初中英語(yǔ)錯(cuò)題集及詳解

1、初中英語(yǔ)錯(cuò)題集及詳解1. It is _ outside. Lets put on our raincoats and go out, Tom. A. coldB. hotC. sunnyD. rainy【解析】此題易誤為A。因?yàn)檫@里有個(gè)put on短語(yǔ)，如果不注意raincoats這個(gè)詞那就很可能草率地選擇A。raincoats是“雨衣”的意思，而不是一般的衣服，那么不是因?yàn)橥饷妗袄洹?，而是因?yàn)椤跋掠辍辈糯坝暌隆?。正確答案為D。 2. _ do you _ about spring?The flowers and the green trees. A. How, likeB. How, t

2、hinkC. What, thinkD. What, like【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或B或C。這是由于忽略語(yǔ)境造成的。由答語(yǔ)The flowers and the green trees. 可知，所問(wèn)的是“你喜歡春天的什么?”而不是“你覺(jué)得春天怎么樣?”。正確答案為D。3. Whats your sister like?_. A. She is a workerB. She likes pearsC. She is very thinD. She is like her father【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為B或D。有很多考生一看題干中的like一詞就會(huì)想當(dāng)然地選擇B或D。其實(shí)，問(wèn)句的意思是“你

3、姐姐長(zhǎng)得怎么樣?”因此，正確答案為C。Whats like? 這個(gè)句型常常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某人的長(zhǎng)相或某事的情況(包括天氣情況)。4. Its too hot. Would you mind _ the door?_. Please do it now. A. to open, OKB. opening, Certainly notC. opening, Of courseD. to open, Good idea【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A。一方面是由于不了解mind的用法，另一方面的由于忽略造成的。mind后面接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用其ing形式。由答語(yǔ)中的Please do it now. 可知“不介意”。正確

4、答案為B。5. If you have any trouble, be sure to call me. _. A. I am glad to hear thatB. I will. thank you very much. C. I have no troubleD. I will think it over【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或D。由于受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響很容易選擇A或D。其實(shí)，問(wèn)句意為“如果你有麻煩，一定要打電話給我”，這是一個(gè)表示請(qǐng)求的句子，對(duì)于別人的請(qǐng)求要么拒絕要么接受，而不能含糊其辭。正確答案為C。典型形容詞和副詞考題分析1. We should keep _ in the rea

5、ding-room. A. quiteB. quietlyC. quietD.quickly【解析】此題容易誤選A或B。選A是由于不細(xì)心，把quite當(dāng)成是quiet，草率做題造成的；選B是由于把keep誤認(rèn)為是一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，修飾實(shí)義動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然得用副詞。其實(shí)，這里的keep連系動(dòng)詞，后面要接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。正確答案為C。2. The light in the room wasnt _for me to read. A. enough bright B. brightly enoughC. enough brightly D. bright enough【解析】此題容易誤選A或B。選A的人是受的漢

6、語(yǔ)思維的影響，enough bright翻譯過(guò)來(lái)正好是“足夠明亮”的意思，其實(shí)這并不符合英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，在英語(yǔ)中當(dāng)enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)一定要后置；選B的人沒(méi)有注意所缺的成分是表語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)該用形容詞而不用副詞。正確答案為D。3. She is _of the two. A. the cleverestB. the clevererC. the cleverD. cleverest【解析】此題容易誤選A。這是由于思維定勢(shì)引起的。因?yàn)樽罡呒?jí)的比較范圍往往用of短語(yǔ)引出，那么一些考生一看到of一詞就毫不猶豫地選擇了A項(xiàng)。其實(shí)，由這里的two可知，兩者中的比較只能用比較級(jí)，而且指特定的兩者中“

7、較的那一個(gè)”時(shí)，比較級(jí)前往往要用定冠詞the。因此正確答案為B。4. How far is the factory from here?Its about 4 kilometres _. A. farB. longC. awayD. near【解析】此題容易誤選A。這是由于受到漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，因?yàn)樽g成漢語(yǔ)正好是“大約4公里遠(yuǎn)”。其實(shí)，問(wèn)距離時(shí)可以用How far is . ?，但是far不能與表示具體的距離連用，此時(shí)應(yīng)該用away。因此，正確答案為C。5. Do you have enough men to carry these chairs?No. I think we need _ me

8、n. A. anotherB. other twoC. more twoD. two more【解析】此題容易誤選A或B或C。選A的同學(xué)是由于草率做題造成的，因?yàn)檫@里空格后面是個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，而不是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，因此不能選A。選B或C的同學(xué)是由于漢語(yǔ)思維的影響引起的，漢語(yǔ)中說(shuō)“另外兩個(gè)”，但是英語(yǔ)中要說(shuō)other two或two more，這與漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣不一樣。正確答案為D。其實(shí)，another后面也可以接一些表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：If you give us another twenty minutes (= twenty more minutes), we will fi

9、nish the work. 如果你再給我們二十分鐘，我們就可以完成這項(xiàng)工作。6. He is taller than _ girl in his class. A. anyB. otherC. any otherD. another【解析】此題容易誤選C。這是由于思維定勢(shì)引起的。平時(shí)大家都熟悉這樣的句子China is larger than any other country in Asia. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 于是than any other這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在同學(xué)們的頭腦中已經(jīng)根根深蒂固了。其實(shí)，到底要不要other

10、, 關(guān)鍵是看主語(yǔ)是否也在比較的范圍之內(nèi)；如果在范圍之內(nèi)，就必須用other, 以此來(lái)避免與自身進(jìn)行比較；如果不在范圍之內(nèi)，則不能用other, 因?yàn)闆](méi)有必要把自身排除。這里主語(yǔ)he不屬于girl in his class之列，不能用other, 因此正確為A。7. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice. A. the bestB. a bestC. the betterD. a better【解析】此題容易誤選A。這是由于思維定勢(shì)引起的，許多同學(xué)認(rèn)為最高級(jí)前加了定冠詞the肯定沒(méi)錯(cuò)。其實(shí)，這是一個(gè)暗含比較級(jí)，它省略了一些我們

11、很清楚的東西，句子的完整形式應(yīng)為：I have never heard a better voice than her voice. 因此正確答案為D。三道易錯(cuò)名詞考題分析1. _ fathers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and AnnsB. Peters and AnnsC. Peters and AnnD. Peter and Ann【解析】此題容易誤選A或C。錯(cuò)誤的原因是由于受思維定勢(shì)的影響。平時(shí)考生們做多了“This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom. ”這樣的題，那么一看到這樣的題就想到只是在后面一個(gè)單詞后面用所

12、有格。其實(shí)，到底用一個(gè)所有格，還是用兩個(gè)所有格，取決于它們所修飾的名詞：如果所修飾的名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，就只在后面一個(gè)名詞后面用所有格；如果所修飾的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，就兩個(gè)名詞都用所有格。正確答案為B。2. There are a lot _ people today than yesterday. A. ofB. /C. mostD. more【解析】此題容易誤選A。有不少考生因受“ a lot of +名詞”這一思維定勢(shì)的影響，一看到a lot，就選擇了A。其實(shí)，該句中的a lot是用來(lái)修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)more的，than引導(dǎo)的是比較狀語(yǔ)從句。正確答案為D。3. “Excuse me,

13、 are you _? ”“No, we are _. ”A. American, EnglishmanB. American, GermansC. American, GermenD. Englishman, Americans【解析】先從詞性來(lái)看，American 和 German 既可以用作名詞也可以用作形容詞，用作名詞時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式分別為Americans 和 Germans；選項(xiàng)中的Englishman只能用作名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是Englishmen。先看第一空：如果單從Excuse me, are you _?來(lái)看，要是填Englishman，就應(yīng)該在其前加不定冠詞，即說(shuō)成Excus

14、e me, are you an Englishman? 但是，根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的 we are可知，問(wèn)句中的you 其實(shí)是指“你”，而是指“你們”，所以如果用Englishman，就應(yīng)換成 Englishmen 才對(duì)。由此可排除選項(xiàng)D。再看第二空：由于German的復(fù)數(shù)是Germans，不是Germen，由此可確定C錯(cuò)誤；再根據(jù)we are可知，其后若用名詞Englishman，必須要用復(fù)數(shù)Englishmen，而不能是單數(shù)，所以排除A。所以此題答數(shù)為B。兩道中考英語(yǔ)冠詞易錯(cuò)題分析1. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _ second. A

15、. /B. theC. aD. an【解析】此題容易誤選B。這是由于思維定勢(shì)引起的，很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為這里的second是序數(shù)詞，前面應(yīng)該用定冠詞the修飾。其實(shí)，second是“秒”的意思。正確答案為C。2. _ India and China are of _ same continent. A. /; theB. The ; theC. /; /D. /; a【解析】此題容易誤選D。這是由于受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響造成的，因?yàn)樽g成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)這句話的意思是“印度和中國(guó)在同一個(gè)大洲”，漢語(yǔ)里說(shuō)“同一個(gè)”，在英語(yǔ)中要說(shuō)“the same”，這就是此題的陷阱所在。正確答案為A。語(yǔ)境交際常識(shí)打好語(yǔ)境基礎(chǔ)所謂語(yǔ)境就是

16、指上下文。解答中考單項(xiàng)填空題，不要只盯在空格那個(gè)地方，也不要只盯在含空格的那一個(gè)句子，而要理解整個(gè)上下文的意思才能作出選擇。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題：Youre very _, arent you? Yes. Our team has won the game.A. happyB. worriedC. sadD. afraid解答此題時(shí)你若只看問(wèn)句，填任何一個(gè)答案都是正確的，當(dāng)看到答句中的has won the match才知道只有答案A正確。打好交際基礎(chǔ)就是指考生還要懂得英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人與中國(guó)人由于歷史文化和思維方式的不同所造成日常交往中語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的不同。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題：Your spoken En

17、glish is much better! _.A. Oh, noB. Youre rightC. thank youD. Not at all當(dāng)被別人稱贊時(shí)，謙虛的中國(guó)人常說(shuō)“不，哪里哪里”或“不，還差得遠(yuǎn)咧”等等，若按這種思維，很容易錯(cuò)選答案A或D；而西方人卻是向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x，所以答案是C。打好常識(shí)基礎(chǔ)有的中考試題既不是考詞匯知識(shí)也不是考語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，而是考查考生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科普常識(shí)，比如超市、加油站、公園、學(xué)校等公共場(chǎng)所的標(biāo)志和電視中的一些圖標(biāo)等等。因此，在平時(shí)的日常生活中要細(xì)心觀察，多看書(shū)報(bào)多看電視，廣泛涉獵，并注意生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科普常識(shí)的積累。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考試題：Which of the

18、following weather signs means “windy”?答案是D，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)圖表示windy。答案A表示cloudy，B表示rainy，C表示sunny。中考英語(yǔ)典型代詞考點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)題例析1. I hear someone _at the door. Please go and see who _ is. A. knock, heB. knocking, heC. knock, itD. knocking, it【解析】此題容易誤選A或B。這是由于漢語(yǔ)思維的影響引起的。大家都知道hear sb. do sth. 意為“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做某事”，hear sb. doing sth. 意為

19、“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人正在做某事”，這樣一來(lái)很多人就會(huì)選擇A或B，因?yàn)楹竺妗叭タ纯此钦l(shuí)”從漢語(yǔ)的角度來(lái)看是沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的。其實(shí)，在英語(yǔ)中常常用it來(lái)指代身份(姓名、職業(yè)等)不詳?shù)娜?。有人敲門(mén)時(shí)我們常常用英語(yǔ)問(wèn)“Who is it?”正確答案為D。2. Lucy and I are classmates. We _ in Class One. A. all areB. are allC. both areD. are both【解析】此題容易誤選A或C。這里受到漢語(yǔ)思維的影響引起的，譯成漢語(yǔ)正好是“我們都在一班”。表示兩者都要用both，both一般放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。正確答案為D

20、。3. There is _ egg at home. Will you please get _ for me, please?A. no, someB. not, someC. not any, anyD. not an, any【解析】此題容易誤選C或D。這是由于死記語(yǔ)法條文引起的。因?yàn)榇蠹叶贾纒ome一般用于肯定句中，而any一般用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，這樣一來(lái)A和B首先就給排除了。其實(shí)，在表示請(qǐng)求或建議的疑問(wèn)句，如Would you like? / What would you like? / Could you/ I ? / What about? / How about? / W

21、ould/ will you please?等等疑問(wèn)句中習(xí)慣上要用some而不用any。又因?yàn)閚o可以直接修飾名詞，而not必須加上a/an或any之后才可以接名詞。因此正確答案為A。4. A latest English newspaper, please!Only one copy left. Would you like to have _, sir?A. oneB. this C. that D. it【解析】此題容易誤選A。這是由于忽略語(yǔ)境和思維定勢(shì)造成的。這里是在詢問(wèn)是否有報(bào)紙賣(mài)，很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為這里最后一句話的意思是“先生，你是否想要一份”。其實(shí)，由上文中的Only one copy

22、 left. 可知，只剩下一份報(bào)紙了，這暗示了購(gòu)買(mǎi)者別無(wú)選擇，只能買(mǎi)“它”了。正確答案為D。中考英語(yǔ)交際口語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題10例(有詳解)1. Dont make any noise in the living room! My baby is sleeping. _. A. Sorry, I wontB. It doesnt matterC. Excuse me, Im wrongD. Certainly, I wont【解析】此題容易誤選 C 或 D。一方面可能由于不知道 Excuse me. 與 Sorry. 的區(qū)別，而誤選為C；另一方面可能由于不理解這一語(yǔ)境而誤選為D。這里聽(tīng)話者是做錯(cuò)了事情，

23、做錯(cuò)的事情首先應(yīng)該說(shuō) Sorry 表示歉意，然后現(xiàn)表示不會(huì)再那樣做了。正確答案為A。2. I havent seen Jack for three days, is he ill?_. His mother told me that he was in hospital. A. I am afraid soB. I hope notC. I dont expectD. I am afraid not【解析】此題容易誤選B或D。一般來(lái)說(shuō)我們不希望別人生病，如果不注意語(yǔ)境的話，就很可能誤選為B或D。由下文His mother told me that he was in hospital. 可知J

24、ack可能生病了。I am afraid so. 意為“恐怕是這樣的”，常用來(lái)表示一種不太肯定的語(yǔ)氣。正確答案為A3. Excuse me. May I use your computer?_. Its broken. A. SureB. Yes, here you areC. With pleasureD. Im afraid not【解析】此題易犯草率答題的錯(cuò)誤而誤選A或B。對(duì)于別人的請(qǐng)求大多數(shù)要用肯定回答，如果沒(méi)有下文的Its broken. 選擇A或B那肯定是正確的。由下文的Its broken. 可知，這里應(yīng)該拒絕對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求，故正確答案為D。這里Im afraid not. 意為“恐

25、怕不行”。4. Can I get you something to drink, Mr Smith? _. I am thirsty. A. Here you are B. No, thank youC. Youre welcomeD. Yes, please【解析】此題容易誤選B。因?yàn)楫?dāng)對(duì)方問(wèn)自己是否需要某物時(shí)可以說(shuō)Yes, please. 表示接受，也可以說(shuō)No, thank you. 表示拒絕。如果不注意看下文的Im thirsty. 就很可能誤選為B。正確答案為D。5. Your sweater is very beautiful, Joan!_. A. thank you all

26、the sameB. Not at allC. Just so-soD. thank you【解析】此題容易誤選B或C。在漢語(yǔ)中受到別人的表?yè)P(yáng)或贊美時(shí)往往感到不好意思，要謙虛一番，受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響就很容易選擇B或C。在英語(yǔ)中受到表?yè)P(yáng)或贊美時(shí)往往要欣然接受，向?qū)Ψ奖硎局x意。如果草率做題此題也很可能會(huì)誤選為A。正確答案為D。6. What do you do? _. A. I am thirteenB. I work hardC. Im fineD. Im a student【解析】此題容易誤選B。What do you do? 所問(wèn)的不是經(jīng)?！白鍪裁础?，而是在詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的“職業(yè)”，它相當(dāng)于What

27、s your job? 因此正確答案為D。注意：以下句型的意思：What is he? (用來(lái)詢問(wèn)職業(yè))他是干什么的？What does he do? (= Whats his job? ) (用來(lái)詢問(wèn)職業(yè)) What is he like? (用來(lái)詢問(wèn)長(zhǎng)相或人品) 他長(zhǎng)得怎么樣？/他是怎樣一個(gè)人？ How is he? (用來(lái)詢問(wèn)身體狀況)他身體怎么樣？How old is he? (用來(lái)詢問(wèn)年齡) 他多大了？7. Andy isnt going out this evening, is she?_. She has to stay at home to look after her sic

28、k mother. A. Yes, she isB. No, she isntC. Yes, she isntD. No, she is【解析】此題容易誤選C。答語(yǔ)應(yīng)譯作“是，她不出去”才對(duì)，因此受到漢語(yǔ)思維的影響此題就很可能選C，但是這不符合英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。其實(shí)，否定的疑問(wèn)句回答與肯定的疑問(wèn)句的回答方式是一樣的，答案肯定的就用“Yes, + 肯定的省略句”；答案是否定的就用“No, +否定的省略句”。只不過(guò)否定疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)中Yes要譯作“不”，No要譯作“是的”，這一點(diǎn)與漢語(yǔ)有點(diǎn)錯(cuò)位。例如：你是一名學(xué)生，假如有人這樣問(wèn)你：Are you a student? / Arent you a stud

29、ent? / You are a student, arent you? / You arent a student, are you? 那么你的回答都應(yīng)該是“Yes, I am.”。只不過(guò)應(yīng)注意在回答第2和第4個(gè)問(wèn)句時(shí)Yes要譯作“不”。8. Hello. May I speak to Mr. Wang?Whos calling, please. _. A. Im Mr. WangB. Mr. Wang is hereC. This is Mr. Wang speakingD. Mr. Wang is calling【解析】此題容易誤選A或B或D。這是受的漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)中在電話時(shí)常

30、常說(shuō)“我是某人”時(shí)，但是英語(yǔ)中不說(shuō)“I am / is here. ”而習(xí)慣上說(shuō)“This is (speaking). / Speaking. ”正確答案為C。9. I fell and hurt my leg just not. _. A. Be carefulB. It doesnt matterC. Im sorry to hear thatD. Nothing serious【解析】此題容易誤選A或B或D。這里也很容易受到漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)對(duì)方告訴我們說(shuō)他或她摔倒了，我們總會(huì)對(duì)他或她進(jìn)行安慰說(shuō)一些“小心點(diǎn)”，“沒(méi)關(guān)系”等等之類的話。而在英語(yǔ)中聽(tīng)到對(duì)方訴說(shuō)一些不幸的事情時(shí)往往要說(shuō)

31、“Im sorry to hear that. / Bad luck!”之類的話表示同情或安慰，這一點(diǎn)與漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣不一樣。正確答案為C。10. _. thank you very much. I will. A. Congratulations! B. Best wishes to youC. Please say hello to your family. D. What a good wish to your family!【解析】此題容易誤選A或B。因?yàn)锳和B兩項(xiàng)都可以用thank you very much. 來(lái)回答，如果不注意后面的I will. ，那么選擇A或B的可能性是非常大的。

32、正確答案為C。Please say hello to your family. 意為“請(qǐng)代我向你的家人問(wèn)好”。做好中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題的實(shí)用技巧1. 保持良好的精神狀態(tài)。良好的精神狀態(tài)對(duì)于考場(chǎng)上的考生來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。因?yàn)橹挥性谛睦矸潘傻那闆r下，考生的精力才能夠集中，思維才會(huì)敏捷，從而才能將自己的真實(shí)水平發(fā)揮出來(lái)。2. 抓住中心句。閱讀短文之前，先看短文是否有標(biāo)題。若有，應(yīng)給予高度重視。因?yàn)闃?biāo)題是文章主題的高度凝聚，它能給我們啟發(fā)和想象，有利于加深對(duì)短文的理解，從而提高做題效率。另外，在沒(méi)有標(biāo)題的情況下，應(yīng)充分重視短文的首、尾句。因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)文章都是按照“總-分-總”的結(jié)構(gòu)布局的。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，英語(yǔ)中有60

33、%-90%的主題句位于段首和段尾，短文的其他文字往往是對(duì)這些中心句的解釋和說(shuō)明。3. 克服不良習(xí)慣，提高閱讀速度。由于考試的時(shí)間有限，在保證不出偏差的前提下，一定要盡可能地提高閱讀速度。倘若能注意克服以下不良習(xí)慣，就可以大大提高閱讀速度：心讀?？紙?chǎng)上不能出聲閱讀，于是有的考生就在心里讀，有時(shí)考生的嘴唇也在動(dòng)。這是非常不好的習(xí)慣，一定要下決心克服。因?yàn)檫@樣做會(huì)直接制約著閱讀速度的提高；回視(指重新閱讀上文)。閱讀中的回視是一種無(wú)效勞動(dòng)，所以應(yīng)一口氣把文章讀完，盡量不要回視。這壞習(xí)慣是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中就應(yīng)當(dāng)引起注意并加以克服；一個(gè)詞一個(gè)詞地看。閱讀時(shí)，視線應(yīng)從左

34、向右跳躍式移動(dòng)，著重掃描意群，同時(shí)注意意群中的重要單詞，以尋求主要的語(yǔ)言信息。可將冠詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞及不定式符號(hào)等小品詞一掃而過(guò)，不可一詞不漏地全部都看一遍；只讀不記。正確的做法是：一邊閱讀一邊用筆記下或標(biāo)出那些與文后所設(shè)問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息。這樣，在做題時(shí)就用不著重新查閱短文，至少不用一句一句地再尋找那些隱約有印象的信息，從而可以節(jié)省一些時(shí)間。4. 判斷要有依據(jù)，推理要順乎作者的意圖。對(duì)于推理性或評(píng)價(jià)性之類的閱讀理解題目，在材料中一般是找不到現(xiàn)成答案的，必須通讀全篇，對(duì)所獲信息加以篩選、提煉、推斷，對(duì)作者的思想傾向，對(duì)文中提及的人物或事件可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)局等，加以綜合考慮才能得出正確結(jié)論。對(duì)這種題，

35、不能以偏概全，不能“只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木，不見(jiàn)森林”，不能以個(gè)人的想法代替作者的意圖。5. 遇到生詞時(shí)，一定要沉著、冷靜。中考英語(yǔ)試題中，一般是不會(huì)盲目地出現(xiàn)生詞的，但不排除出現(xiàn)影響答題的生詞，同時(shí)也可能出現(xiàn)猜測(cè)生詞的題目，因?yàn)椴聹y(cè)詞義也是閱讀能力的體現(xiàn)，當(dāng)然也在考查范圍之列。遇到這種題目，只要理解了全篇材料的大部分內(nèi)容，弄清了上、下文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，判斷出它在文中可能存在的含義是不難的。英語(yǔ)中猜測(cè)詞義的方法很多。如：(1)根據(jù)上、下文進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。這是最重要，也是最常用的方法。有些生詞可以通過(guò)上下文的相關(guān)信息，或根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)，修飾語(yǔ)等猜測(cè)詞義。例如：The people who survived the ea

36、rthquake cried bitterly over the bodies of their relatives. 【分析】一般來(lái)說(shuō)，中考“閱讀理解”題中的“詞義猜測(cè)”，并不要求考生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法去分析單詞的詞義，而是要求考生根據(jù)文中的有關(guān)信息對(duì)生詞的詞義進(jìn)行推斷性的猜測(cè)。聯(lián)系上下文，不難看出：這些人的親屬死了，他們?cè)诳?，顯然他們?cè)诘卣鹬小皊urvive”了。這個(gè)詞不就是“幸存”之意嗎？可見(jiàn)，這種詞義猜測(cè)也是建立在對(duì)上下文的正確理解之上的。又如：The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to lis

37、ten to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting. 【分析】下文中的短語(yǔ)came together意思是“聚到一起”，由此可以推斷出學(xué)生們是“聚集到”學(xué)校大廳里聽(tīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的結(jié)果的。故該詞的意思是“聚集”。(2)利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。英語(yǔ)的構(gòu)詞法大致可分為派生、轉(zhuǎn)化和合成等。例如：Man differs from most from all the other animals in their ability to learn and use languages. 【分析】不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，本句中的生詞differ跟differe

38、nt是同根詞，搭配也是from，其前有man，其后有animals，根據(jù)這些信息可以斷定動(dòng)詞differ此處有“和不相同”、“與存在差別”之意。這里要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，大部分閱讀題目在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，已充分考慮到了生詞對(duì)答題的影響。對(duì)于那些對(duì)答題無(wú)關(guān)緊要的生詞，如人名、地名、產(chǎn)品商標(biāo)名稱或影視劇目名稱等，一般是不加注漢語(yǔ)的，只要能推斷出那些生詞的類別就可以了，不必弄清其準(zhǔn)確含義。對(duì)于那些一時(shí)難以斷定其意思又不妨礙理解的生詞，大可不必理會(huì)。另外，熟詞新義也是應(yīng)當(dāng)引起重視的。英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)往往具有一詞多義，在不同的場(chǎng)合它所表達(dá)的意思就不一定相同。如果僅僅用它的主要或常用的詞義來(lái)理解一篇文章，就可能產(chǎn)生誤解，或者

39、根本無(wú)法了解作者的意圖。如果一時(shí)間想不起該詞的其他含義，可根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷該詞的詞義。特別是那些關(guān)鍵詞，必須仔細(xì)推敲。實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練AHave you ever heard of e-books? E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read.How does the e-book work?First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you

40、want. There are thousands of books provided by different websites on the Internet. Then download the books you like on to your e-book. You can download about 10 books at a time. Now you can just sit back and enjoy yourself reading.Compared with ordinary books, e-books have many advantages. First of

41、all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10 books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere. You can renew reading materials in your e-book as many times as you like. With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear. Then you just take

42、 your e-books there and download what you want to read. You no longer need to worry about whether your books are over-due or not.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇可以完成句子的最佳答案。1. E-books are _.A. electronic booksB. no larger than an ordinary book C. very popular in big cityD. A, B and C2. First, you _.A. call up websites on

43、your computer B. read books that you want C. turn on your e-book D. download the books you like3. You can download _ books at a time.A. two B. ten C. twelve D. twenty4. E-books _.A. save space B. save moneyC. look like a pocket radio D. carry it easily 5. There must be an _ in the future.A. e-book B

44、. e-mail C. e-library D. e-houseBEager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a “space place” model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space.Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked s

45、eats to fly on the C-21 plane. The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip. C-21 would offer tourists a small glimpse of space. The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two

46、 passengers, will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air. Once released from the carrier, the ships own rocket will send it to a height of over 96 kilometers for three minutes of weightlessness. Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an o

47、rdinary plane. The entire flight will only take about an hour.(from )仔細(xì)閱讀短文，補(bǔ)上每個(gè)句子中所缺的詞，使句意完整，語(yǔ)句連貫。6. A _ company would give tourists the _ to spend an hour in space.7. About 100 people are _ to spend $100,000 for _ on the C-21 plane.8. Dennis Tito is the first _ _. He have paid $20

48、 million for the eight-day trip in space.9. A _ and two _ will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane.10. C-21 will _ back into the atmosphere and _ like an ordinary plane.COnce a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to

49、the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off. Down came the boy!This is just a story. But it tells us that man has always dreamed of flying. In 1783, this dream came true. Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon. It rose a thousand feet high.It took almost 100 years for men to move from t

50、he hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s. It was a powered balloon.In North Carolina of America, less than twenty-five years later, the Wright Brothers flew the first airplane. This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet.根據(jù)

51、短文內(nèi)容，選擇能回答所提問(wèn)題的最佳答案。11. Why did the boy come down from the sky? Because _.A. he covered his arms with feathersB. he used wax to keep the feathers on C. he flew too close to the sunD. the wax melted and the feathers came off12. Who invented the hot-air balloon?A. Two French brothers. B. the Wright Br

52、others. C. Benjamin Franklin. D. Einstein. 13.When was the first airship invented?A. In the late 1900s. B. About 100 years ago. C. A and B. D. Many years ago.14. How about the first airplane? A. The Wright Brothers invented the first airplane. B. It flew less than half a minute and a few feet high.

53、C. This first flight was in 1903. D. It was born in North Carolina of America.【答案與解析】1. D。根據(jù)E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read 可知答案為D。2. A。根據(jù)First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want可知答案為A。3. B

54、。根據(jù)You can download about 10 books at a time(你每次大約能下載10本書(shū))就能確定答案。4. A。根據(jù)First of all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere(首先，電子書(shū)節(jié)省空間，你能放10本書(shū)進(jìn)入比口袋收音機(jī)大不多的一件東西里，且可攜帶到任何地方去)可確定答案。5. C。根據(jù)With the development of e-book

55、technology, probably an e-library will appear(隨著電子書(shū)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，電子圖書(shū)館就會(huì)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生)就能確定答案。6. Russian, chance。根據(jù)Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a “space place” model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space(人類渴望開(kāi)發(fā)太空旅游市場(chǎng), 一家俄羅斯公司提出一項(xiàng)“太空住所” 樣式，將給旅游者提供1小時(shí)在太空瀟灑的機(jī)會(huì))足能敲定要填的詞(from )。7. eager, flying。根據(jù)Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane (任何能負(fù)擔(dān)得起大約10萬(wàn)美元的人都能體驗(yàn)飛行時(shí)之失重