10Unit4DiogenesandAlexander教案講義

1、精品教學(xué)教案Unit 4一、授課時(shí)間：第8 9周二授課類型：理論課9課時(shí)；實(shí)踐課3課時(shí)三.授課題目：Diogenes and Alexander四授課時(shí)數(shù)：12五.教學(xué)目的和要求：通過講授課文使大學(xué)生了解有關(guān)犬儒哲學(xué)的有關(guān)知識(shí)，學(xué)會(huì)用英語解釋句子以達(dá)到學(xué)以致用的目的。要求學(xué)生主動(dòng)地預(yù)習(xí)課文，課前準(zhǔn)備練習(xí)，學(xué)會(huì)分析文章體裁和進(jìn)行段落劃分。六教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)：1） 背景知識(shí)的傳授：Diogenes and Cynicism （doggishness）;2）文章的體裁分析及段落劃分；3）語言點(diǎn)的理解：Word study: acco unt; possess; form; roll; elaborat

2、eGrammar Focus: The function of adverbial modifier in different sentences; Patterns: thefirst/second, ect./the next/last+to-infinitive; the first, ect. + who/that clause七. 教學(xué)基本內(nèi)容和綱要Part One Warm -up1.1 Warm-up Questio ns1.2 Define the follow ing words and phrasesPart Two Background Information2.1 Di

3、ffere nces and similarities betwee n Dioge nes and Alexa nderPart Three Text Appreciation3.1 Text An alysis3.1.1 Theme of the text3.1.2 Structure of the text3.2 Writi ng Devices3.2.1 Con trast3.2.2 Develop ing paragraphs by examples3.2.3 Other ways of develop ing paragraphs?3.3 Sentence ParaphrasePa

4、rt Four Language Study4.1 Phrases and Expressi ons4.1.1 Word list:4.1.2 Phrases and expressi ons list:4.1.3 Word Buildi ng4.2 Grammar4.2.1 ObjectPart Five Extension5.1 Group discussi on八、教學(xué)方法和措施本單元將運(yùn)用黑板、粉筆、多媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔助教學(xué)設(shè)備等教學(xué)手段，主要采用以學(xué)生為主體、 教師為主導(dǎo)的任務(wù)型、合作型等教學(xué)模式，具體運(yùn)用教師講授法、師生討論、生生討論等方法進(jìn) 行教學(xué)。九作業(yè)，討論題，思考題完成課后練習(xí)；

5、多看英語報(bào)刊雜志及英語經(jīng)典小說，擴(kuò)大閱讀量；精聽與泛聽相結(jié)合，逐步提高自己的聽力水平；積極參加英語角等有助于提高英語口語的活動(dòng)； 堅(jiān)持用英語寫日記； 做一些專四相關(guān)練習(xí)；十參考資料：1）楊立民主編，現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀（3）第二版，學(xué)生用書。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出 版社,2012。2）楊立民主編，現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀（3）第二版，教師用書。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出 版社,2012。3）李觀儀主編，新編英語教程（第三、四冊）。上海：上海外語教學(xué)研究出版，1999。4）黃源深，虞蘇美等主編，綜合英語教程（1-4冊）。北京：高等教育出版社，1998。5）高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱，北京：外語教學(xué)研究出版社，

6、2000。6）Judy Pearsall 主編，新牛津英語詞典。上海：上海外語教育出版社，1998。7）丁往道、吳冰等編著，英語寫作手冊。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社。8）張道真，現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典（重排本）。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1994。9）張道真，溫志達(dá)，英語語法大全上、下卷。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1998。十一、課后小結(jié)Unit 4 Diogenes and AlexanderPart One Warm -up1.1 Warm-up Questions1. What does the author tell us about Dioge nes? Who was he? Wha

7、t was his philosophy? What did he thi nk was the problem with people? How did he intend to help them? What were the key values he promoted? How, in his opinion, could we find true happ in ess?2. What does the author tell us about Alexa nder? What did this king have in com mon with Dioge nes, the beg

8、gar? Why was Alexa nder con sidered a man of desti ny?3. How would you con trast the two characters? Why did Alexa nder decide to visit Dioge nes? What did Dioge nes really mean whe n he said that Alexa nder was block ing the sun light?1.2 Define the following words and phrases1. a mischievous pebbl

9、e2. elaborate3. by desig n4. restra ined5. chivalrousPart Two Background Information2.1 Differences and similarities between Diogenes and Alexander1. Who was Diogenes?A beggarA philosopherA missi onary2. Doctrine: Cynicismthe doctri ne that scor ned worldly n eeds and pleasures and held that virtue

10、was the key to the only good3. Cynicism in modern sense:the belief of a cynic, who maintains that people are all motivated by selfishness, that no one will help others for good and sin cere reas ons4. What are the major tenets (principles) of Cynicism? Do you find any expressions of these principles

11、 in the text?self-sufficie ncyshameless nessoutspoke nn essperfect ion of virtue5. AlexanderMacedo nian King: son of PhilipThe Thin ker: stude nt of AristotleThe Conq ueror: Greece, Asia, EgyptWhy do you think he wan ted to bring so many regi ons un der his rule?the Great EmpirePart Three Text Appre

12、ciation3.1 Text Analysis3.1.1 Character AnalysisDiogenes: the beggar (paras. 1-3)Dioge nes: a free manOther people: half-me nSheltercask, a storage jar made of earthe nwarea house (big, with many rooms)Fur niturenonebeds, chairs, etc. (elaborate)Dressbla nket (half- naked)clothes (expe nsive)Foodbit

13、s of food begged from others, drinking from his hollowed hands1 elaboratePossessi onsnonehorses, serva nts, bank acco unts(an xious)Nature of the lifea life by choice, out of prin ciple natural, healthy,ndependenta life as slaves of their possessions t artificial, anxious, loss of virtueThere are co

14、n trasts within the broad con trast.How did Dioge nes con trast with ordinary homeless people?Diogenes: the philosopher (para. 4)A Socrates gone madrepositi oning of conven ti on below n ature and reas onThree key principles:livi ng in accord with n aturetotal disregard of conven ti onin depe ndence

15、 (freedom) being the only true, lasti ng goodDiogenes: the missionary (para. 5)Comparison with ordinary hermitsSimilarities:Both grew tired of huma n society with its complicati ons and wan ted to live simply.Differences:hermitswent away to live simply on a small farm, in a quiet village or a caveDi

16、ogeneshad a sense of missi on, deliberately chose to live in the busy streets in Athe ns or Corin th, in order to convert peopleWhat was his mission?“ to restamp the currency”call people back to the n atural way of life true lifeDiogenes: ways of teaching (para. 6)How did Diogenes differ from other

17、philosophers of his time?Plato:taught his private pupils in his Academy, which he foun ded as one of the earliest cen ters of adva need learning in the world.Aristotle:taught his own private pupils by the use of laboratory, in strume nts, and specime ns.Diogenes:taught all those who would care to li

18、sten by his own example or by taking people around him for examples.He carried a lighted lamp in broad daylight and in spected the face of every one he met.“ When you are all so busy, I feel I ought to do someth ing!”Alexander: citizen of the world (paras. 11-13)1. King: differe nt from other Maced

19、oniansdrinking?wome n?fight in g?2. Thin ker: Aristotlehepear nedculturephilosophyprin ciples of scie ntific research3. Conq uerortook comma nd of the League of Greek Statescommander-in-chief of a new expedition against old, rich, corrupt AsiaThe Dramatic Encounter (paras. 14-17)The differe nces and

20、 similarities betwee n the two historical characters.DifferencesDioge nesAlexa nderPhysical appeara neelying on the bare earth, shoeless bearded, half- naked, like a beggar, a doghan dsome face, fiery gla nee, strong body, purple and gold cloak, air of desti nyIden tificati onphilosopher, missi onar

21、ygreat mon arch, conq uerorStatuslow, treated with con tempt anc disapprovalhigh, treated with respect, greeted with a bow and acclamati onPossessi ons &Powernone, reject ing possessi on or powerland and absolute powerMissio n“ restamp the currency ” to call people back to the simple and n atural li

22、fe true valuebring people of the whole world to the light of civilizati onSimilarities1. Both were great thi nkers.2. Both had a sense of missi on.3. Both were “ citizensof the world, ”dmiring the heroic figure of Hercules, who labored for mankind.4. Both were free.3.1.2 Structure of the textParas.

23、1-10Dioge nes (life, philosophy, missi on, ways of teach ing)Paras. 11-13Alexa nder (a philosopher king with an inq uiri ng, n oble mind)Paras. 14-17their dramatic encoun terRelevant questions:1. Question: What do you know about the historical backgro und of the people discussed in the essay?2. Ques

24、tion: What does the essay tell us about Dioge nes and Alexa nder?3. Question: What is a possible reason for an author to take the time to write an essay like this describ ing people who are long dead and gone?4. Question: How is the essay structured?5. Question: Try to find more information about th

25、ese two historical figures to share with your classmates.6. Question: Underline the parts of the text that you find particularly well-put and interesting.7. Question: Be ready to give comme nts on the essay.3.2 Writi ng Devices1 Comparison & Contrast examplesuse transitional words or expressions to

26、make comparison and achieve unity: not so (para. 5), the other but for (para. 6)He was one, but not the other. (para.1)Not so Dioge nes. (para. 5)But for Dioge nes, (para.6)Alexa nder was far older and wiser tha n his years. (para. 12)Like all Maced onians he loved (para. 12)he was a magnificent com

27、ma nder, but he was n ot merely a military automat on. (para.12)Only Dioge nes, although he lived in Corin th, did not visit the new mon arch. (para.13)Diogenes merely sat upDiogenes said nothing. (para. 14)He understood Cynicism as the others could not. (para. 17)Like Diogenes, he admired (para. 17

28、)who labored to help mankind while all others toiled(para.17)use transitional paragraph to achieve coherence2. Parallelismachieve increased strength, sounding more powerful, more effective, e.g. para. 143. Euphemisme.g. done his business, natural acts4. Transferred Epitheta figure of speech that car

29、ries the modifier across and puts it on to another word which is not normally modified by it, so as to stress the emotions or feelingse.g. a mischievous pebble (para. 1) (It is Diogenes, not the pebble, that is mischievous.); amazed silence (para. 17) (It is the crowd, not the silence, that is amaze

30、d.)5. Analogye.g. drawing a parallel between“ change the values ” and “ restamp the currency ” (para. 5)3.3 Sentence Paraphrase1. Sometimes they threw bits of food, and got scant thanks: sometimes a mischievous pebble, andgot a shower of stones and abuse. (para. 1)Sometimes people would throw bits o

31、f food to him, but he hardly thanked them at all. Sometimes they would throw a pebble at him for fun, but get a shower of stones and a stream of abuse in retur n.2. His life s aim was clear to him: it was“ to restamp the currency ” : to take the clean metalhuman life, to erase the old false conventi

32、onal markings, and to imprint it with its true values.(para. 5)His purpose in life was clear to him: it was“ to reprint the coins.” Huma n life can be take n acoins which are imprinted with false markings. He was to remove the false markings and print the true values on it. In other words, his aim i

33、n life was to call on people to reject the false, conventional way oflife and return to the simple and natural life.3. He had done his business like a dog at the roadside.He had emptied his bowels or passed water like a dog at the roadside.4. He was not the first to inhabit such a thing. But he was

34、the first who ever did so by choice, out of principle.He was not the first to live in a cask. But he was the first who ever did so because he wan ted to, not by n ecessity, not being forced to. He based it on a prin ciple.5. But he taught chiefly by examplesDiogenes also taught by talking to people,

35、 but he mainly taught by setting an example for others to learn from.6. In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence.In order to get a certa in amount of material property or worldly possessi ons which actually have no value

36、and will not last, he has allowed himself to be con trolled by these things and has give n away his own in depe ndence which is the only thing that is true and can last.7. Only twenty, Alexander was far older and wiser than his years.Alexander looked far older than a man of his age normally does, an

37、d was much wiser than a man of his age no rmally is.8. Live without conventions, which are artificial and false; escape complexities and extravagances (para. 4)Live simply and freely. Pay no attention to conventions, which are unnatural and useless. Avoid or get rid of all those unn ecessary things

38、that make our life complicated and wasteful9. They possess him. He is their slave. In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence. (para. 4)They own and control him. He is their slave. In order to get some goods that have no tr

39、ue value and will be useless very soon, he has sold the only true, last ing good, his own in depe nden ce.10. His life s aim was clear to him: it was“ to restamp the currency ”(para. 5)He knew very well what he lived for: it was tochange people s values, to make them kndhe truemeaning of life 12. He

40、 was the man of the hour, of the century(para. 13)He was the most popular/important/successful person at this particular moment or this centuryPart Four Language Study4.1 Phrases and Expressions1. Having no work to go to and no family to provide, he was free. (para. 1)provide for: give sb the things

41、 that they need to live, such as food, clothingTranslation他要供養(yǎng)他年邁的父母以及兩個(gè)正在上學(xué)的妹妹。He has to provide for his aged pare nts and two sister who are still at school.道路被切斷，無法給部隊(duì)提供給養(yǎng)。The road was cut off and supplies could not be provided for the troops.2. As the market placeup with shoppers and mercha nts

42、and slaves and foreig ners, he hadthrough it for an hour or two. (para. 1)Cf. wan der, roam, ramble, strollTranslation中間還有兩個(gè)小時(shí)，因此她逛了一趟商業(yè)中心。There were still two hours to go, so she strolled through theshopp ing mall.漫步海邊，感覺太好了。It s wonderful to take a stroll along the seaside.3. He thought everybody

43、lived far too , expensively, anxiously. What good is ahouse? (para. 2)Translation彼得制定了一個(gè)非常詳盡的計(jì)劃來籌措資金。Peter worked out an elaborate scheme for raising the fund.他們?yōu)榫珠L準(zhǔn)備了一桌精美的飯菜，結(jié)果被狠狠批評了一頓。They prepared a very elaborate meal for the bureau head only to be severely criticized.4. No one n eeds beds and c

44、hairs and such furn iture: the ani malsand sleep on the ground. All we require, since nature did not dress usproperly, is one garme nt to keep us warm, and some shelter from rain and wind. (para. 2)Translation這名警察死時(shí)很年輕，但他的一生過得很有意義。The policema n died young, but he lived a meanin gful life.作為一個(gè)探險(xiǎn)者，他的

45、一生充滿了冒險(xiǎn)。As an explorer, he lived an adve nturous life.5. he spe nt much of his life inCorin th, mock ing and satiriz ing its people, and occasi on allyone of them. (para. 2)convert: to make sb cha nge from one religi on or belief toano therAnn has con verted to Islam rece ntly.Marxist literature con

46、 verted him into a sta unch revoluti on ary.Cf.to make sth cha nge from one form, system to a differe nt oneThis is part of the process of con vert ing iron into steel.to cha nge from one object into ano therI can t see how this plastic sheet con verts into a tent.6. He was not the first tosuch a th

47、ing. But he was the first who ever did sochoice,prin ciple. (para. 3)inhabitSome of the rare species in habit the area.by choiceShe took the job in the West by choice.out ofJust out of curiosity, why did you take that job?7. Theyhim. He is their slave .In order to procure a qua ntity of false, peris

48、hable goodshe has sold the only true, last ing good, his own in depe ndence. (para. 4)Cf.What possessed him to say a stupid thing like that?She seemed possessed. Nobody could talk her out of it.8. Therefore, he chose to live in Athe ns or Corin th, where travelers from all over theMediterranean worl

49、d constantly came and went. And, design, he publicly behaved in such ways as to show people what real life was. (para. 6)Translation世界是有意締造的呢，還是偶然形成的呢？Was the world made by design or did it come into existenee by chanee?9. The little square bega n to fill with people page boys,soldiers they all grad

50、ually fomed a circle around Dioge nes. He looked them, as asober man looks at a crowd of totteri ng drun ks, and shook his head. (para. 11)look over: (here) exam ine, scruti nizeMore examples with “ over ” ： think over, talk over, read over, go over10. With his handsome face, his fglanee, his strong

51、 body, his purple and gold cloak, and hisair of d, he moved through the parting crowd toward the Dog s k. (para. 1411. Looking at the poor broken cask, the single rgarment, and the rough figure lying on theground, he said:Is there anything I can do for you, Dioge nes?” (para. 15)more examples: belov

52、ed wife, blessed morning, a wicked man, my aged parents, a rugged coastl ine12. The Macedo nian officers, after decidi ng that Dioge nes was notthe trouble of kick ing,were start ing toand nu dge one ano ther. (para. 17)Cf. worth, worthwhile, worthya worthwhile cause/discussi on/jobHigh prices in th

53、e UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad.be worthy of atte ntio n/con siderati on/me ntio nA nu mber of the findings are worthy of no te.a worthy champi on/winner/sonCf. grin, guffaw, titter, chuckle, gigglegrin: to make a wide smileguffaw: to laugh loudlytitter: to laugh in a suppressed wa

54、ychuckle: to laugh softly in a low tonegiggle: to laugh quietly in a silly, childish, uncon trolled way4.2 Grammar4.2.1 Recognize and learn to use present participles as adverbial modifiers.4.2.1.1 Recognize the type of adverbial modifier in these sentences.Pattern 1Indicating reason/causeHaving no

55、work to go to and no family to provide for, he was free.Pattern 2Indicating simultaneous eventsReading through Verne s bookse finds it hard to believe that they were written almost 100years ago.Pattern 3Indicating an action immediately after anotherOpening it the package, she set the butt on un it o

56、n the table.1. Being the only child, the boy keenly feels the pressure to live up to his family expectations. indicating reason/cause2. Lighting a torch, the wool mercha nt led his family out into the ni ghtmare of the streets. in dicating anaction immediately followed by ano ther3. Slashing off gre

57、e n bran ches with his knife, the boy cut his hand. in dicati ng simulta neous events4. Seeing that camping cost $12, I replied,“ No, that all right. I ll try something else.in dicati ng reas on/cause5. Then, hurrying downstairs, I burst through the front door and ran to the woods.in dicat ing an action immediately followed6. Having admitted he was wrong, he felt all the bet