新譯林8Bunit1pastandpresent知識(shí)總結(jié),推薦文檔

1、8B unit1 past and present一. 詞匯拓展1. marry v. married (adj.)已婚的2. com muni cate v. com muni cati on (n.)3. north n. northern (adj.)4. wife n. wives(復(fù)數(shù))5. interview v. interviewer (n.) 采訪者6. recent adj. recently (adv.)7. exact adj. exactly (adv.)8. pollute v. pollution(n.)二. 重點(diǎn)短語1. 和玩 play with sb2. 不再

2、not any more=no more3. 不同時(shí)期的交通工具 transport at different times4. 陽光鎮(zhèn)的變化 the changes to Sunshine Town5. 非常了解這個(gè)地方 know the place well6. 從那時(shí)起si nee then自從2005年以來si nee 2005自從去年以來si nee last year自從三個(gè)星期前以來 since three weeks ago7. 搬家 move house搬到南京 move to Nanjing 搬走 move away 搬出 move out of搬進(jìn)一座新公寓 move to

3、/ into a new flat8. 在南咅E in the southern part of9. 結(jié)婚 get married 已經(jīng)結(jié)婚 have been married for和某人結(jié)婚 be/ get married to sb/ marry sb 把某人嫁給某人 marry sb. to sb.10. 變化很大 change a lot change into 變成changen改變(可數(shù))找零，零錢(不可數(shù))11. 在過去 in the past 在現(xiàn)在 at present12. 這些年以來 over/ during the years13. 把變成turninto翻到turn

4、 to14. 打牌 play cards 下中國象棋 play Chinese chess15. 愉快的假期 pleasant holiday16. 玩得很開心 have a pleasant time17. 水污染 water pollution 噪音污染 noise pollution 減少污染 reduce the pollution18. 過去經(jīng)常做某事 used to do sth19. 像以前一樣經(jīng)常地as often as before20. 把排進(jìn)/倒進(jìn)dumpinto21. 一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的問題 a very serious problem22. 采取行動(dòng)做某事 take act

5、ion to do sth23. 在某種程度上 in some ways 順便問一下 by the way在去的路上 on the way to擋路in the way24. 開闊的空間 / 戶外活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所 open space25. 不時(shí)地，偶爾 from time to time26. 一處自然景點(diǎn)地方 a place of natural beauty27. 從借 borrow sth from sb借給某人/把借給lend sb sth= lend sth to sb28. 在使用中 be in use= be in service29. 帶去take sb to30. 獨(dú)自地 on o

6、neown= by oneself= alone31. 有同感 have the same feeling32. 青山環(huán)繞 green hills around33. 清新的空氣fresh air34. 良好的環(huán)境 a good environment35. 發(fā)展緩慢 less development36. 離遠(yuǎn) be far (away) from 兩個(gè)街區(qū)遠(yuǎn) two blocks away 離近 be close to 37. 給造成許多麻煩 cause many problems fo38. 近期照片 recent photos 在近幾年中 in recent years39. 的反義詞

7、the opposite of40. 有好運(yùn) have good luck41. 把扔掉 throw sth away42. 寫一篇有關(guān)陽光鎮(zhèn)的文章 write an article on Sun shi ne Tow n43. 在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì) over the past century44. 關(guān)于北京的過去和現(xiàn)在 about Beiji ngs past and prese nt45. 感冒 have a cold 患重感冒 have a bad cold46. 受至U某人的來信 hear from sb= receive a letter from47. 乘飛機(jī)旅行 travel by

8、plane/ by air48. 享受陽光和沙灘 enjoy the sun and the beach49. 走遍城市 go around the city50. 返回 return =get back return to 回到，歸還51. 出國 go abroad 國內(nèi)夕卜 at home and abroad52和保持聯(lián)系keep in touch with三. 重點(diǎn)句子1. -Eddie , have you seen my food ?-Yes. I ve just eaten it.“埃迪，麻看到我的食物了嗎？”“是的，我剛剛把它吃完。”2. The factory used to

9、 dumpits waste into the river. (didn t use to do/usednot to do )工廠過去常常把廢物倒進(jìn)河里。3.I have known the place sin ce I was very y oung.自從我很小時(shí)我就知道了這個(gè)地方。4. China has changed a lot. = Great changes have happened to China.= Therehave been gr eat changes in China.5. Many of them have movedto other areas and I f

10、eel a bit Ionely from time to time.他們中的許多人已經(jīng)搬到其他地方了，我時(shí)不時(shí)的感到有點(diǎn)孤獨(dú)。6. The government realized it was a very serious problem and took actionto reduce the polluti on.后來政府意識(shí)到了這個(gè)問題，并采取行動(dòng)改善了這種情況。7. They have gone to the cinema already. John has been to the USAa fewtimes.他們已經(jīng)去了電影院。約翰去過美國幾次。8.1 come to school

11、 by bus on my own.9. He thi nks he is uni ucky eno ugh to see the chan ges to Sunshine Tow n.他認(rèn)為他不足夠幸運(yùn)看到陽光鎮(zhèn)的改變。10.lt no Ion ger provides a good en vir onment for wildlife. = It does n tprovide a good en vir onment for wildlife any Ion 四. 詞句解析1. justadv.剛才點(diǎn)撥just意為“剛剛，剛才”，強(qiáng)調(diào)最近剛發(fā)生的事情。It does nt matter.

12、 Weve just begu n our class.沒關(guān)系。我們剛開始上課。拓展(1)just還可譯為“正好；僅僅；就是”，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。Its just half past nine now.現(xiàn)在正好九點(diǎn)半。(2加st意為“剛剛”，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；just now意為“剛才”，與一般過去 時(shí)連用。The sheep have just eate n the grass up.那些綿羊剛剛將草吃光。Amy fini shed her homework just now.埃米剛才完成了家庭作業(yè)。2. married adj.已婚的點(diǎn)撥a married woman 已婚婦女a(chǎn) marrie

13、d man 已婚男子be/get married to 與結(jié)婚They have bee n married for five years.他們結(jié)婚已經(jīng)5年了。拓展marry v.結(jié)婚 marriage n.結(jié)婚， 婚禮My sisters marriage will take place at ten oclock today.我姐姐的婚禮將于今天10點(diǎn)舉行。搭配marry sb嫁給某人，娶了某人，與某人結(jié)婚marry sb to 把某人嫁給I am goi ng to marry Joh n.我要和約翰結(jié)婚了。3. waste n.廢品，廢料點(diǎn)撥(1) vt.& vi .浪費(fèi)Dont wa

14、ste the mon ey. There isnt much left.不要浪費(fèi)那些錢。沒有多少了。(2) adj .無用的；廢棄的waste paper 廢紙n.浪費(fèi)；廢品，廢料Its a waste of time.這是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。It is a waste to throw away good food.把好的食物扔掉是浪費(fèi)。The waste from the factory was take n away in trucks.工廠的廢料被裝上大卡車運(yùn)走了。4.interviewn.采訪 點(diǎn)撥 interview 作名詞時(shí)，意為“面試，會(huì)談” ；作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“采訪，會(huì) 見”。in t

15、erview sb = have an in terview with sb，意為 “采訪某人”。The reporter had an interview with the winner of the competition. 那位記者對(duì)這次競(jìng)賽的獲勝者進(jìn)行了采訪。Peter interviewed Mr White yesterday.彼得昨天會(huì)見了懷特先生。She became a member of the company after the job interview. 工作面試結(jié)束之后，她成了公司的一員。5.lonely 和 alone(1) lonely 為形容詞，意為“孤獨(dú)的；

16、寂寞的；無人煙的，荒涼的”。live a lonely life 過著孤單的生活a lonely old man 一位孤獨(dú)的老人feel lonely 感到孤獨(dú) a lonely island 一座荒島After his wife and two children left him, he was very lonely. 他的妻子和兩個(gè)孩子離他而去后， 他很孤獨(dú)。(2) alone 作形容詞，意為“單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)自的；獨(dú)一無二的”，只作表語。He was alone in the house.他獨(dú)自在家里。I am not alone in thinking so.并非只有我這樣想。(3) al

17、one 還可作副詞，意為“單獨(dú)地，獨(dú)自地”。He went home alone. 他獨(dú)自回家了。She lived alone. 她獨(dú)居。6. happen 和 take placehappen與take place兩者都作“發(fā)生”講，都不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但它們之間也 有差別。(1) happen指“碰巧發(fā)生”，強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性，常指事情在人們無意識(shí)、無準(zhǔn)備的情況 下發(fā)生。The accident happened yesterday.這起事故發(fā)生在昨天。What has happened to his family?他家出什么事了？(2) take place 是不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，意為“發(fā)生” ，

18、指事情按照計(jì)劃發(fā)生。Many great changes took place in our village last year. 去年我們村發(fā)生了許多巨大變化。In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China. 一九一九年，中國爆發(fā)了五四運(yùn)動(dòng)。(3) take place還可作“舉行”講，相當(dāng)于 hold。但take place沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而 hold 有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The Olympic Games take place every four years.奧運(yùn)會(huì)每四年舉行一次。When will the wedding take place

19、?=When will the weddi ng be held?婚禮將什么時(shí)候舉行？7. used to do sth, be/get used to (doing) sth, be used to do sth 和 be used as(1)used to do sth 意為“過去常常做某事” ，暗含現(xiàn)在不再這樣做了，其中 to 為不 定式符號(hào)。She used to teach history in that school. 她過去在那所學(xué)校教歷史。(2) be/get used to (doing) sth意為 習(xí)慣于(做)某事”其中to為介詞。She has got used to

20、the country life. 她已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了鄉(xiāng)村生活。(3) be used to do sth= be used for doing sth 意為 被用來做某事”。 Stamps are used to send letters.=Stamps are used for sending letters.郵票被用來寄信。(4) be used as意為“被用作”。The building is used as a teaching centre. 這棟樓被用作教學(xué)中心。8ve lived here si nee I was born .自從我出生以來，我就住在這兒。點(diǎn)撥since表示 自從

21、以來”常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。具體用法如下：(1)si nce+表過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) Jack has lived in London since 1999.自從 1 999年以來，杰克就一直住在倫敦?！皊ince+一段時(shí)間+ ago”表示“自從前”。David has been famous as a writer since three years ago. 自從三年前，戴維作為一名作家就已經(jīng)出名了。since+從句(從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí))Great changes have taken place in our school since you left. 自從你離開后，我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大

22、變化。拓展 (1)since 作連詞，意為“因?yàn)椋热?，鑒于” 。Since the rain has stopped, lets go for a walk. 既然雨停了，那我們出去散散步吧?！癐t is +時(shí)間段+ since/It has beer+時(shí)間段+ since”表示“從起已經(jīng)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。It is three years since he began to smoke.自從他開始吸煙已經(jīng)有三年了。五. 語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的 “完成用法 ”和 “未完成用法 ”1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的 完成用法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的 完成用法 指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束， 但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)

23、在情況具有因果關(guān)系。例如： He has turned off the light. 他已把燈關(guān)了。(動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。 )現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 完成用法 的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作不延續(xù) ，因此， 該時(shí)態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時(shí)間狀語(如： already， yet， before， recently 等) 、頻度時(shí)間狀語 (如： never，ever， once 等)、包括現(xiàn) 在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語 (如： this morning month year.， today 等 )連用。例如：Have you found your pen yet ?你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎?2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的”

24、未完成用法”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的”未完成用法”指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：He has lived here si nee 1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。（動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。）I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。（動(dòng)作開始于 5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。）此種用法的句中常 需一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語 （由since或for引導(dǎo)），或表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻相連的時(shí)間狀語（如：up to now，so far到目前為止）等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。注意：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用于終止性動(dòng)詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)詞。如：come， go， arrive， leave，join，become， die等。即時(shí)自測(cè)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. David and Mary got(marry) three mon ths ago.2. There is less air(pollute) in the coun tryside th