2020_2021學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit4AdversityandCouragePeriod3素養(yǎng)檢測含解析新人教版選擇性必修第三冊

1、unit 4 adversity and courage課時素養(yǎng)檢測 十五unit 4period 3. 閱讀理解(2020三明高二檢測)i was going to die in antarctica. i was certain. an image of my frost-covered body, pale and lifeless, filled my mind as i glanced around. in all directions the empty wilderness of antarctica stretched away from me, the only featur

2、e on the landscape being the division between snow and sky. i gazed sadly at my team. they were rapidly disappearing over the horizon. i was leading an expedition (探險隊) attempting to reach the south pole. the team was made up of ordinary women from all around the worldfrom jamaica, india, singapore

3、and cyprusmany of whom had never seen snow, or spent a night in a tent before we set off. our aim was to be the most international all-female team to reach the south pole. as i watched, the rest of the team had marched on, unaware that i was not with them. by the time i realized that my sledge was f

4、irmly stuck, the team were already a long way ahead of me. i called out to era, my teammate from brunei. “era! stop! ”getting no response i called again, but my shouts were carried away in the opposite direction by the wind. seconds passed. nothing. i was gradually being left alone, completely defen

5、seless against the fatally low temperatures of antarctica. my strength increased when i thought of a cold, lonely death. i pulled again my sledge, which moved a little. i removed the ice with my ski-pole and boot, desperately trying to break the sledge free. the sledge shot forward, knocking me off

6、balance. i struggled to my feet and set off after the team. i caught up just as reena, my teammate from india, looked behind her and noticed there was one person missing. she swung around on her skis in shock and spotted me in the near distance. as we continued, my panic slowly faded. for the rest o

7、f the day each of the team was glancing over their shoulder every few minutes. they were not going to risk losing me again. 【語篇概述】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了“我”帶領(lǐng)一個國際女子探險隊在南極探險, 途中“我”的雪橇被雪卡住, 以致掉隊。后來“我”經(jīng)過努力克服危機, 趕上了隊伍的故事。1. what is special about the expedition team? a. they were all female. b. they were all prof

8、essional. c. they made the longest expedition. d. they had been strictly trained. 【解析】選a。細節(jié)理解題。從第二段內(nèi)容可知作者帶領(lǐng)的探險隊是由來自世界各地的普通女性組成的, 因此a項正確。2. what made the author get her sledge out of the ice? a. the shouts from her teammates. b. her strong desire to live. c. the sudden change in wind direction. d. th

9、e natural beauty ahead. 【解析】選b。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句可知, 想到冰冷孤獨的死亡使作者力量大增, 從而作者將雪橇從冰雪里拔了出來, 因此可以說是強大的求生欲望解救了作者。3. at last, each of the team members kept looking back to_. a. avoid being attacked from behindb. make sure that none fell behindc. check the distance they had coveredd. keep a record of the route

10、they took【解析】選b。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知, 每個人不停地回頭看是為了保證沒有人掉隊。4. which may be the best title of the passage? a. how to survive in antarcticab. a mysterious trip to the south polec. a female expeditiond. being left behind in the snow【解析】選d。標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講述了作者在一次南極探險中由于掉隊而差點發(fā)生危險的經(jīng)歷。. 閱讀填句根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白

11、處的最佳選項, 選項中有兩項為多余選項。on any given day, many of us wrestle with our fears. we might be considering changing a job, telling someone we love them or wanting to speak up for whats right when we see injustice(不公正). 1or it says that we dont have the ability to create the life or world we want to have. the

12、cycle often plays out in the same way. so, what should we do? 2instead, we can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practice courage. though courage is often thought of as an inborn character, its actually a practice that can be learned for dealing with difficulty. 3here are tw

13、o useful tips for dealing with fear and moving closer to courage. listen without attachment. many of us who are stuck in fear have an inner critic(批評家), constantly telling us well fail. sometimes we adopt approaches to removing it. 4however, if we can take time to listen to our inner critic without

14、attachmentwithout the need to ignore or accept what it is sayingwere in a better position to learn from it. 5creating courageous communities gives us the support to face challenges. sometimes our stories get in our way, and we need people who are doing similar work to help us see where were getting

15、stuck or what were truly good at. a. fear shows up in the body. b. youll be more likely to make the changes. c. in other words, courage can become a habit. d. dont see fear as bad or try to remove it when it arises. e. but a voice within us pipes up saying that theres no point. f. while we can get t

16、emporary relief, they dont actually make the critic go away. g. surround yourself with like-minded people who also honor the values of courage. 【語篇概述】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何獲取勇氣來戰(zhàn)勝內(nèi)心的恐懼。1. 【解析】選e。根據(jù)空后“or it says that we dont have the ability to create the life or world we want to have. ”可知答案, 其中的it即e項中的“

17、a voice within us”. 2. 【解析】選d。根據(jù)空后的“instead, we can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practice courage. ”可知, 作者不贊成“把恐懼看成不好的事情并在它一出現(xiàn)時就消滅它”的做法, 并給出了“接受恐懼并鍛煉膽量”的建議。3. 【解析】選c。本空是對上一句“its actually a practice that can be learned for dealing with difficulty”的進一步說明。4. 【解析】選f。上一句指出,

18、有時候我們采取一些策略來消滅它, 但是作者認為這只是暫時的解脫, 并不能真正地趕走這個批評家。5. 【解析】選g。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知, 作者給出的建議是: 與同樣珍視勇氣的人在一起。本空后的句子中“courageous communities”即指g項中提到的“l(fā)ike-minded people who also honor the values of courage, ”故選g項。. 完形填空a love note to my momwhen i was a little girl, i would often accompany you as you modeled for fashion

19、 photographers. it was years later that i finally understood what role 1played in your life. little did i know you were saving every penny you earned to go to 2 school. i cannot thank you enough for what you told me one autumn afternoon when i was nine. after finishing my homework, i wandered into t

20、he dining room where you were buried 3piles of law books. i was 4. why were you doing 5 i domemorizing textbooks and studying for 6? when you said you were in law school, i was more puzzled. i didnt know moms could be lawyers too. you smiled and said, “in life, you can do anything you want to do. ”a

21、s young as i was, that statement 7 ringing in my ears. i watched as you faced the 8 of completing your studies, starting companies with dad, while still being a model and a mom of five kids. i was exhausted just watching you 9. with your words of wisdom in my 10 mind, i suddenly felt unlimited freed

22、om to dream. my whole world 11. i set out to live my life filled with 12, seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements. your words became my motto. i13 found myself in the unique position of being either the first (woman doctor in maryland) or one of the few women (chief m

23、edical reporters) in my field. i 14 strength every time i said, “yes, ill try that. ”encouraged by your15, i have forged ahead (毅然前行) with my lifes journey, less afraid to make mistakes, and eagerly meeting each challenge. you did it, and now im doing it. sorry, got to run. so much to do, so many dr

24、eams to live. 【語篇概述】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者九歲時, 媽媽和她說了一句話: 一生中, 你可以做任何想做的事。雖然那時作者還小, 但這句話一直縈繞在她耳邊。媽媽的言行一直激勵著她, 伴她勇敢地渡過難關(guān), 從容面對各種挑戰(zhàn), 實現(xiàn)她的人生夢想。1. a. studying b. running c. shooting d. modeling【解析】選d?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意: 很多年之后我才明白當(dāng)模特在你生活中起的作用。studying學(xué)習(xí); running跑; shooting射擊; modeling當(dāng)模特。根據(jù)上文的as you modeled for fas

25、hion photographers可知, 此處用“當(dāng)模特“符合語境, model是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn), 故選d項。2. a. businessb. lawc. fashiond. medical【解析】選b?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意: 我不知道你把你掙的每一分錢都存起來去法律學(xué)校念書。business商務(wù); law法律; fashion時尚; medical醫(yī)學(xué)。根據(jù)下文的where you were buried_piles of law books可知, 作者的媽媽要去學(xué)習(xí)法律, 故選b項。3. a. atb. toc. upond. under【解析】選d?？疾榻樵~詞義辨析。句意: 做完家庭作業(yè)后

26、, 我游逛到了餐廳, 在那兒我看見你埋頭于法律書堆里。 at在; to向, 對于; upon在上; under在什么下。根據(jù)bury可判斷, 此處用“在下”符合邏輯, 故選d項。4. a. amusedb. worriedc. puzzledd. disappointed【解析】選c?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意: 我很困惑。amused高興的; worried擔(dān)心的; puzzled困惑的; disappointed失望的。根據(jù)下文的when you said you were in law school, i was more puzzled. 可知, 此處用“困惑的“符合語境, puzzle

27、d是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn), 故選c項。5. a. whatb. thatc. whichd. where【解析】選a?？疾檫B接詞辨析。句意: 為什么你在做我做的事情背教科書, 為了考試而學(xué)習(xí)? what指代事物; that在賓語從句中無意義; which哪一個; where哪兒。分析句子可知, 此處是賓語從句連接詞, 從句缺少賓語且指代事情, 應(yīng)用連接代詞what, 故選a項。6. a. rolesb. testsc. positionsd. shows【解析】選b。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意: 為什么你在做我做的事情背教科書, 為了考試而學(xué)習(xí)? roles角色; tests考試, 測試; positions

28、位置; shows表演。結(jié)合上下文可知, 作者當(dāng)時九歲, 是一個學(xué)生, 所以需要背書和為考試而學(xué)習(xí), 故選b項。7. a. fellb. stoppedc. keptd. beat【解析】選c?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意: 我小的時候, 那句話一直縈繞在我耳邊。 fell落下; stopped停止; kept保持, 一直; beat敲打。根據(jù)下文的your words became my motto. 可推測, 作者一直記得媽媽給她說的那句話“你可以做任何你想做的事”, 故此處用“縈繞在耳邊”符合語境, 故選c項。8. a. choicesb. chancesc. adversityd. chal

29、lenges【解析】選d?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意: 我看著你面臨著既要當(dāng)模特又要當(dāng)五個孩子的媽媽, 同時要完成學(xué)習(xí)以及和爸爸一起開公司的挑戰(zhàn)。 choices選擇; chances機會; adversity逆境; challenges挑戰(zhàn)。結(jié)合下文的completing your studies, starting companies with dad, while still being a model and a mom of five kids可知此處用“挑戰(zhàn)”符合語境, 且下文的and eagerly meeting each challenge也有暗示, challenge是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

30、, 故選d項。9. a. in dangerb. in actionc. in troubled. in charge【解析】選b。考查介詞短語辨析。句意: 光看著你忙碌就讓我很累。 in danger在危險中; in action在運轉(zhuǎn)中; in trouble在麻煩中; in charge管理。根據(jù)上文的completing your studies, starting companies with dad, while still being a model and a mom of five kids可知, 作者的媽媽時時刻刻都在做事, 一直都在運轉(zhuǎn)、忙碌, 故選b項。10. a. s

31、elfishb. powerfulc. youthfuld. empty【解析】選c。考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意: 有你明智的話在我年輕的心靈里, 我突然感到有無限的自由可以做夢。selfish自私的; powerful強大的; youthful年輕的; empty空的。根據(jù)上文的as young as i was, that statement _ringing in my ears. 可知, 此處用“年輕的”符合語境, young和youthful是同義復(fù)現(xiàn), 故選c項。11. a. opened upb. closed down c. went byd. came back【解析】選a?？?/p>

32、查動詞短語辨析。句意: 我的整個世界都開闊了。opened up打開, 展開; closed down關(guān)閉; went by經(jīng)過; came back回來。根據(jù)下文的seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements可知, 此處用“開闊/展開”符合語境, 故選a項。12. a. perseveranceb. hardshipc. harmonyd. hope【解析】選d?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意: 我開始過充滿希望的生活, 看到了個人成就和職業(yè)成就的無限可能性。perseverance毅力; hardsh

33、ip困難; harmony和諧; hope希望。根據(jù)下文的seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements可知, 此處用“希望”符合語境, 故選d項。13. a. constantlyb. shortlyc. fortunatelyd. nearly【解析】選a?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意: 我不斷地發(fā)現(xiàn)我處于一個獨特的位置, 要么是馬里蘭州的第一位女醫(yī)生, 要么是我所在領(lǐng)域中為數(shù)不多的首席醫(yī)學(xué)女發(fā)言人之一。constantly不斷地; shortly立刻; fortunately幸運地; nearly幾

34、乎。結(jié)合上下文可知, 此處是指作者明白了媽媽的話之后, 開始不斷看到她人生的奇跡, 故選a項。14. a. offeredb. madec. acquiredd. refused【解析】選c?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意: 每一次我說“是的, 我要嘗試”時我都會獲得力量。offered提供; made制作; acquired獲得; refused拒絕。結(jié)合句意可知, 此處是指作者每次決定嘗試某事時都會獲得力量, 故選c項。15. a. descriptionb. praise c. statementd. introduction【解析】選c?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意: 受到你的話的鼓勵, 我在生活的

35、旅途中毅然前行, 不害怕犯錯, 渴望迎接每一個挑戰(zhàn)。description描述; praise表揚; statement話; introduction介紹。根據(jù)上文的that statement_ringing in my ears可知, 此處用“statement”符合語境, statement是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。. 語法填空over 2, 200 years ago, chengdu was threatened by frequent floods. li bing, together with his son, decided to construct an irrigation system

36、 on the minjiang river 1. (prevent) flooding. 2. _having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people, the great dujiangyan irrigation system was completed. since then, the chengdu plain has been free of flooding and the people 3. _(live) peacefully and wealthily. it is the 4. _(old) and

37、only surviving no-dam irrigation system in the world. it is also 5. wonder in the development of chinese science. the project consists of three important parts, namely yuzui, feishayan and baopingkou, which were 6. (science) designed to control the water flow of the rivers throughout the year. there

38、 is a glorious bridge called the anlan cable bridge crossing the minjiang river above yuzui, 7. you can clearly see the entire system. the great 8. _ (construct) originally started before the song dynasty. at that time, the body of the bridge was constructed with wooden blocks and the handrails(扶手)w

39、ere made of bamboo. recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the security of 9. _(visit) from home and abroad. seen from afar, the bridge looks like a rainbow 10. (hang) over the river. 【語篇概述】本文是一篇說明文, 介紹了成都都江堰水利工程的建造過程、世界地位、歷史價值以及該工程的現(xiàn)狀。1. 【解析】to prevent。

40、考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境可知, 李冰和他的兒子在岷江設(shè)計灌溉系統(tǒng)的目的是阻止洪水在成都泛濫, 故此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式表示目的。2. 【解析】after?？疾榻樵~。在經(jīng)過長期調(diào)研和地方群眾的許多努力之后, 都江堰水利工程完工。after意為“在之后”, 符合語境。3. 【解析】have been living。考查時態(tài)。句意: 從那時起, 成都平原不再受洪水侵擾, 人們一直過著和平、富裕的生活。根據(jù)該句中的since then和has been可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。4. 【解析】oldest?？疾樾稳菰~最高級。根據(jù)該句中的the 和in the world可知, 都江堰水利工程是世界上現(xiàn)存最古

41、老的無壩水利工程, 故用最高級。5. 【解析】a?？疾椴欢ü谠~。句意: 它也是中國科學(xué)發(fā)展史上的一個奇跡。這里泛指“一個奇跡”, 故用不定冠詞。6. 【解析】scientifically?？疾楦痹~?？仗幮揎梽釉~, 故用副詞形式。7. 【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 該句為非限制性定語從句, 關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語, 故用where 引導(dǎo)該定語從句。8. 【解析】construction?？疾槊~, 根據(jù)空前的形容詞“great”可以判斷空處被形容詞修飾, 故用名詞形式。9. 【解析】visitors。考查名詞的數(shù)。這里指“保證國內(nèi)外游客的安全”, 故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1

42、0. 【解析】hanging?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意: 從遠處看, 這座橋就像是懸掛在岷江上方的彩虹。空處與rainbow存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系, 故用現(xiàn)在分詞。完形填空(2020濰坊高二測試)the snow trapped taylor, but taco sauce (卷餅醬) saved his life. it all began last sunday when taylor, along with his dog, went to get gas for his 1, according to the sheriffs office. taylor told the police h

43、is car got 2 in the snow. after some time, he then 3and woke up on monday finding 4 more snow, unable to get out of the vehicle (車輛). he tried to 5 out on monday, but the snow was too deep and made it 6 to go on foot so he and his dog 7 to the vehicle. by wednesday, a8 persons announcement was put o

44、ut for taylor, according to a report. over the next few days 9 he was trapped in the snow, taylor told the police he stayed 10 by “starting his car from time to time. he 11 some of the taco sauce he had as food”. on friday, a skater called 911 saying they had12 taylor. the office soon sent a constru

45、ction truck to 13 out taylor and his dog. the officers said they were just “hungry after being stuck in the 14 for five days”. taylor was 15 to who helped him and determined to help others as possible as he could in future. 【語篇概述】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一人一狗開車去加油卻身陷大雪之中, 積雪深厚無法前行, 他們只能靠現(xiàn)有的條件保證生存, 直到5天之后被人發(fā)現(xiàn)才終

46、于獲救的故事。1. a. truck b. bus c. car d. boat【解析】選c?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意: 一切都始于上周日, taylor帶著他的狗去給他的車加油。truck卡車; bus公交車; car汽車; boat船。下文中多次出現(xiàn)his car, 所以事件是關(guān)于他的汽車。故選c項。2. a. brokenb. stuckc. lostd. changed【解析】選b。考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意: taylor告訴警方他的車困在雪里了。broken破碎的; stuck卡住的; lost丟失的; changed改變的。根據(jù)下文中“he was trapped in the sn

47、ow”, 可知是指車陷在了雪里, get stuck意為“卡住”。故選b項。3. a. fell asleepb. took risksc. tried outd. kept on【解析】選a。考查動詞短語辨析。句意: 過了一段時間, 他睡著了, 然后在周一醒過來, 發(fā)現(xiàn)雪更大了。fell asleep睡著; took risks冒險; tried out嘗試; kept on堅持。與下文的woke up對應(yīng)可知, 是指他睡著了。故選a項。4. a. alsob. almostc. stilld. even【解析】選d?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意: 過了一段時間, 他睡著了, 然后在周一醒過來, 發(fā)現(xiàn)雪更大了。also也; almost幾乎; still仍然; even甚至。下文指出他已經(jīng)不能從車里出來了, 可以推斷雪下得更大了, 要用even表示句意的遞進。故選d項。5. a. putb. callc. breakd. walk【解析】選d?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意: 他在周一盡力想走出來, 但雪太深了很難步行。put(out)撲滅, 伸出; call(out)叫喊; break(out)爆發(fā); walk(out)走出。下文表明雪太深了, 可見是很難走出去的。故選d項。6. a. difficultb