高一虛擬語氣詳解

1、第六次 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣: 動詞的一種特殊形式，用來表達說話人的愿望、請求、意圖、建議、驚奇、設想等.一：語氣的種類陳述語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)是現實的、確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。 there are two sides to every question. 每個問題都有兩個方面。were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙嗎？how good a mother she is! 她是多好的一位母親啊！祈使語氣：表示說話人對對方的請求或命令。如：never be late again! 再也不要遲到了。 dont (you) forg

2、et to turn off the light. 別忘了關燈。虛擬語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設或推測等。如： if i were a bird, i could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。i wish i could pass the examination.我希望我能通過考試。二：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣1. 在動詞 wish 后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 從句動作與 wish 同時發(fā)生：從句用過去式 did 或 werei wish i knew the answer to the question. i wish

3、i were a bird.從句動作發(fā)生在 wish 之前：從句用過去完成時（肯定句也可用 could+have gone）.i wish i hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不該浪費這么多時間。(事實上已浪費了)he wishes he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望沒有失去機會。(其實已失去)例題：i wish i _ longer this morning, but i had to get up and come to class.a. could have slept b. slept c. might have slept d.

4、have slept從句動作發(fā)生在 wish 之后：從句用would/should/could/might + do.i wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停止。(事實上雨還在下著呢)i wish she would change her mind. 我希望她會改變主意。2. 在表示建議、命令、要求等動詞后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣常用的此類動詞有：要求：ask, desire, request, demand, require命令、主張：order, command, insist提議、勸告、建議： propose, suggest, recommend, adv

5、isehe insisted that we (should ) tell him the truth.when i suggested that he try the new way, he said no.注意：she insists that she is right. (表 “認為”,相當于 think, believe,不用虛擬語氣)his pale face suggests that he is ill. (表 “表明,暗示”時不用虛擬語氣) )例題： it is politely requested by the hotel that radios _ after 11 ocl

6、ock at night.a. were not played b. not be played c. not to play d. did not play3. would rather 后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣謂語動詞用過去式表示現在或將來，用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反。i would rather he came tomorrow.i ohn would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.注：若某人愿自己做某事，would rather 后用動詞原形.i would rather stay at ho

7、me todayid rather have met her yesterday. (id like to have met her yesterday, but i didnt.)would ratherthan 中用動詞原形. i would rather stay at home than go out today4. “had hoped”后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣“had hoped”表示原來希望做到而實際上未能實現的事情，其賓語從句的謂語用“would+動詞原形”。i had hoped that she would go to the u.s. and study there, b

8、ut she said she liked to stay in china.5.“it is /was +形容詞/過去分詞 + that”結構中,主語從句中使用虛擬語氣結構中形容詞/過去分詞是表示愿望、建議、請求、命令、可能、適當、較好、迫切、緊近、重要等, 其后的主語從句的謂語用虛擬語氣, 形式為: (should)do常用的形容詞：natural (自然的), appropriate (適當的), advisable (合適的), preferable (更可取的), necessary (必 須的), important (重要的), urgent（緊迫的）常用的過去分詞: requi

9、red (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被請求的), desired (要求) suggested (建議), recommended (推薦) orderd (命令)it was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.it is required that nobody (should) smoke here.it is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.

10、6. 虛擬語氣用在表語從句或同位語從句中表示建議, 請求, 命令的名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句用虛擬語氣，形式為(should)do. 這類名詞常見的 有：demand ( 要求), desire ( 請求),requirment ( 要求) order ( 命令), advice ( 勸告), recommendation ( 建議), suggestion (建議), proposal (提議), plan (計劃), idea (辦法)we are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off我們都贊成你提出的將討論延期的建議。

11、my advice/ my idea is that we (should) leave at once.三. 狀語從句中的虛擬語氣1. if 引導的條件句中與現在事實相反 與過去事實相反 與將來事實可能相反if 從句過去時(did/ were)過去完成時(had done)過去時/ should+do / were +to do主句would/ should/ could/ might + do would/ should/ could/ might + have done would/ should/ could/ might + doif i were you, i would acce

12、pt his offer.if he had listened to me, he would have succeeded.if it should rain tomorrow, i would stay at home.注意: 條件句中可把 if 省掉,提前 had, should, were 構成倒裝.were i you, had he listened to me, should it rain tomorrow,without(若沒有), but for (要不是) otherwise(否則), but 等可用來表虛擬.without / but for your help, i

13、couldnt have succeeded.it rained yesterday, otherwise i would have gone to the party.i could have gone to the party, but it rained yesterday.錯綜時間句: 若主句和從句的動作不同時發(fā)生, 則要根據具體的時間分別考慮.if he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.(從句與過去相反用過去完成時; 主句與現在相反用 would/ should/ could/ might + do)2. as i

14、f/ as though 引導的從句中1 若從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生, 則從句用過去時. he looked as if he were drunk.2 若從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前, 則從句用過去完成時. he talked as if he had been to the mars. 若從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后, 則從句用 would/ should/ could/ might + do.注意: as if/ as though 引導的從句中也常用陳述語氣, 表可能性較大.it looks as if it is going to rain. it seems as if they a

15、re in a hurry.3. in case (萬一), lest (惟恐), for fear that (惟恐)引導的狀語從句中, 有時用 should,表 “萬一”take an umbrella in case it should rain.he started early for fear that he should / might be late.4. so that, in order that 引導的狀語從句中, 謂語常用 can, could, may, might + do.i started early so that i could catch the early

16、 bus.四. 定語從句中的虛擬語氣在 it is（high /about）time 后邊的 that 從句中，動詞用過去式，表示早該做某事了。例：dont you think it is time you _ smoking?a. give up b. gave up c. would give up d. must give up答案：b五. if only 特殊結構: if only “要是就好了”, 與現在相反,用過去時; 與過去相反,用過去完成時; 與將來相反,可用 would/ should/ could/ might + do.if only i were young!if on

17、ly i had met her yesterday!if only we could have a day off tomorrow!虛擬語氣練習題(高考)1. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken2. i didnt see your sister at the meeting. if she _, she would have met my brother.a. has come b

18、. did come c. came d. had come3. if he _, he _that food. luckily he was sent to hospital immediately.a. was warned; would not take b. had been warned; would not have takenc. would be warned; had not taken d. would have been warned; had not taken4. i insist that a doctor_ immediately.a. has been sent

19、 for b. sends for c. will be sent for d. be sent for5. the rice_ if you had been more careful.a. would not be burning b. would not burn c. would not have been burnt d. would not burnt6. if it_ for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterday.a. were not; could have climbed b. were not; could climbc. had not

20、 been; could have climbed d. had not been; could climb7. -we could have walked to the station; it was so near. -yes. a taxi_ necessary at all.a. wasnt b. hadnt been c. wouldnt be d. wont be8. yesterday, jane walked away from discussion. otherwise she _ something she would regret later.a. had said b.

21、 said c. might say d. might have said9. you didnt let me drive. if we_ in turn, you_ so tired.a.drove, didnt get b.drove; wouldnt get c.were driving; wouldnt get d.had driven; wouldnt have got 10. if only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldnt suffer so much now.a. lies b. lay c. had lain d. shouldnt lie11. he is talking so much about america as if he _ there.a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone12. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be13. i _ you some money,