懸臂式重型掘進機關鍵技術探討外文文獻翻譯、中英文翻譯

1、英文文獻Discussion on key technologyof mine boom type heavy roadheadeAbstract:The paperproposed the key technological issues of the hard rock cutting for themine boom type heavy roadheader. In combined with the research and developmentof the EBZ300TY mine heavy roadheader, the paperdiscussed the technic

2、almeasuresmade. Accordingto the certain geological conditions of the client, the proposed the alternatives on the rationalmatching of theworking parameters, the cut-ter improvementdesign direction, the selected type cutting head, the stabilization and layout of the roadheader, the development of the

3、key parts, the orientation position, the face cross sectionmonitoring and others.Key words:mine heavy roadheader; hard rock cutting; key technologyCantilevered boring machines have made express from 1960s during the 20th century in China, with continued research, testing and improvement in recent 50

4、 years, the performance of machine has increased: cutting power range from 50kW to 220 kW, from light to heavy-duty models of the more than 20 kinds of products, in the coal mine coal and semi-mechanized coal-rock tunnel boring widely used in China in recent years to meet the basic the rapid develop

5、ment of the coal industry needs. Along with the mine working face size and the continuous improvement of production, the modernization of a large number of million-ton mine-building, especially the construction of new wells in the rock to open up the roadway, on whole-rock boring machine demand incr

6、eases every year, its technical capabilities and requirements for continuing raised. The development of cutting power reaches 300 kW, the machine to adapt to the quality of over 100t roadway section 30 50 , cutting of rock uniaxial compressive strength reached 120 heavy hard rock boring machine, it

7、is in growing demand and rapid advancement of technology boring machine made under the premise. With the development of the past 50 years compared to the boring machine, it is not a simple local improvement, nor is it a successful model of the past, zoom in or out, boring machine technology but a fa

8、r-reaching changes in many aspects. This is because some of its key technologies will be applied to other products on the boring machine, boring machine and then bring the whole technology industry. The following boring machine at home and abroad according to the present developments and the develop

9、ment experience of heavy hard rock boring machine for cutting the key technologies are discussed.Cutting capacity 1 Cutting capacity is heavy hard rock boring machine restricted the use of the most important factor in the development of heavy-duty boring machine at the heart of the level of their ab

10、ility are usually measured by three indicators, namely, tooth loss cut-off rate (to / ), production capacity () and cutting energy consumption than the (), which cut the rate of tooth loss is more decisive role. Cutting in hard rock boring machine, if the hardness of rock, or grinding teeth of a str

11、ong lead to the actual loss rate cut more than 1 / , then they would pick as a result of consumption of high cost and frequent replacement of the cutter and machine vibration increased increase in maintenance costs compared with the drilling and blasting method becomes uneconomical. Therefore, heavy

12、 boring machines ability to adapt to cutting hard rock cutting is essential, for this body of work needs to choose the parameters, the type of cutting head and cutting tool, such as an in-depth study.1 1 operating parameters of a reasonable match with the performance prediction Cutting in the proces

13、s, and one of the most important parameter is the most basic cutting thickness (coal cutter rock cutting depth), and the rock cutting nature of the cutting is not suitable thickness will reduce cutting efficiency and Pick of the wear and tear, resulting in more dust. Different cut-off in the rock st

14、ructure, the formation of different mechanical properties. Because of the specificity of cutting hard rock, hard rock boring machine during the design, user-specific nature of the geological conditions of rock parameters for the selection and matching of heavy hard rock boring machine is designed to

15、 correct the premise. In the different rock types, such as strength, abrasion, and rock types, such as cutting tests conducted on the basis of the combination of dedicated design software for cutting optimization of operating parameters of the design, hard-rock boring machine is cutting to achieve h

16、igh performance the only way . In addition, the design parameters for performance prediction of the success of the use of boring machine is an important factor. According to research institutions abroad, the research results 2, can be forecast according to certain formula for the cut-off rate of too

17、th loss and to predict cutting capacity. Will be by way of cutting the rock compressive strength, cutting power, boring machine weight, diameter of cutting head as the standardization of parameters such as parameters. Come to the conclusion that the hardness in cutting when the cutter reached 120MPa

18、 consumption rate of a more economical level.1 2 tool to improve the design The last 50 years, researchers in order to improve Cutting capacity rock tests done a lot of research, such as increasing the weight of the machine, the design of solid rack, a big increase in power, such as cutting. Test sh

19、ows that the constraints of the main factors driving hard rock is still the pick, as the cut-off performance is good or bad teeth, the length of life boring machine a direct impact on the economy, thus cutting the need for an in-depth study tool.At present, the extensive use of boring machine with c

20、one-shaped alloy head pick-ho, as they have since the blade and impact resistance and have been affirmed, in a variety of boring machine has been widely used and become standardized. In addition, through the introduction of new welding technology, increasing the diameter of the first alloy and impro

21、ve abrasion resistance, such as cut-off method of tooth roots, pick a larger improvement in the durability of cutter. Despite the ho-shaped cutter to carry out an in-depth research, manufacturing process has been greatly improved, but still can not economically stronger for grinding of hard rock min

22、ing. This is because when the ho-shaped cutter with the rock when the contact area, and in the higher stages of wear and tear become blunt and sharp teeth, the posterior horn of the negative, the plane of the wear and tear and extrusion of rock have a lot of rock powder, work to be larger than the e

23、nergy, cutting efficiency is very low, if the pick-shaped cutter to stop rotating, then the performance of their cutting the rate of deterioration will be increased.Should improve the design tools to enable the transfer to the rock through the tool of power and energy to achieve maximum value. Recen

24、tly developed new tools, the United States of Geology, University of Colorado School of Mines Research Institute of the disc machine cutting tool 3, and mining services company in Australia, the development of the era of chain-shaped cutter head alloy. Before the adoption of a rotary cutting tool fo

25、r cutting hard rock, due to large size tools and boring machine cutting head size is limited to use; the latter has a cutting tool than the energy stability, the extent of tool use has been a sharp remain unchanged, less dust, vibration small degree block is characterized by the more hard rock borin

26、g machine ideal choice, and the use of broad prospects.1 3 types of cutting head The design of cutting head usually meet the following requirements: tool consumption in small, even by force, good stability, high cutting efficiency. To achieve this These requirements is the main criteria for the desi

27、gn of each tool rotary cutting head in a week can cut the same materials. Practice shows that in the horizontal boring machine, two kinds of longitudinal cutting head type, the horizontal boring machine is more suitable for hard rock cutting 4-5. This is due to cut-off horizontal cutting head and cu

28、t off the small side, at the same time to participate in cutting the number of teeth less than the cut-off, the machine allows the greatest resistance to the same work, they can force the use of larger single-pole; horizontal cutting head cutting line spacing small , can be cut smaller deep, single-

29、tooth cutting resistance on the smaller, the horizontal than the vertical axis of the high hardness cutting; forward open horizontal cut, as cutting edge and are located in traction with the cantilever axis parallel to the plane, you can take full advantage of the weight of the machine, cutting good

30、 stability, and pick and Chip of the effect of Better than the vertical axis type.2 job stability and the whole arrangement Evaluation of the stability of boring machine is an important indicator of performance, cutting a direct impact on the performance and reliability of machines. Affect the stabi

31、lity of the boring machine by many factors, such as the cutting head of the load, the balance of machine layout, grounding area, body height, cantilever rack, and other major components of the weight and stiffness, cutting head type and so on.Heavy boring machine is designed for cutting hard rock, a

32、nd its main characteristic is that the weight of big machinery, big power. The quality of a big machine for cutting the work of providing a more solid platform to effectively reduce the vibration machine, but it also brought about a balanced arrangement of hard to machine, machine ground pressure of

33、 the big problems, how to make the whole arrangement of a balanced center of gravity position reasonable is a heavy-duty design difficult. Heavy boring machine weighing more than a 100, ton although the horizontal cutting of the work agencies have good stability, but the weight of cutting big instit

34、utions, so that whole center of gravity forward, causing the front track ground pressure is too large, the need for running chassis to the rack, as well as the arrangement of special means, on the one hand, adjust the rack and track the structural design of aircraft, reasonable weight and to increas

35、e its strength and stiffness, the parameters to match the requirements on the other hand, as far as increasing ground track area to reduce ground pressure.3 key components of development and design Performance requirements of new technologies and the increasing weight and power of the machine by mak

36、ing the boring machine parts the machine can not fully meet the overall requirements, the need for a pilot study of key components. Heavy Cutting excessive body weight, the traditional slewing bearing slewing mechanism can not meet the work requirements, the need to develop new-type rotary body desi

37、gn. Rack and pinion has a carrying capacity of rotating bodies, and rotary constant force, vibration and strong impact resistance, smooth operation, the advantages of compact structure.Heavy boring machine ground pressure, and makes walking traction device efficiency is not high, especially in the s

38、oft, wet ground. Telescopic cutting a large extent, solved the problem, it can be static in the machines, the machines take full advantage of gravity and track traction device of the friction with the ground, so that cutting head to promote greater traction. However, within the traditional telescopi

39、c spline and T-slot outside the telescopic structure, not only structurally complex, processing difficulties, and the relatively high failure rate, so the need for heavy-duty cantilever Cutting the characteristics of the development of strong and stable institutions of stretching.4 Boring Machine-or

40、iented positioning and monitoring section Bulky heavy boring machine, the driver line of sight worse, according to the traditional approach to accurate driving and cutting cross-section to promote the right direction to ensure that it is very difficult, often boring machine drivers rely on the exper

41、ience and technology, in most cases the need for duplication of ultra-cutting or patch cutting region, therefore it is difficult to control operating costs. How in the shortest possible time, the greatest precision cutting, the use of the lowest operating costs, it is hard rock boring machine needs

42、to be resolved another difficultAddress these problems, usually boring machine automated positioning system. This is through the use of a high level of integration of computer-driven boring machine operations to complete the display, as shown in Figure 2. Display can be clearly marked on the boring

43、machine precise position and orientation information; the design of roadway cross-section profile of the axial projection; boring machine cutting head section in an ideal location on the real-time. Through the use of the system can achieve precise control of the cross-section; to ensure that the des

44、ign of roadway in accordance with the direction; raise boring machine footage; be completed roadway cutting part is not visible; automatically advanced site features such as measurement of theodolite.5 Accessibility 5 1 Heading Face Comprehensive Dust Removal System technology At present, the wet ro

45、adway dust removal system results in tunneling a major factor in the poor is that the dust removal system is not able to face boring machine, as well as the wind system for supporting effective, so a comprehensive dust removal system heading face technology research in general is supporting heavy bo

46、ring machine One of the main research and development studies. In addition, the large cross-section of dust control technology studies and the role of charged dust device is controlled mechanized excavation face the spread of dust from outside air. One of the key issues and technical problems is the

47、 formation of mural mural hairdryer wind speed to determine the best effect, the need for an in-depth study on this. 5 2 bolt support system Bolting is the coal mine roadway support the main form of support will bolt drilling and boring machine arm system integrated in one, the realization of a full

48、y mechanized excavation face bolt hole drilling and bolt installation mechanized operations, a very care to improve the efficiency of the earth anchor to reduce the time for auxiliary operations, effective care to shorten the operating cycle time anchor. In addition, the anchor of care to achieve au

49、tomation and control operations, further improve the efficiency of the anchor retaining staff and reducing the number of operations to improve the care of the anchor of the security operation.6 Conclusion 1) specific nature of the geological conditions of rock to choose and match the parameters of h

50、eavy hard rock boring machine is designed to correct the premise. 2) the use of cutting energy consumption than the stable, remain the same sharpness of the new alloy ornament-shaped cutter, heavy hard rock boring machine is a better choice. 3) In order to better adapt to cutting hard rock, heavy us

51、e of hard rock boring machine horizontal cutting way, with production capacity, and job stability, and lower than the energy consumption characteristics. 4) heavy-duty boring machine according to the characteristics of the balanced arrangement of parts, and a reasonable weight. 5) heavy-duty boring

52、machine according to the characteristics of the development of strong and stable cutting telescopic slewing mechanism and heavy-duty. 6) the use of boring machine-oriented cross-section location and surveillance systems, to improve the performance of heavy boring machine. 7) to heavy boring machine

53、for the technology platform, can also be used to eliminate dust and equipment automatic bolting device and system to enhance the safety of staff, efficiency of mechanized excavation face.中文譯文懸臂式重型掘進機關鍵技術探討【摘要】:提出了懸臂式重型掘進機硬巖切割的關鍵技術問題,并結合EBZ300TY重型掘進機的研制開發(fā),對所采取的技術措施進行了探討。提出了根據用戶特定地質條件進行工作參數合理匹配、刀具改進設計

54、方向、截割頭選取的類型、整機穩(wěn)定性及布置、關鍵部件的開發(fā)和導向定位及斷面監(jiān)視等方案。【關鍵詞】:重型掘進機;硬巖切割;關鍵技術我國懸臂式掘進機是20世紀60年代發(fā)展起來的,經近50年的研究、試驗和改進,機器性能不斷提高,已開發(fā)出截割功率50220 ,從輕型到重型的20多種型號的系列產品,在煤礦井下煤及半煤巖巷道的機械化掘進中廣泛應用,基本滿足了近年來我國煤炭工業(yè)快速發(fā)展的需求。隨著我國礦井規(guī)模和工作面單產的不斷提高,大批千萬噸級現代化礦井的建設,特別是新井建設中巖石巷道的開拓,對全巖掘進機的需求逐年增加,對其技術能力和要求也持續(xù)提高。研制截割功率達到300,機器質量超過100t適應巷道斷面30

55、50 ,截割巖石單軸抗壓強度達到120的重型硬巖掘進機,正是在不斷增長的需求和掘進機技術快速進步的前提下提出的。同過去50年研制的掘進機相比,它不是簡單的局部改進,也不是以往成功機型的放大或縮小,而是掘進機技術一次意義深遠的多方面變革。這是因為它的一些關鍵技術將會推廣應用到其他掘進機產品上,進而帶動整個掘進機行業(yè)的技術進步。下面根據目前國內外掘進機的發(fā)展動態(tài)和開發(fā)體會,對重型掘進機硬巖切割的關鍵技術進行初步探討。1截割能力硬巖切割能力是重型掘進機使用范圍受限制的最主要因素,也是重型掘進機研制的核心所在,其能力高低通常有3個指標來衡量,即截齒損耗率(把/)、生產能力()和截割比能耗(),其中以截

56、齒損耗率更具決定作用。在掘進機切割硬巖時,如果巖石硬度高或者研磨性很強導致截齒實際損耗率超過1把/,那么就會由于高昂的截齒消耗費用,以及經常更換截齒和機器的振動加劇增加的維護費等與鉆爆法相比變得不經濟。因此,使重型掘進機的截割能力適應硬巖切割至關重要,為此需要對工作機構的參數選擇、截割頭類型和截割刀具等進行深入研究。11工作參數合理匹配與性能預測在掘進機截割過程中,一個最重要且最基本的參數是切削厚度(截齒截割煤巖體的深度),與被截割巖石性質不適合的切削厚度只會降低截割效率,增加截齒的磨損,產生更多的粉塵。在巖石截構各異,形成的力學性質千差萬別。由于切割硬巖的特殊性,在進行硬巖掘進機設計時,針對

57、用戶特定地質條件的巖石性質來進行參數選擇和匹配是重型硬巖掘進機正確設計的前提。在針對不同巖石類型,如強度、磨蝕性、巖石類型等進行截割試驗的基礎上,結合專用設計軟件來進行截割工作參數的優(yōu)化設計,是使硬巖掘進機達到高截割性能的必由之路。此外,對設計參數的性能預測是掘進機成功使用的一個重要因素。根據國外研究機構的研究成果2,可根據一定的預測方程式對截齒損耗率和截割生產能力進行預測。將所截割巖石的單向抗壓強度、截割功率、掘進機重量、截割頭直徑等參數作為標準化參數。得出的結論是在截割硬度達到120MPa時截齒消耗率達到較經濟的水平。12刀具改進設計近50年來,科研人員為了提高掘進機截割巖石的能力做了大量

58、的試驗研究,比如增加機器的重量,設計堅固的機架,增大截割功率等。試驗表明,制約硬巖掘進的主要因素仍是截齒,由于截齒性能的好壞、壽命的長短直接影響掘進機的經濟性,因此就需要對截割刀具進行深入研究。目前,在掘進機上大量使用的帶錐形合金頭的鎬形截齒,由于其所具有的自刃性、耐沖擊性而得到了肯定,在各種掘進機上被廣泛使用并趨于標準化。另外,通過采用新的焊接技術、增大合金頭直徑和提高截齒根部抗磨性等方法,較大改善了鎬形截齒的耐用性。盡管對鎬形截齒進行了深入研究,制造工藝也有了極大的改善,但仍然無法經濟地用于研磨性較強的硬巖挖掘。這是由于當鎬形截齒工作時與巖石的接觸面積大,在磨損較高的階段齒尖變鈍時,會產生

59、負的后角,大的磨損平面擠壓巖石并產生大量的巖粉,工作時需較大的比能,截割效率很低,如果鎬形截齒停止旋轉,那么其截割性能惡化速度還會加劇。應該改善刀具的外形設計,使通過刀具轉移給巖石的力和能量達到最大值。最近研制的新型刀具,有美國科羅拉多礦業(yè)大學地質機械研究院研制的圓盤截割刀具3,還有澳大利亞時代礦業(yè)服務公司開發(fā)的鋃形合金頭截齒。前一種刀具通過旋轉截割用于硬巖切割,由于刀具的外形尺寸大而掘進機截割頭尺寸小使用受到限制;后一種刀具具有截割比能耗穩(wěn)定,刀具使用中銳利程度一直保持不變,粉塵少、震動小、塊度大的特點,是硬巖掘進機較理想的選擇,并具有廣闊的使用前景。13截割頭類型截割頭的設計通常滿足以下要求:刀具消耗小,受力均勻,穩(wěn)定性好,截割效率高。要實現