高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)：《名詞性從句》

1、grammar focus: the attributive clause his job is important. what he does is important. this is his job. this is what he does every day. i dont like his job. i dont like what he does every day. i dont know about the man, mr. white. i dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. noun clauses (名詞性從句名

2、詞性從句) subject clause (主語從句主語從句) appositive clause （同位語從句）（同位語從句） object clause （賓語從句）（賓語從句） predicative clause （表語從句）（表語從句） 找出各句中的從句并指出是何種從句。找出各句中的從句并指出是何種從句。 1. i dont know if i can do it. 2. what he is doing seems very difficult. 3. the important thing is how we can improve our studies. 4. mr li a

3、lways thinks of how he can do more for the people. 5. the news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered from one to another. 主語從句主語從句 賓語從句賓語從句 表語從句表語從句 同位語從句同位語從句 賓語從句賓語從句 二、時態(tài)二、時態(tài) 1. 1. 如果如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài) （包括一般現(xiàn)在時（包括一般現(xiàn)在時 ， 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根從句的時態(tài)可根 據(jù)據(jù) 實際情況而定實際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時

4、，一般過去時，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時 ，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）。，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）。 vi know he - here.(live) vi know he- here ten years ago.(live) vi have heard that he - tomorrow.(come) lives lived will come 2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時， 過去進(jìn)行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用過去進(jìn)行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用 相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去 時，過去進(jìn)行時

5、，過去將來時，時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時， 過去完成過去完成 時）時） i knew who _ here.(live) i saw she _her mother. (talk) he asked whether his father _ tomorrow. (come back) he said that he _it .(see) lived was talking with would come back had seen 3.3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公 理，定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。理，定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。 三、語序三、語序 從句的語序用從句的語序用陳述語序陳

6、述語序：連：連 接詞接詞+ +主語主語+ +謂語謂語+ +其他成分。其他成分。 1. when will he go to the library? 1 his brother asks when he will go to the library . 2 his brother asks when will he go to the library . 2. what does he want to buy ? 1 i dont know what he wants to buy . 2 i dont know what does he want to buy . 1.i dont know

7、 what is the matter the troublewrong with him. 2 .i dont know who did it. 3. i dont know who is he conjunctions of noun clausesconjunctions of noun clauses( (引導(dǎo)名詞性從句引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的關(guān)聯(lián)詞): : 從屬連詞從屬連詞 (不作成分）不作成分） 連接代詞連接代詞 （作成分）（作成分） 連接副詞連接副詞 （作狀語）（作狀語） what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever that, whether,

8、 if ,as if/as though when, where, how, why 1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.we should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 4.he told us _ he felt ill. 5.the result is _ we won the game. what that what that that 6.this is _ we want to know. 7. i have no idea _ he d

9、id that afternoon. 8.the fact_ she works hard is well known to us all. what what that 1.that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只 起連接作用起連接作用。 2. what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句 中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或 表語。表語。 rules 例例1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. a. what; what b. what; that c

10、. that; that d. that; what 例例2. no one can be sure _ in a million years. a. what man will look like b. what will man look like c. man will look like what d. what look will man like 1.whether it is true remains a problem. 2.it remains a problem whether/if it is true. 3. he asked whether/if mary would

11、 attend the ceremony. 4.it depends on whether we have got enough money. 5.the question is whether you should accept it. 1.在由形式主語在由形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句及在引導(dǎo)的主語從句及在vt動詞后面動詞后面 的賓語從句中，表的賓語從句中，表“是否是否”， whether/if 都可以都可以 用；用； 2.在前置主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和跟在前置主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和跟 在介詞后面的賓語從句中，表在介詞后面的賓語從句中，表“是否是否”， 只能用只能用 whet

12、her； 3.在在whether or not 和和whether to do 中中whether 不能換成不能換成if rules 6.the question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 7.i didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 8.i dont know whether/if it is right or not. practice time if / whether 1. i asked her _ she had a bike. 2. i dont know _ he is w

13、ell or not. 3._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 4.it hasnt been decided_we shall attend the meeting. whether/ if whether whether whether / if 5.were worried about _ he is safe. 6. the question is _ he should do it. 7.the doctor can hardly answer the question _ t

14、he old man will recover soon. 8. i dont know _ to go or to stay at home. whether whether whether whether 1. 跟在某些名詞后面，對該名詞作進(jìn)一跟在某些名詞后面，對該名詞作進(jìn)一 步解釋說明。步解釋說明。 常用名詞有常用名詞有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。等。suggestion, suggest order demand wish等等 2. 常用連詞：常用連詞：tha

15、t; when, where, why, how 。 3.同位語從句多用同位語從句多用that 引導(dǎo)，無意義，不可引導(dǎo)，無意義，不可 省。省。 e.g. 1.消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊。消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊。 word came word came thatthat napoleon would napoleon would come and inspect his grand e and inspect his grand army. 2.問題是他如何做這件事的。問題是他如何做這件事的。 its the question how he did it. 4.在在have no

16、 idea之后用之后用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句引導(dǎo)同位語從句 i have no idea where he has gone. i have no idea when he did it. i have no idea what he did. tell the difference 1.the news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.the news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming. apposi

17、tive attributive 3.the suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.the suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical. appositive attributive 判斷判斷:定語從句定語從句or同位語從句同位語從句 1.the order that we should send a few people to help t

18、he other groups was received yesterday. 2.the order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.the news that he will leave for shanghai is true. 4.the news that we got last week is true. 5.the question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one. (

19、定語從句定語從句) (同位語從句同位語從句) (同位語從句同位語從句)(定語從句定語從句) (定語從句定語從句) 主語從句主語從句 主語從句有時用主語從句有時用“it”作形式主語，把作形式主語，把 真正的主語放在后面，以避免頭重腳真正的主語放在后面，以避免頭重腳 輕。輕。 it is known to us that he will come here. it + be + 形容詞形容詞 that從句從句 it is necessary that 有必要有必要 it is important that . 重要的是重要的是 it is obvious that 很明顯很明顯 it + be +

20、 -ed分詞分詞 that從句從句 it is believed that 人們相信人們相信 it is known to us/all that . 眾所周知眾所周知 it has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定已經(jīng)決定 用用it形式主語的形式主語的that從句有以下四種從句有以下四種 不同的搭配：不同的搭配： it + be + 名詞名詞 that從句從句 it is common knowledge that 是常識是常識 it is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是令人驚奇的是 it is a fact that 事實是事實是 it + 不及物動詞不及物動

21、詞 that從句從句 it appears that 似乎似乎 it happens that . 碰巧碰巧 it occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 賓語從句中用賓語從句中用it作形式賓語作形式賓語 (1) we think it our duty that we should help others. (2) i find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days. 注意：如果主句中有形容詞或注意：如果主句中有形容詞或 名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，一般用名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，一般用 itit來作形式賓語，把從句放在來作形式賓語，把從句放在 賓補(bǔ)后面。賓補(bǔ)后面。 考查考查it在名詞性從句中作形式在名詞性從句中作形式 主語或形式賓語的用法主語或形式賓語的用法 例例1. _ is a fact that english is bei