高考英語完形填空解題技巧和方法

1、高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)-完形填空解題技巧指導(dǎo)一.高中英語課程標準和考試說明對高考完形填空的規(guī)定：完形填空是高考試題中的一個重要部分。完形填空共20題，考試時間為20分鐘左右，分值為30分，占總分的20%。在兩篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文（約350詞）內(nèi)留有20個空格，每個空格為一題，每題有四個選擇項，要求考生在全面理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個最佳答案，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。完形填空部分的目的是測試學(xué)生綜合運用語言的能力（測試能力要求大體接近大學(xué)非英語專業(yè)二年級水平。）完型填空考查綜合運用語言的能力：1）詞語辨析能力2）語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力3）語篇理解能力4）邏輯推理能力 5）文化背景透析能力6）生活常識

2、綜合運用能力二：完型填空試題主要特點：1 .通常從一篇300-350詞左右，文章中設(shè)空20個，首句不挖空；2 .內(nèi)容完整，邏輯性強，語言結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹。生詞少，難度適中。3 .干擾項設(shè)計嚴密.一般情況下，四個選項的詞性相同或?qū)儆谕然驅(qū)Φ确懂?干擾項填入后在語法上一般不存在錯誤，對考生有很大的迷惑作用；4 .突出語篇（語境），強調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重交際；5 .考察重點多為實詞：名詞/代詞/動詞/形容，/副詞等；單詞為主、短語為輔。6 .關(guān)注語境背景知識，側(cè)重上下關(guān)聯(lián)，暗示判斷能力。7 .大多富有積極的教育意義，給人以人生的啟迪或是充滿了生活情趣；記敘文對于敘事，描述類文章。短文的首句，往往點明故事發(fā)生的人物

3、（who）,時間（when）,地點（where）, 和事件（what）等背景情況。例：it was a busy morning, about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital .議論文1、議論文的設(shè)題往往多以上下文為基礎(chǔ)，利用承前信息或滯后信息，使讀者有所依托。2、議論文中表達作者態(tài)度或看法的詞較多，所以，試題中對形容詞和副詞的考查往往也較多。 問題跳躍性較大。我們做題時，既要看事實，又要感悟作者的態(tài)度與情感。對于論述文，首句表明了論述的主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如：a man who knows

4、how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. a letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 .說明文說明文直白性較強，脈絡(luò)清晰。2、說明文的層次清晰，整體性強，所以，遞進性詞匯和名詞的設(shè)題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。只要把握 這些關(guān)鍵，做完形填空便會得心應(yīng)手，游刃有余。完形填空總體要求完形填空全面考查學(xué)生的語言知識、閱讀理解能力和總體語言水平。解題過程是對語篇中的缺失信息進行猜測、推斷、驗證的過程，需要我們立足語篇環(huán)境，樹 立全局觀念，瞻前顧后，連貫思維，從語境角度來選擇答案。高考完形填空考什么？1.詞匯題2.

5、語法結(jié)構(gòu)3.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)（語境）為什么我們在這一題型上總是失分較多？1 .沒有嚴格遵循答題步驟：很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認真分析通篇文章， 單純求快，忽略語篇理解,只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。表面上解題速度挺快， 但是這種見樹不見林的做法只會影響解題的質(zhì)量和效率。切記:一定要用2-3分鐘時間先進行缺詞閱讀，棄清文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再著手逐個填空.2 .不注意積累答題技巧：a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；b.忽略文章中上下文之間的照應(yīng)關(guān)系；c.遇到長句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在語義模糊時抱碰運氣的心理隨意作出選擇.3 .時間安排不當：在幾個選項上過分糾纏，追求完美，導(dǎo)致許多本可以做

6、出的題來不及做。切記:正確的做法是由易到難，先做會做的，再考慮較難的。強烈推薦：如尚有幾題題目不確定可將某題的可能的兩項填入空格 ，然后快速地整句整段地默讀 選擇某一項習(xí)慣或短語或動賓搭配讀起來較流暢的.4 .解題方法：總的原則：先完意，后完形。十六字方針：上下通氣，瞻前顧后，左顧右盼，前后照應(yīng) 。三步曲：讀填 讀5 .完形填空具體解題步驟通覽-選填-復(fù)核1通覽-速讀全文，把握大意跳格快速閱讀一下全文，通過通覽全文、領(lǐng)會大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容等等。2選填-緊扣文意，瞻前顧后先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語境，展開邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、

7、搭配，慣用法，語法，常識等多個角度進行綜合考，選項入格。3復(fù)核-全面檢查，確保語意連貫，用詞準確復(fù)讀全文驗證答案。帶著答案把全文再通讀一遍，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴謹、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。完形填空之解題技巧 basic skills of cloze細讀文章的第一句話高考完形填空選文的第一句話通常是完整的。該句往往就是主題句（ topic sentence,這就為我 們理解文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提供了一個“窗口” ，它的句意往往為全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全 文大意、揭示主題。充分重視首句的標示作用，利用它為解題找到一個突破口，據(jù)此展開思維，爭取開局勝利。一：

8、詞匯題1.上下文和前后句的提示（復(fù)現(xiàn)、同/近義詞、反義詞）1 .（ 2010 d 匕京卷）mrs. neidl would ask me for my 37. she wanted to know how ithought shebelieved i had opinions, so i began- to .37. a.opinionb.impressionconformationd.intention語境-原詞重現(xiàn)2. （2010 陜西卷）i had some 28 in my pocker, but i would not give them to him, thinking tomys

9、elf he would 29 （ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol.28. a. chocolatesb. coinsc. tinsd. drugs語境-同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)3. many old people don t have good. they canbut thwytcatvsten to music or newsover the radio .a hearing b healthc eyesightd time4. some parts of the water are very shal

10、low. but in some places it is very, very.a. deepb.highc. coldd. dangerous5. chinese government challenged local shools to conduct experiments in-educationreform. and then renda fuzhong xisan school in beijing stepped up to the.a. chargesb. exchangec. challenge d. experience語境-原詞重現(xiàn)（詞性變化）6. and then b

11、oth ended up from the same high school. just three weeks before, bill asked mark if they could talk.（2003 北京）a graduation b movement c separationd vacation7. the amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. holding springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly i

12、n the 22 areas like the desert.22. a. dry b. distant c. deserted d. wild8. the correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below.34. a. clouds b. sky c air d. above9. in 1964 shirley graduated from gallaudet and looked for _44_.she wanted to be independent and

13、work full time.44.a.information b.help c.a job d.an assistant10. the stone men face 41,rather than out to sea, and their eyes are focused upon the sky.41. a. forward b. outward c. onwardd. inward11.the art experts who work at the gallery say theyused modern chemistry technology to 45 the paint on th

14、e picture. these checks found traces!（跡）of paint deep in the picture dating from about 1814.45. a. try b. remove c. wash d. check詞匯題2.詞語的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配1. （2010 全國 i） the nurse had him take a36 in the waiting area, 37（telling） him it would be at least 40 minutes 38（before） someone would be able to see him

15、 .36 a. breath b. test c. seatd. break語境-固定搭配2. the city（washington） was named george washington, the first president of the unitedstates.a. byb. for c. as d. after3. it was 4 o clock when the front doorbell rang. mrs clarke was tea at the time.a. cookingb. making c. burningd. serving4. mark down an

16、d helped the boy pick up these articles.（2003 北京 春 50 小題）a.fellb. satc.layd. knelts5. ， but they are damage to our houses and shops of historical interest,norris,one of the protesters. （nmet1999第 30 題）a .doingb. raisingc. puttingd. producing6. he d 36 his life brewing beer for local breweries only t

17、o make a living, 37 had his fatherand grand father before him.36. a. cost b. spent37. a. like b. as if7. on april 12, 1888, alfred brother for him and c. take d. paidc.so d. nors brother ludwig died of heaat mtajokfrench newspaperhisa. foundb. misunderstoodc. mistookd. judged能與“a for b搭配的在四個選項中只有選項

18、c, mistake a for b為“誤以為a是b,把a錯當成b。注意： mistake-mistook-mistaken詞匯題3.根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義1.（2010江蘇卷）my father 36 me to her with these words:i would like you to meet the fellowwho is 36.a.rushed b.sent c.carried d.introduced語境-詞義辨析2.（2010 全國 i） the happiest people don 53）necessarily ） have the best of everyt

19、hing； they just54 the best of everything they have .54 a. learn b make c.favor d.try語境-詞義辨析3. the boy was the water and his canoe was _away. a. onb. withinc. ind. under a. runningb. floatingc. flowingd. pulling4. with her slow and clumsy reactions, she would surely her team.a. hold onb. hold outc. h

20、old overd. hold up語境 + 詞語辨析5 .the trainer decided it was useless trying to finish. he called to trudy to 45.45. a. keep up b. slow downc. give upd. take up6 .the forest began to disappear, which 53 all the animals dying out.53. a. resulted in b. resulted from c. createdd. lay in7. nobel arranged in

21、his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great to the causes of peace, literature, and thesciences.a. additionsb. sacrifices c. changesd. contributionsmake additions to 給增力口make sacrifices for為做出犧牲make changes to對 作修改make

22、 contributions to 對 作貢獻8. so i tried hard with my writing and went to college . my first novel 45 while i was at college.45. a. came onb. came in c. came out d. came backcome on加油，得了吧；開始come out出來；盛開；出版；顯出come in 進來come back 回來詞匯題4.根據(jù)生活常識及文化背景知識進行選擇1. i made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting

23、for cassie. 39 the butter-cream gave me an idea.a. spreading b. boiling c. baking d. holding生活常識2. （2010福建）born in america , i spoke english not chinese the language of my ancestors . wheni was three . my parents flashed cards with chinese 36 at my face , but i pused them 37 （aside ）,36. a. custorn

24、b. games c .characters d. language 常識、背景知識3. i turned the key in the lock and the door open.a. knocked b. forced c. pushed d. tried語境-常識4.（2008 浙江）i don t remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool. but he diove the water.any kind of ride seemed to give him pleasure. and he loved to fisha.

25、 boat b. bus c. train d. bike5. ,you _ _the international dateline.byreement, this is the point where a new day_（2 a. seeb. cross c. ared. are stopped by a.is comingb. is discovered c.is invented d. beginsthe international dateline是國際日期變更線是人們所規(guī)定的，看不見，摸不著，但是可以越過。它是新的一天開始的地方。答案分別為b和d其實，以上方法并非獨立使用，交互使用

26、的情況較多。根據(jù)文章運用多方法，對選項逐項分析， 排除干擾項，從而確定最佳答案。對稍難的或拿不準的個別題，我們可采用排除法。二：邏輯手段1.邏輯手段順序關(guān)系并列關(guān)系 因果關(guān)系讓步關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系1. （2010 江蘇卷）then she looked at my father and replied, 40（wfoygu arethis is not the worst boy at all,41 the smartest one who hasn t yet found an oulet放的途徑）for his enthusiasm. ”41. a.but b.so c.and d.or

27、語境-轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、搭配2. （2010湖南卷）bean is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38.38. a. smart b.sweet c.slow d.shy語境-同類并列關(guān)系3. （2010 安徽卷）first of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, .then the writing point of the pen 52 ;the pen should make a thick, dark line.52. a. meanwhileb. generallyc. afterward

28、sd. finally語境-順序關(guān)系4. a transistor radio is sometimes very small.it is very easy to carry,radio broadcafor blind people.a. besides b. howeverc. yet d. sometimes5. at first nothing happened,suddenly a large rat rushed out ofthe a.and b. or c. so d.then6. my main responsibility（職責(zé)）were clearing tables

29、and washing dishes,sometimes i helpedcook. （2003 北京 第 40 題）a. orb. so c. butd. even7.father and i often argue with each other, we are good friends.a. ifb. althoughc. whend. as if語境-讓步關(guān)系8. if we make a noise on the bus they look and uncomfortable .a. untouched b. worried c, movedd. excitedhellen was

30、an old teacher with a warm smile and eyes.a. burstingb. freezingc. friendlyd. lively語境-并列關(guān)系二：邏輯手段2：語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析when we talked, i discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)） some differences in school life between the us and china. for example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the us. it is a little than that in china. we usually have

31、forty minutes in each class.a. shorter b. longer c. earlier d. later（遼寧）42 is known to us all, there is not 43 （enough） water in all places for every-one to use as much as he likes.42. a. thatb. itc. what d. as when ed first phoned and we play, i laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory.（nmet200

32、3 ,37題）a.declaredb. mentioned c.persuaded d. suggested（2010 天津卷）“ as a policeman, i saw 27 there was violence, drugs were always behindit. they have a damaging 28（impact） on the kids. ”27. a. whereb. unlessc. asd. whether the instructor then that we find ways to make apologize to people.a. expectedb

33、. suggested c. toldd. saidwe find = we should find of course, he did not understand a thing, but he nodded his head as hea. did b. had c. understood d. could這兒did代替understood,不選understood避免重復(fù)。屬語法考點.（2007 遼寧）what made him sad was his piano teacher in beijing didn t like him.a. whetherb. whyc. whend. that完型