一般過去時(shí)講解

1、1. 一般過去時(shí)(1) 一般過去時(shí)的概念、結(jié)構(gòu)以及用法一般過去時(shí)用來(lái)表示過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及過去習(xí)慣性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過去式，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday昨天、last night 昨晚、last week 上周、last year 去年，等。一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在句子中由主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式來(lái)表達(dá)。1. He walks to school.( 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))2. He walked to school.( 一般過去時(shí))例1.中的動(dòng)詞 walks時(shí)現(xiàn)在式，由于主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)he,因此原因的walk必須加上 “ s” ,

2、表示目前習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。可譯為“他現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常步行上 學(xué)”。例2.中的動(dòng)詞walked是過去式，過去式是敘述過去事情的動(dòng)詞形式，所以這句話時(shí) 表示的是過去的某時(shí)，例如昨天、上周或?qū)W生時(shí)代等過去的某一時(shí)間，這句可譯為“他曾經(jīng)步行上學(xué)”。(2) 般過去時(shí)的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)1. be動(dòng)詞的過去式am與 is的過去式是 wasare的過去式是 werebe動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)的句型如下：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞的過去式(was were ) 否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞的過去式(was, were ) + not 疑問句：be動(dòng)詞的過去式(was, were ) +主語(yǔ)?OHe was busy yesterday.( 肯

3、定句)他昨天很忙。O He was not busy yesterday.( 否定句)他昨天不忙。OWas he busy yesterday?( 疑問句)他昨天忙嗎？(1) be動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的肯定句Mike was in the Uni ted States last year.麥克去年在美國(guó)。be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式和過去式：There is (are )的句型用于一般過去時(shí)需把is , are變?yōu)樗鼈兊倪^去式：There was (were) (2) be動(dòng)詞過去式的否定句He was not in Ca nada last year.他去年不在加拿大。be動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)和現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，只

4、要在be動(dòng)詞過去式(was, were )后面加上n ot就可以了。否定式的 was not , were n ot大多使用縮寫形式 was nt和were nt .I wasn t busy the other day.前幾天我不 忙。(3) be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)的疑問句(一般疑問句)Was it raining in Beiji ng yesterday?Yes, it was.No, it wasn t. I t was cloudy.昨天北京下雨了嗎？是的，下了不，沒下雨。昨天北京陰天。be動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，只要把be動(dòng)詞的過去式 was, were調(diào)到主語(yǔ)前面即

5、可。 was (were ) + 主語(yǔ)?回答時(shí)，需要用 Yes,was (were). 或 Ncwasn t (weren t)Was your father free this morning?今天上午你爸爸有空嗎？Yes, he was .是的，他有空。No, he wasn t . 不，他沒空。練習(xí)題一、 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Iat school just now.2.Heat the camp last week.3.Westude nts two years ago.4.Theyon the farm a mome nt ago.9 / 75.Yang Lingeleve n

6、 years old last year.6.Therean apple on the plate yesterday.7.Theresome milk in the fridge on Sun day.8.The mobile phoneon the sofa yesterday evening.2. 一般動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí) 一般動(dòng)詞過去式的基本句型如下:肯定句： 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式否定句： 主語(yǔ)+ did not +動(dòng)詞原形疑問句：Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？肯定句）他上周打網(wǎng)了。O He played tennis last week.（O He did not play tennis last

7、 week.（否定句）上周他沒打網(wǎng)球。O Did he play tennis last week?（疑問句）上周他打網(wǎng)球了嗎?規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式1一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加look t looked play t played-edo startt started visitt visitedpull-pulled, cook-cooked2. 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加live t lived use t used taste-tasted3. 以輔音字母+ y 纟吉尾的動(dòng)詞，先將y-d。改為i ,再加-edostudy t studied try t tried fly t fl

8、ied4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音+兀音+輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞， 要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加-edostop t stopped plan t planned prefer t preferred那么什么是重讀閉音節(jié)？ 必須是重讀音節(jié) 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾 元音字母發(fā)短音總結(jié)來(lái)說就是：一元一輔，又重又短例子：beg drag drop drip （滴下）5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式需特殊記憶。(1) 把動(dòng)詞原形中的i改為a,變成過去式。如：beginbegan , drink drank , give gave, ring rang , sing sang, sitsat,

9、swim swam(2) 把重讀開音節(jié) 中的i改為o,變成過去式。如：drive drove， ride rode，write wrote(3) 改動(dòng)詞原形中的aw /ow為ew,變成過去式。如：draw drew , grow grew , know knew , throw threw (動(dòng)詞 show 除夕卜， show showed)(4) 動(dòng)詞原形中的e改為o，變成過去式。如：get got, forget forgot(5) 動(dòng)詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過去式。如：feedfed, meet met(6) 動(dòng)詞原形中的eep改為ept ,變成過去式。如：keep kept , sl

10、eep slept , sweep swept(7) 動(dòng)詞原形中的eak改為oke ,變成過去式。如：breakbroke , speak spoke(8) 動(dòng)詞原形中的ell改為old ,變成過去式。如：sell sold , tell told(9) 動(dòng)詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過去式。如：sta nd stood , un dersta ndun derstood(10) 以ought和aught結(jié)尾，且讀音是:t的過去式。如：bring brought , buy bought , think thought, catch caught , teach taught(11 )以oul

11、d結(jié)尾且讀音為ud的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 過去式。如：can could , shall should , will would(12) 把動(dòng)詞原形中的 o改為a,變成過去式。如：come came , become became(13) 在動(dòng)詞原形后加 d或t變成過去式，并且發(fā)生音變。如：hear heard , meanmeant(14) 動(dòng)詞的過去式與動(dòng)詞原形一樣。如：letlet , must must , putput , read read , costcost , cut cut , hit hit , put put , hurt hurt(15) 不符合上述規(guī)律的動(dòng)詞過去式。如：am ,

12、 is was ,are were ,build built ,do did ,eat ate ,fall fell,feel felt, find found , fly flew ,gowent ,have/ has had ,hold held ,leave left, make made ,may might,runran ,see saw ,take took ,say said 1. 一般動(dòng)詞過去式的肯定句昨天我們過得很愉快。昨天他過得很高興。We had a good time yesterday.He had a good time yesterday.般過去時(shí)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變

13、化。因此，主語(yǔ)即使是單數(shù)、第三人稱，也和其他人稱一樣化。OI watched TV for an hour.我看了一個(gè)小時(shí)的電視。O She studied Russia n two years ago.兩年前他學(xué)俄語(yǔ)。2. 一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的否定句We did not have a good time yesterday.昨天我們過得不好。一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)夠定句的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，不論主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱，還是單、復(fù)數(shù)，在主語(yǔ)后面加上 did not（而不是do not ,或does not ）就可以了。否定式did not常用縮寫形式didn t 。OHe didn t have

14、classes this morning.今天上午他沒課 .OYou didn t do your best to do it.你沒有盡力去做。3. 一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的疑問句Did he go there?他去那了嗎？Yes, he did. （No, he didn t .）是的，他去了。（不，他沒去。）When did you get up this morni ng?At six.今天早晨你幾點(diǎn)鐘起床的？六點(diǎn)鐘。一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱，單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)，在主語(yǔ)前面加上did即可。O Did Tom go with you?湯姆和你一起去

15、的嗎？Yes, he did . （No, he didn t .）是的。（不，不是的）O How many subjects did you study last term?上學(xué)期你們學(xué)習(xí)幾門功課？We studied seve n. 我們學(xué)習(xí)七門課。比較一般動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)肯定句 I go .He goes .I went .He went .否定句I don t go .He doesn t go .I didn t go .He didn t go .疑問句Do you go ?Does he go ?Did you go ?Did he go ?（3）般過去時(shí)的

16、幾種用法1. 帶有確定的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)女口： yesterday （ 昨天）,two days ago （兩天前），last year（去年）.,the other day （前幾天），once upon a time （過去曾經(jīng)） ，just now（剛才），in the olddays （過去的日子里），before liberation（解放前），when I was 8 years old （當(dāng)我八歲時(shí)）2. 表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。常與always, never等連用。O Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過去老

17、是帶著一把傘。（只是說明她過去的動(dòng)作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著 傘。）O Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘。（說明這是她的習(xí)慣，表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘。）3. 有些句子，雖然沒有表示過去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上是指過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存 在的狀態(tài)的話，也要用過去時(shí)，這一點(diǎn)，我們要特別注意。OI didn t know you were in Pairs.我不知道你在巴黎。（因?yàn)樵谡f話時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話前，所以只能用過去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上，這句話暗指：But now I know you are here. ）

18、OI thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢。（這句話應(yīng)是在說話前，我以為你病了，但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒病。）練習(xí)題一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1. He （live） in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat （eat） a bird last ni ght.3. We （have） a party last Hallowee n. 44. Nancy （pick） up oran ges on the farm last week.5. I （make） a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They （play） che

19、ss in the classroom last PE less on.7. My mother （cook） a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls （da nee） at the party last ni ght.9. I （watch） a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?11. he (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he .12. Gao Shan (put) up the picture last night.13. I (sweep) the floor yesterday.14. 14. What she (find) in the garden last morning?15. H