口語話題之環(huán)境.doc

1、Environment環(huán)境類高頻詞 :資源Non-renewable resources 不可再生資源 Renewable resources 可再生資源 To slow down the rate of resource degradation 降低資源消耗率 To develop renewable resoureces 開發(fā)可再生資源 Resouce conservation 資源保護 mineral resources 礦產(chǎn)資源 industrial materials 工業(yè)材料 energy resources 能源資源 fossil fuels(coal,oil ,and natu

2、ral gas) 礦物燃料(煤、石油、天然氣) nuclear fuels 核燃料 refuse derived fuels 從廢料中提取的燃料 animal dung as fuel 動物糞便作燃料 renewable energy 可再生資源 non-renewable energy 不可再生資源 non-polluting energy 無污染能源 clean energy 清潔能源 nuclear energy 核能 solar energy 太陽能 tidal energy 潮汐能 wave energy 波浪能 wind energy 風(fēng)能 energy conservation

3、能源保護 energy policy 能源政策危機Environment degradation 環(huán)境惡化Uncontrolled urbanization 城市化失控To discharge industrial pollutants 排放工業(yè)污染物 Industrial solid wastes 工業(yè)固體廢物Rate of deforestation 森林砍伐率Endangered species 瀕危動物Water and soil erosion 水土流失Afforedted areas/greening space 綠化面積Forest coverage 森林覆蓋率Pesticide

4、 residue 農(nóng)藥殘留Vicious cycle of poverty 貧困的惡性循環(huán)Air/water/noise/light pollution 空氣 水 噪音 光 污染Air quality 空氣質(zhì)量Source of pollution 污染源Suspended particles 懸浮顆粒物Soot emissions 煙塵排放Notorious vehicle exhaust 汽車尾氣排放Exhaust fumes 尾氣White pollution 白色污染To use and littter non-degradable white plastics 使用和亂扔不可降解塑料

5、制品 Bio-degradable plasitc bags 可降解一次性塑料袋政策措施Nature conservation 自然保護Environmental planning 環(huán)境規(guī)劃Ecodevelopment 生態(tài)發(fā)展Environmental policy 環(huán)境政策China s guiding principles for environmental protection 中國環(huán)保基本方針To prusur the strategy of sustainbale development 推行可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略The basic policies of China s environm

6、ental protectio 中國環(huán)保基本政策Policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevenion with control 預(yù)防為主、 防治結(jié)合 的政策To integrate prevention with control 防治結(jié)合“ the-polluters-pay ” policy 污染者負擔(dān)的政策Policy of tightening up envioronmental managemnent 強化環(huán)境管理的政策To conduct environmental impact assessments （

7、 EIA ） on start-up projects 對新項目實行環(huán)境影 響評估To raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 提高全民環(huán)保意識To curb environmental pollution /bring the pollution under control 治理環(huán)境污染To protect forests from overexploitation 防治過度利用森林Environment-friendly agriculture/ecoagriculture 生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)To turn the count

8、ry green 綠化祖國National Tree-Planting Day 全民義務(wù)植樹日Environment-friendly products 環(huán)保產(chǎn)品Nature reserve 自然保護區(qū)Natural ecosystem 自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Eco-demonstration region / environment-friendly region 生態(tài)示范區(qū)To design and develop 設(shè)計開發(fā)Gas-fueled vehicles 天然氣汽車Cell-driven vehicles/battery cars 電動汽車Exhaust purifier 尾氣凈化器Lead

9、-free gasoline 無鉛汽油Water treatment 水處理Sewage treatment plants 污水處理廠Treatment rate of industrial effluents 工業(yè)廢水處理率Treatment rate of domestic sewage 城市污水處理率Multipurpose use of three types of wastes (waste water ,waste gas,solid waste ) 三廢綜合利用 World Environment Day 世界環(huán)境日Connect with the World Wide Web

10、of Life 世界萬物 生命之網(wǎng)( 2001 年世界環(huán)境日主題) Give Earth a Chance 讓地球充滿生機( 2002 年世界環(huán)境日主題)參考文章：What Can We Do About Global Warming ?First, keep in mind the goal, which is to bring the potentially catastrophic warming under control by curtailing the release of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the

11、 atmosphere.Ordinary people can help immediately by becoming more energy efficient. Stop using the familiar incandescent light bulbs and replace them with compact fluorescent bulbs, which last much longer and use only a quarter of the energy consumed by conventional bulbs.Compact fluorescent bulbs a

12、re significantly more expensive, but because they last so long (up to 10 times the life of a standard bulb) and use so little electricity, they are substantially cheaper in the long run.Next, when shopping for an appliance - a refrigerator, a dishwasher, an air-conditioner - select the one with the

13、highest energy efficiency rating. There will be a sticker on the appliance, telling you how much energy it uses. Pay attention. There can be a difference of 30 percent to 40 percent or more in the amount of energy consumed by appliances with comparable features.Even more important is the choice you

14、make in the car or truck you buy. Motor vehicles are responsible for about a third of the carbon dioxide emissions in the United States. The vehicles that are the most fuel efficient emit the least carbon dioxide. (Fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions are inverselyproportional. If you double fu

15、el economy, you cut carbon dioxide emissions in half.)According to the research and advocacy group Environmental Defense, if you buy a new car that gets 10 more miles per gallon than your old car, the amount of carbon dioxide reduction realized in one year will be about 2,500 pounds.So buying a car

16、or truck that suits your needs and is fuel efficient is a big help.Honda and Toyota are bringing so-called hybrid vehicles onto the market in the U.S. Hybrids are cars that combine an internal combustion engine and a battery-powered electric motor. They are mid-sized cars that are achieving twice th

17、e fuel economy of conventional cars.Dr. Paul Epstein, associate director of the Center for Health and the Global Environment at Harvard Medical School, summed the matter up as follows: The issue is not so much what we are doing, but how we power what we are doing. Thats the first step.Over the long

18、term, the requirements are far more ambitious. Ideally, over the course of the next 100 or so years, a transformation will take place and most energy will end up coming not from fossil fuels like coal and oil, but from clean energy sources - the sun, the wind, hydrogen and non-polluting fuel cells.T

19、o get there at a cost thats affordable will require substantial technological development, said Dr. Michael Oppenheimer, the chief scientist of Environmental Defense.To move from our pollution-choked present to a future in which climate change is not a mortal threat will take more than that all-impo

20、rtant first step of an enlightened citizenry buying cleaner cars and more efficient appliances. Tough action by Congress and the president is needed, and soon. And international cooperation, with enforceable agreements covering both industrialized and, ultimately, developing nations, will be crucial

21、.Among other things, the federal government can offer subsidies and other incentives to reduce the cost and foster the use of existing clean-energy technology, and to encourage the development of ever more efficient new technologies. And the government can - and should - develop more sophisticated s

22、trategies like emissions trading and more stringent requirements for reducing carbon dioxide emissions everywhere.Global warming is the most serious problem we face in the 21st century. Last week an intensive analysis by a respected geologist at Texas A&M University, suggested - as most scientists h

23、ave been saying for some time now - that human activity, not natural factors, is the primary cause of the warming.We caused the problem and we have within our grasp a variety of potential solutions. To ignore those solutions, to be aware of them but not make use of them, is not just profoundly destr

24、uctive, its suicidal.(by Bob HerbertPublished on Monday, July 17, 2000 in the New York Times)空氣污染：Air pollution, which can be seen in many parts of the world, is one of the seriousproblems the world s people are facing today. As is indicated from the picture, the poisonous gas coming from the factor

25、ies, automobiles and houses pollute the air without which cannot live. There is no denying that many people as well as scientists have been aware of dangers air pollution brings to people.The first category of dangers it has brought is the harm to our health. Nearlyeveryone knows that serious air po

26、llution irritate our eyes, causes us to cough and makes us get more serious diseases. Air pollution is not only dangerous to people but also detrimental to our surroundings and our daily life. It corrodes our building, damages crops and forests and causes both airplane and auto accidents because it

27、cuts down visibility.Furthermore, the pollutants in the air may travel through theair with wind; as a result, air pollution can spread from city to city, even from country to county. So air pollution is really a global problem.As can be seen from the above dangers, air pollution cost our human being

28、s a great deal of money. Therefore, it must be worthwhile to spend more money and efforts on air pollution control.水資源短缺：It is widely believed that fresh water will never be used up due to its rich resources such as rain, rivers and wells. In fact, such belief is unfortunately wrong and possibly dan

29、gerous. As is depicted in the picture, we are facing serious shortage of fresh water, especially in the northern part of China. The land in some areas has become barren and there is no water coming from the pumps. Definitely, the picture reminds us of the serious situation we are confronting.Short a

30、s it is, people still waste it. With the growth of population and industry, the amount of fresh water in use is also growing rapidly. It is estimated that if not controlled,fresh water will be used up by the nextcentury. Another dangerousfactor is the water pollution, which aggravates the seriousness of fresh water shortage.It is no use only being aware of the shortage of fresh water. It is never toolate if we act right now. The first important measure is to protect our water resources form being polluted. Educating people to save water in daily life is of similar significance. Te