2019年北京市中考英語試題(word版,含解析)

1、英語試卷姓名準(zhǔn)考證號考場號座位號考 生 須 知1. 本試卷共10頁，共五道大題，39道小題，滿分60分，考試時問90分鐘。2. 在試卷和草稿紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號、考場號和座位號。3. 試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。4. 在答題卡上，選擇題用 2B鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。5. 考試結(jié)束，請將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回。知識運用（共1 4分）、單項填空（共6分，每小題0.5分）從下面各題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項。答案：1 5 BCADCt wait to see1. Mr. Wang is coming to o

2、ur school. I canA. herB. himC. itD. them解析：Mr. Wang表示王先生”，指男性，故用 him。2. We pla nted some flowersthe garde n yesterday.A. onB. toC. inD. of解析：指在花園里，介詞用 in。3. Excuse me, is this T-shirt?It s 88 yuan.A. how much B. how many C. how long D. how old解析：由答句可知，問句問的是價錢，故用how much。how many詢問數(shù)量，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；how lon

3、g詢問長度；how old詢問年齡。4. Lily,you finish the letter in ten minu tes?Yes, I can.A. mustB. shouldC. needD. canA. acceptsB. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted5. This cap is nice, it doesn t look good on me.A. forB. soC. butD. or解析：句意：這個帽子很漂亮，但我戴著它不好看?？崭袂昂髢?nèi)容之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故 用 but。答案：610 BADDA6. Julie takes g

4、ood care of the family dog. She is than her brother.A. patie ntB. more patie ntC. most patie ntD. the most patie nt解析：由句子中的than her brother ”可推知，此處要用 patient比較級。7. Samwith his friends every weeke nd.A. skatesB. is skati ngC. has skatedD. was skati ng解析：由時間狀語every weekend ”可推知，句子要用一般現(xiàn)在時。8. Tom, what

5、s your dad doing?He my bike.A. repairsB. will repair C. has repaired D. is repairi ng解析：問句句意：湯姆，你爸爸正在做什么？由問句可知，答句要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。9. Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.A. cha ngesB. cha ngedC. will cha ngeD. has cha nged解析：由句子中的時間狀語“since 2017可推知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時。10. If you want to visit

6、the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was book ing解析：在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用一般將來時。答案：11 12 CB11. My advice on how to save paperby my class last Mon day.解析：由句子中的時間狀語“l(fā)ast Monday ”可推知，句子要用一般過去時。12. Did you no ticein her office?Yes. She was going over ou

7、r writi ng.A. what was Miss Lin doingB. what Miss Lin was doingC. what does Miss Lin doD. what Miss Lin does解析：由答句可推知，問句要用過去進(jìn)行時；又由空格處的內(nèi)容在句子中作notice的賓語，如果賓語時句子，則要用陳序語序，故選B。二、完形填空（共8分，每小題1分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。Run for Class PresidentTwo mon ths ago, whe n our class elect ion（選

8、舉）started, I decided to run for class preside nt. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win. But I was13 that people would feel bad for me if I lost.I was busy preparing in the following week. My plan wasn t to make promises to do things Icould n t 14but t

9、o show my class why I wan ted to be preside nt. I put up my posters inhallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the one they could turn to whe never they had a problem. Si nee I was prepared, I felt thatmy cha nces of winning were strong.However, wh

10、e n I gave my speech on Elect ion Day, the respon se（反應(yīng)）was n t what I had Few people actually liste ned. When it was my opp onent對手的）turn, every one was scream ing his n ame. His speech was short, but all to the point. By the n, I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer.It was obvious

11、who would 17. For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over. I wan ted tojust go home and cry, but I made it through.My18was right: I didn t win.The next day, people were still talk ing about the elect ion. I just prete nded（ 假裝）not to hear.But later, thi ngs got better. People19 about the elect

12、ion and talked to me just as they didbefore.I don t regret putt ing time and en ergy into the elect ion because I ve lear ned that things aalways going the way I expect. And mome nts of failure like this build 20 si nee the nI ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.答案：1315 BCA13. A. bo

13、red B. afraidC. excited D. hopeful解析：結(jié)合語境及短文倒數(shù)第二段可推知，此處指“我”害怕選舉失敗后，人們對我的感 覺會不好。14. A. compare B. remember C. man age D. repeat解析：結(jié)合空格前后的內(nèi)容可推知，此處指“我”不會去承諾我不能完成的事。compare意為“比較”，remember意為“記住”，manage意為“完成（困難的事）；勉力完成”，repeat 意為“重復(fù)”。15. A. fullyB. quicklyC. freshly D. physically解析：結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可推知，“我”為這次選舉做了充分的

14、準(zhǔn)備。fully意為“充分地”，quickly 意為“訊速地”，freshly意為“剛剛；新近” ，physically意為“身體上”。答案：1620 DDBAC16. A. feared B. facedC. men ti onedD. pictured解析：結(jié)合第二段“我”的準(zhǔn)備以及下文人們對“我”和“我”的對手演講的不同表現(xiàn)可 推知，（人們）的反應(yīng)并不是我曾經(jīng)想象的那樣。fear意為“害怕”，face意為“面對” mention意為“提到”，picture意為“想象；設(shè)想”。17. A. i nsistB. returnC. waitD. win解析：結(jié)合第三段人們對“我”和“我”的對手

15、演講的不同表現(xiàn)以及下文中的“I wanted tojust go home and cry, but I made it through. ”可推知，此處指誰將會贏（得選舉）是很明顯的。D. in troducti on18. A. suggesti onB. predict ionC. direct ion 解析：結(jié)合第四段內(nèi)容以及下文I didn t win可推知，此處指“我”的預(yù)測是正確的，我沒有贏。suggestion意為建議”，prediction 意為預(yù)測”，direction 意為方向”，introduction 意為“介紹”。19. A. forgotB. wroteC. ca

16、redD. discussed解析：結(jié)合下文“talked to me just as they did before”可推知，此處指人們似乎已經(jīng)忘記了 選舉的事兒了。20. A. trustB. prideC. character D. support解析：結(jié)合下文“ since then I ve learned to face disappointment and grown strone可推 知，此處指像這樣的失敗時刻培養(yǎng)了我的性格。trust意為“信任”，pride意為“驕傲”，character意為“性格”，support意為“支持”。閱讀理解（共36分）三、閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文

17、內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。（共26分，每小題2分）AExperiencing ChinaMike, CanadaI spe nt three mon ths with my host family（ 接待家庭）in Chin a. It was a lifetime experie nee. I was able to experienee Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditi onal Chin es

18、e medic ine hospital. Now I have a better un dersta nding of Chin ese culture.Joanna, AustraliaI stayed with my host family for five mon ths. My host mother is a Chin ese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot. And I have got used to a new culture. My fa

19、vorite part of the experie nee was shari ng my feeli ngs in China with her.Bill, AmericaMy host mother is a won derful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditi onal Chin ese dishes.They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They oft

20、en ask me questions about life in America.Cindy, GermanyRecently I took part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six mon ths. My host sister is a really hardwork ing stude nt. It was amaz ing to see how she made progress in En glish. And a close relati on ship has

21、developed betwee n us.答案：21 23 ACD21. Who visited a traditi onal Chin ese medici ne hospital?A. Mike. B. Joa nna.C. Bill.D. Cin dy.解析：由“ Mike, Canada ”部分的第四句可知答案。22. How long did Joa nna stay with her host family in China?A. Three mon ths.B. Four mon ths.C. Five mon ths.D. Six mon ths.解析：由“ Joanna,

22、Australia ”部分的第一句可知答案。23. Cindy thinks her host sisters.A. a won derful cookB. a resp on sible doctorC. a warm-hearted teacherD. a hardwork ing stude nt解析：由“ Cindy, Germany ”部分的第三句可知答案。BBlue LightningSally loved cars more tha n anything else. This spri ng she thought of buildi ng a go-kart to en ter

23、 for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.“ Well, ” he said. “ How about this: you do sochefireSead then come back to me with a desig n.”A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go- kart “ BlueLightning” . Dad looked over her work, thinking.“ Well, that s int

24、eresting,” he said.Just build Blue Lightning as you ve designed.”O(jiān)ver three weeke nds of hard work, Sally turned her desig n into a real, work ing go-kart andpain ted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad.“ Well, ” she said

25、. “ Now I know why you wanme to have a test drive.”“ Oh, do you? ” he said. “ Please share. ”“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. I think it s because oflightning bolt （閃電）shape. ”Very good!Didd s“ So, why did nt you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked.

26、Dad laughed.“ Where s the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, hell eat for a day. But iteach a man to fish, hell eat for a lifetime.”Sally said, I see. Any way, desig ning is half the fun !”Dad smiled. “ Good. Sometimes, lear ning happe ns duri ng the process lear n how to do something right by d

27、oing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.That en couraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he no dded with pride.Finally came the race. Sally wasn t worried about whether she viioihielrwiTiind, shehad already won, by buildi ng someth ing bette

28、r tha n ever before.答案：24 26 BAD24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to .A. practice drivi ngB. en ter for a raceC. play with friendsD. do some research解析：由第一段第二句可知答案。25. What did Sallys dad ask her to do after she builtkaetgoA. To have a test drive.B. To take a good rest.C. To give it a cool n a

29、me.D. To paint it light blue.解析：由第四段的第一、二句可知答案。26. Sally s story mainly tells us that .A. wi nning a race is importa ntB. fishing brings us a lot of funC. driv ing experie nee is n ecessaryD. lear ning happe ns duri ng the process解析：通讀全文可推知，Sally在制作go-kart的過程中學(xué)到了很多東西，故選D。CSometimes it seems that tim

30、e is flying. Perhaps it doesn t need to feel this way. Ourexperience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological（ 心理學(xué)的） processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to sl

31、ow down when we接re exposed!觸）to new environments and experie nces. The law is caused by the relati on ship betwee n our experie nce of time and the amount of in formati on our minds process. The more in formati on our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.It follows, then, that we have differ

32、ent experiences of time in different situations. In some situati ons, our life is full of new experie nces. Our minds process a lot of in formati on and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar（熟悉的）.We become i

33、nsensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.How can we slow dow n time? Here are two suggesti ons.Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experie nces as possible. We can give ourselv

34、es new challe nges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new in formatio n, hobbies and skills. This will in crease the amount of information our minds process and expand（增力口 ） our experience of time.Secon dly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole atte nti on to an experie nce-to

35、what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather tha n through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your atte nti on outside ofyourself, in stead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildi

36、ngs you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more in formatio n and also has a time-expa nding effect.To a certa in degree, we can un dersta nd and con trol our experie nee of time pass in g. It possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experienee

37、 of time.答案：2729 BCA27. Accord ing to the writer, we can expa nd our experie nee of time by A. going to bed on timeB. traveli ng to new placesC. hav ing dinner as usualD. prin ti ng the same materials解析：由第三段后以及由第五段尤其是其的第一句可推知，我們可以通過去新的地方旅行 來增加我們對時間的體驗。28. What can we lear n from the passage?A. Being

38、 familiar with the world around helps us get more information.B. Un dersta nding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.C. We can take in more in formati on by livi ng through our sen ses.D. We should build a stro nger relati on ship betwee n time and us.解析：由第三段的后兩句和第一段最后一句可推知，A、B這兩個選項與文意不符

39、。通讀全文可推知，D項文中并未提及。由倒數(shù)第二段尤其是其最后一句可推知B項正確。29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Slow Dow n TimeC. Race Aga inst TimeB. Only Time Will TellD. Time Will Not Comc Twice解析：通讀全文可推知，文章 要是關(guān)于“讓時間變慢”的。How Much Can We Afford to Forget?In 2018, Science magaz ine asked some young s

40、cie ntists what schools should teach stude nts. Most said stude nts should spe nd less time memoriz ing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access（獲得）knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their

41、heads?Civilizations（ 文明）develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural（ 農(nóng)業(yè)的）Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies in dustrialized, the kno wledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart mach ines give us access to most h

42、uma n kno wledge. It seems that we no Ion ger n eed to remember most thin gs. Does it matter?Researchers have recog ni zed several problems that may happe n. For one, huma n beings have biases（偏見）,and smart mach ines are likely to in crease our biases. Many people believe smart mach ines are n ecess

43、arily correct and objective, but mach ines are trained through a repeated test ing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.Ano ther problem relates to the ease of access ing in formati on. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowle

44、dge from other people, or go to the library. We know what kno wledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.In a new ci

45、vilization rich in machine intelligenee, we have easy access to smart memory n etworks where in formatio n is stored. But depe ndency on a n etwork suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being（ 健康） depe nds upon, such as food and en e

46、rgy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hun gry; without en ergy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of kno wledge

47、are stored somewhere in our n etworks, and can be found whe n we n eed them, perhaps they re not really forgotte n. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unq uesti on ably become stra ngers to future people.答案：3033 BCAD30. Why are smart mach ines likely to in crease our biases?A. Because they go

48、off course in testing and scoring.B. Because we con trol the training process on them.C. Because we offer them too much in formati on.D. Because they overuse the provided an swers.解析：由第二段后兩句可推知，通過重復(fù)的測試和挑選過程，智能機器被訓(xùn)練，而在這個 過程當(dāng)中，人類依然決定著什么會是正確答案，因此，當(dāng)我們通過智能機器獲取知識時， 機受這些“由人類決定的正確答案”的影響，偏見就有可能會增多。31. The ea

49、se of access ing in formatio n from the Internet.A. frees us from making efforts to learn new skillsB. preve nts civilizatio ns from being lost at a high speedC. misleads us into thinking we already knew the kno wledgeD. separates the facts we have from those in the smart mach ines解析：由第四段后兩句可推知，通過互聯(lián)

50、網(wǎng)知曉信息的便利會誤導(dǎo)我們認(rèn)為我們找到的信 息就是我們一直以來都知道的信息的一部分。32. The word collapse in Paragraph 5 probably means ”.A. a sudde n failureB. the basic ruleC. a disappo in ti ng startD. the gradual developme nt解析：結(jié)合畫線詞所在句以及其上一句可推知，此處指我們健康所依靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的任何一 個突然崩潰或垮掉了，都會產(chǎn)生很糟糕的后果。collapse意為“崩潰；垮掉”。33. What is the writer s main purp

51、ose in writing this passage?A. To questi on about the sta ndards of in formati on storage.B. To discuss our problems of com muni cati on with mach in es.C. To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.D. To remind us of the risk of depe nding on mach ines to remember. 解析：通讀全文可知，作者主要講

52、的是用機器記信息可能會產(chǎn)生的不良影響或后果，故 項符合題意。四、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。（共10分，每小題2分）Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than ExpectedIce covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）.Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving isla nds. As temperatures have in creased, however, some of the ice has begu n to disappear. Scientists h

53、ave discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters.The waves were discovered by accide nt in May, 2010. Scie ntist Aleksey Marche nko and his stude nts set out on a trip. They wan ted to study the icy waters.On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped n ext to a large chu nk of ice around 50 miles f

54、rom the small isla nd of Hope n. Marche nko prepared to lead his stude nts out onto the ice.“ We were ready to go but whe n I went out, I discovered many cracks（裂縫）around, ” he remembers.He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder th

55、e ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experie need small waves, and the n bigger on es. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousa nds of smaller pieces.With in an hour, Marche nko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship n avigati on（航行

56、）system fin ally recorded the largest waves. They were more tha n 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and dow n, break ing the ice into smaller pieces with in just one hour. Scien tists had n ever imagi ned that the process could happe n so fast

57、. The waves in these areas used to be small.The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in adva nee whe n they are coming. That could be dan gerous for n avigators and local com mun ities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depe nd on sea ice to live is also in dan ger.Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger wav