀陳述）3 / 4a is no more careful than b a 和 b 兩人都不仔細(xì) （對兩者的否定）e.g. mary was no more careful than john, so they were both blamed by the teacher. mary 和 john 都不仔細(xì)

22、，因此兩人都受到了老師的責(zé)備。9. 注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略現(xiàn)象在日常用語中，彼此都明白的比較對象往往省略。1). - what do you think of the film?- i have never seen a better one (than this film)2). toms composition, if not better (than jacks), is at least as good as jacks.高三復(fù)習(xí)狀語從句講解3). in case john comes, please tell him to wait.4). suppose supposing (tha

23、t) i dont have a day off, what shall we do? 5).you can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.比較：if only (如果就好了) / only if (只要)1).if only i had known it, i wouldnt have troubled him. (= if )2) if only i were a bird.(= i wish that.)3).only if we try our best, will we achieve success. （主句常用倒裝）3

24、).the pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good.( as the ones in this shop)八. 方式狀句從句方式狀語從句常由 as if(though) 似乎；好象(just) as 正如do as you are told to, or youll be fired.按照你被告訴的去做，要不然你就會被解雇。 注: as if as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣 , 但如果從句陳述的情況是真狀語從句需注意的問題：1 連詞的誤用用 because(since, as),不用 so用 though( although, as),不用 but狀語從句和主句決不能用 and 連接誤：if you leave it with me, and i will take care of it.正：leave it with me, and i will take care of it. 如果你把它交給我，我會照顧。實(shí)的或有可能是現(xiàn)實(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。