外研社版九年級英語課堂筆記 Module 1 Wonders of the world【精品資料】

1、外研社版九年級英語課堂筆記module 1 wonders of the world一詞語鏈接：1. wonder n.&v. - wonderful adj. - wonderfully adv. 2. ancient - modern, light - weak, below - above, bottom - top, clear - unclear (反義詞) 3. nature n. - natural adj. - naturally adv. 4. appear v. - appearance n.; disappear v. - disappearance n. attract

2、 v. - attraction n., describe v. - description n. locate v. - location n., see v. - sight n. 5. distance n. - distant adj. 6. high adj. / adv. - height n. 類同deep - depth, long - length, wide - width 7. call = (tele)phone, ring (up), reply = answer 1. reply與 answer reply既可作不及物動詞，又可作及物動詞，還可作名詞。作不及物動詞，

3、其意為“回答”，可用reply to sb. / sth. 表示“對做出回答”。作及物動詞時，其意為“回答，回答說”。作名詞時，意思為“答道，回信，答復(fù)”，后面跟介詞to。 例：1. she sighed, but didnt reply. 她嘆了口氣，沒有回答。(vi.) 2. he failed to reply to my question. 他沒能回答我的問題。(vi.) 3. what did he do in reply to your challenge? 你提出與他較量，他作何反應(yīng)? (n.)注：reply和answer的區(qū)別 兩個詞都表示“回答”的意思。但是answer比較常

4、用，如：answer a question / the door-bell / telephone, 而reply較正式，經(jīng)過思考，一一答復(fù)問題。除了后面可跟直接引語或賓語從句以外，一般只用作不及物動詞，和to連用。2. raise 與rise 兩個詞作為動詞最根本的區(qū)別是，rise是不及物動詞，而raise是及物動詞。使用時，rise后面不用跟賓語，而raise后面一定要有賓語。例：1. he raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂舉過頭頂。 2. if you want to ask a question, first raise your hand. 如

5、果你要問問題，請先舉手。3. we all raised our glasses and drank to each others health 我們都舉杯互祝健康。 4. the sun rose at seven oclock. 太陽七點鐘升起。 5. the river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水漲了。 6. she rose from her seat to welcome him 她站起來歡迎他。 7. early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. -ben

6、jamin franklin早睡早起使人健康，富有，睿智。當(dāng)然這兩個詞除了提高、升高、抬起等意思外都各自還有其它的用法。例raise 招募：to raise an army 養(yǎng)育、栽培：to raise a family 提出（一個問題）：to raise a question 建造、建立：to raise a memorial（紀(jì)念碑） 發(fā)出（什么聲響）：to raise a laugh, to raise the alarm 結(jié)束：to raise an embargo （解除禁運） etc. rise 起床、站起來：rise early to rise from table （餐畢）起立

7、離桌 發(fā)源于：the river rhine rises in switzerland rise還有晉升；頂嘴；（風(fēng)、風(fēng)暴）轉(zhuǎn)強等意3. more與another more 形容詞，“更多的，額外的，附加的”，或“還，再，另，又”；修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞；其前面還可用表數(shù)量的詞修飾。（表在一定基礎(chǔ)上的增加） 例：1. they need some more books. would you like some more tea? lets do it once more. do you want one more apple? (one more = another) 2. we need tw

8、o more hours to finish the job. = we need another two hours to finish the job. = we need two other hours to finish the job. another通常接單數(shù)名詞，“另一個-”；但其后可接基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。例：(1) would you like another one? (2) well have another two-day holiday (=two days holiday) (3) i need another few days (=a few more days) b

9、efore i finish this book.注：another + 數(shù)詞 + 名詞 或 數(shù)詞 + more + 名詞 表示“再/ 又”注意數(shù)詞與二者的位置4. else 與other else 有besides (除-之外), otherwise（不同的）, instead（代替為的）的意思, 后置定語/狀語例: 1. is there anything else that you need to add? = is there anything besides that you need to add? 有沒有任何其它除此之外還要補充的？ （也就是說else在這里有附屬的意思） 2.

10、is there anything else to that? = is there anything otherwise than that? 有沒有任何其它不同的? （也就是說else也起“不同的”所用的意思） 3. is there anything else from that? = is there anything instead of that? 有沒有任何其它替代哪個的？ （證明了else也有“代替為的意思”） 4. what else do you want to say? (adj.) where else would you like to go? (adv.)other

11、 有除了的成分可理解為in addition （另外的) 前置定語例： are there any other things there? = is there anything in addition to that there? 總體來說 else 有比較多一點替代的成分，other 只是說另外的/更多的。 else作形容詞時，通常放在疑問代詞what, who或anything , something, nothing, nobody等不定代詞后； else作副詞時，通常放在疑問副詞when, where或anywhere等不定副詞之后。other作形容詞，通常放在被修飾的名詞之前; o

12、ther還可作代詞。例：a. 1. what else can i do for you? is there anybody else in the room? (adj. 修飾疑問或不定代詞)2. when else can i come? would you like to go somewhere else? (adv. 修飾疑問或不定代詞)b. please come some other day. 請改日再來。do you want any other colours?5. arrive (in / at), get (to) 與reach arrive vi. (不及物動詞)，表示

13、到某地時(名詞)，后面接介詞in(大地方)或at(小地方)。get vi. (不及物動詞), 表示到某地時(名詞)，后面接介詞to。但地方如為home, here. there副詞時，上述兩個動詞都不用介詞。 例：1. he has arrived in beijing. they arrived at the small village last night. tom has arrived here. 2. i got to beijing two days ago. has he got home?reach vt. (及物動詞)，后面直接接地點名詞；vi. (不及物動詞)，后面直接接h

14、ome, here, there等地點副詞。 例：they have reached beijing. lilei reached home late last night. 注意：單獨使用時常用arrive, 而不用其它兩個詞。例：they had left when i arrived.6. big, large, great 與huge big通常指具體事物的大小，如容積、體積、重量、程度等，是一個很常用的詞，多用于口語中。有時含有“重要”的意思。因此可以用big來修飾problem，但不能用large. a big person 不用large例：is there a big tree

15、 beside the house? a big boy robbed him of his bike. on the last day i made a big decision.large側(cè)重表示三維量值，強調(diào)體積; 側(cè)重于面積、范圍、容量、數(shù)量、能力等方面的大，常與big 互用，但不如big口語化。例：they say china is a large and beautiful country. great常修飾抽象的、無形的東西，表示精神上、程度上的大；用在具體名詞前，表示異乎尋常的大，給人留下深刻的印象，其詞義常有一定的感情色彩。例：youre great! 你真行！ edison

16、 was a great scientist. 愛迪生是位偉大的科學(xué)家。 recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a channel tunnel (英吉利海峽海底隧道).huge用于具體事物或人時, 指“體積或數(shù)量大得超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/一般情況”; 用于抽象事物時, 作“巨大的”、“無限的”解。有“very large”的意思。例：there is a huge building near the river. there is a huge stone in the way.7. above, over, below

17、 與under above, over都可表示“在 之上”。above一般表示“在上面，高于”，不一定垂直； over表示在正上方, 強調(diào)垂直在 之上。below, under皆可表示“在 之下”。below表示非垂直并不與表面接觸的下方；under表示垂直并不與表面接觸的下方。例：write your name above / below the line在線的上/下面寫上你的名字。 the cat was under the table there is a bridge over the river.注意：beneath 表示“在的下面”的意思時，相當(dāng)于below，尤其相當(dāng)于under。

18、但這是舊用法或文學(xué)用語，現(xiàn)在很少用。例：children are playing beneath the window孩子們在窗子下面游戲總結(jié)：above（在上）與below（在下）在意義上是相對的，相同點是，兩者都表示物體位置上或下不垂直的關(guān)系； over（在上）與under（在下）在意義上是相對的，相同點是，兩者都表示物體位置上或下垂直的關(guān)系。 8. scene、scenery、sight和viewscene指展現(xiàn)在眼前的情景，也可指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活動在內(nèi)。例：the scene after the earthquake was horrible.地震后的場景

19、十分可怕。the lantern slides show scene of the beach.幻燈片顯示出海灘的景色。scenery指某地總的自然風(fēng)景或景色，尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色。例：the scenery as one travels by boat along the changjiang three gorges(三峽)is marvelous(美妙).sight則既可以指場景、眼前看到的景觀，又可以指名勝、風(fēng)景，只是在表示后者的含義時，必須要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：a sad sight悲慘的場景see the historical sights of london游覽倫敦的名勝古跡。它與view

20、或者scenery最大的不同就在于當(dāng)sight指景物時，多指某的特有的名勝。例：we will go and see the sights of new york. 我們要去看看紐約的名勝。 the imperial palace is one of the sights of china. 故宮是中國名勝之一。view常指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處看到的scenery的一部分，有時可與scene互換。例：the mountain hotel offered magnificent (壯麗的) views. it has a fantastic view of pudong district and the

21、 centre of shanghai. 近義詞-view, scenery, scene, sightview -“景色”。普遍用語。指目中所望見的景色。scenery -“景色”,“外景”。指一個地方乃至一個國家的整個外景或外貌。scene -“景色”?？膳cview通用，但多包括了其中的人及其活動。sight -“光景”。多指人工的事物，比如大建筑史跡等有名的處所。例: 1. there is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel 從我們旅館的窗口可以看到秀麗的山景。 it was our first view of the ocean. 這

22、是我們第一次看見海洋。 2. the scenery of this country is unparalleled. 這個國家的風(fēng)景無與倫比。 the train moved slowly south through flat, drab mainline scenery (干線兩側(cè)風(fēng)景單調(diào)乏味). 3. the boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene. 港中的船只構(gòu)成美麗的景色。 the scene of sunset was very beautiful. 日落的景色是非常美的。 4. we will go and see the sigh

23、ts of new york. 我們要去看看紐約的名勝。 the imperial palace is one of the sights of china. 故宮是中國名勝之一。sight指“景色”是可數(shù)名詞時，往往指眼見的景色，如供人游覽的“景”和“名勝”，但尤指人工制成 的景。one of the beautiful sights is the castle.那城堡是美景中的一個。 scenery是個不可數(shù)名詞，含不管是否映入眼簾的風(fēng)景。the road passes through the most charming scenery.這條大路穿過極為迷人的風(fēng)景區(qū)。 view和scene

24、所表達(dá)的景色都是scenery中的一部分，往往指自然景色。do you enjoy the ten famous views of the west lake?你喜歡西湖十景嗎？there is a lovely view from this window .從這個窗子可以看到一片秀麗的景色。there is a happy scene of children playing in the garden. scene還可指舞臺的場景9. each和every each不定代詞，形容詞，副詞。不定代詞：作主語，賓語或同位語（單獨使用或接of-結(jié)構(gòu)）each of us has got somet

25、hing to say on the subject. (主語)he gave two to each (of them). (賓語)horses each have four legs. (同位語) (句子謂語動詞決定于前面的詞的人稱或數(shù))形容詞：作定語：each month well have a test. 副詞： 作狀語：give them three apples each. we received an invitation each. （單獨使用）every 形容詞，只作定語。every morning i read english a lot. 二者作定語的區(qū)別： each 指

26、的范圍是兩個或多個，強調(diào)個體。every指的范圍是三個或多個，強調(diào)全部。 1. i told each student to come. i told every student to come. (= i told all the students to come.) 2. there are trees on each side of the river. (each side = either side = both sides) 3. there is a chair in each / every corner of the room. 10. tall 和high 說人，動物，樹木

27、等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high。 a tall woman , a tall horse 說一個不與地面接觸的人和物的高時，要用high，而不用tall。 he is high up in the tree. the plane is so high in the sky. 指建筑物、山時要tall或high都可以，不過high的程度比tall高。 high可作副詞，tall不能。 tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.二短語：1. listen up _ 2. get out of _ - get into- 3. on the edge of _ 4. a

28、t the bottom of _5. wonders of the world _ 6. think of _ 7. have a meeting _ 8. school magazine _9. write down _ 10. write a diary of-_ 11. do some reviews about sth. _12. do an interview with sb. _ 13. suggest doing sth. _ 14. would like to do sth._ 15. natural world _ 16. go the right way _ 17. lo

29、ok over sb./sth. _ 18. too-to do-_19. fall away _ 20. look down to sb./sth._ - look down at sb. _21. look across _ 22. the other side of-_23. look to the right/left_ 24. not - but -_ 25. reply to sb._ 26. go down _=sink 27. be afraid of (doing) sth. _ 28. have a view of _29. in the past _ 30. a (gre

30、at) number of- _ 31. be away from _32. look forward to (doing) sth. _ 33. thousands of _ 34. all kinds of_ 35. as - as possible_36. be able to-_ 37. because of (doing) sth. _ 38. a huge piece of _(形狀詞放在piece前)【be located in-_】1. not - but -表選擇關(guān)系，“不是-而是-”，連接詞性相同的并列成分；連接主語時遵循就近規(guī)則。 例：his father is not

31、a doctor but a teacher. not they but mr. zhang has helped me a lot. 2. too - to do- 是英語中常用的一種句型，通常不定式表否定意義，“太-而不能-” 例：the boy is too short to reach the apple on the tree. (句子主語與不定式呈主動關(guān)系) the room is too small for us to live in. (句子主語與不定式呈被動關(guān)系) too - to do- 結(jié)構(gòu)常可改為 so - that-或not- enough to do-結(jié)構(gòu)。 the

32、 boy is so short that he cant reach the apple on the tree. the boy is not tall enough to reach the apple on the tree.注意：1. too - to do-句型與only連用，或中間用表意義順承的詞時，too意為“非常的”，不定式不表否定。 例：i will be only too happy to help you. jim was too excited to meet his old friends in the street. 2. sb. / sth. is not to

33、o +形容詞+to do- 表示“不是太-，而能做某事”。 例：the book is not too hard to read. its never too late to mend the fence. never too late to learn. 3. a (great / large) number of - 表“很多”只修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 the number of - 表“- 的數(shù)目/數(shù)量/數(shù)字”, 作主語時謂語用單數(shù)形式。 例： there are a large number of people there. the number of studen

34、ts absent (缺勤的) is five. 4. as - as結(jié)構(gòu)中間常用形容詞或副詞的原級形式 當(dāng)as - as one can/could = as - as possible “盡可能的/地”中間常置副詞的原級形式。 come here as quickly as possible. = come here as quickly as you can. 當(dāng)as - as結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞是表示數(shù)量的many, much, few, little等詞時，可在該形容詞后加名詞，達(dá)到間接修飾名詞的作用。 read as many books as you can. take as much

35、 food as you can.5. “in + 一段時間”如果表示“-之后”， 常用將來時； 針對其的疑問詞是how soon。 - how soon will jim be back? - he will be back in an hour. “in + 一段時間”如果表示“-之內(nèi)”， 可用任一時態(tài)。 kate worked out the maths problem in five minutes. after + 時間段 / 時間段+later表示“在之后”，常用于過去時句子, 提問時用whenjane will be back in a month. he left there

36、two weeks later. he left there after two weeks.6. because 后接句子 they put off the meeting because the weather was too bad. you only do it because you have to. because of后接詞或短語（名詞/代詞/動名詞）they put off the meeting because of the bad weather. jim was anxious because of being late. 三重點句式：1. thats news to m

37、e!2. she started a school magazine called new standard when she was a pupil here. (分詞短語作后置定語)3. any more ideas? (= do you have any more ideas?)4. how / what about (doing) sth. ?5. yes, some ideas on how to get good grades! (on = about)6. anyone else? (定語后置)7. i got out of the car, went through a gat

38、e and walked along a path. 8. i knew it was there, but there was nothing to see. (不定時作定語后置)9. youll get there in five minutes . “in + 一段時間”如果表示“-之后”， 常用將來時； 針對其的疑問詞是how soon。 - how soon will jim be back? - he will be back in an hour. “in + 一段時間”如果表示“-之內(nèi)”， 可用任一時態(tài)。 kate worked out the maths problem in

39、 five minutes. 10. i looked over them, but it was still too dark to see anything. 11. the sun rose behind me and beyond the rocks.12. i saw that the ground fell away and down to a river, far below me. 13. i looked down to the colorado river about 2 kilometres below me. (介詞短語作后置定語)14. if you put the

40、three tallest buildings in the world at the bottom of the canyon, they still wont reach the top.15. then i looked across to the other side of the canyon.16. i looked to my left and to my right, and on both sides the canyon disappeared into the distance- .17. i was a little nervous as we were waiting

41、 for the lift to the top. (as = when / while)18. well spend as much time as possible there. (注意as - as結(jié)構(gòu)中間常用形容詞或副詞的原級形式) 當(dāng)as - as one can/could = as - as possible “盡可能的/地”中間常置副詞的原級形式。 come here as quickly as possible. = come here as quickly as you can. 當(dāng)as - as結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞是表示數(shù)量的many, much, few, little等詞時

42、，可在該形容詞后加名詞，達(dá)到間接修飾名詞的作用。 read as many books as you can. take as much food as you can.19. well be able to see some of the important treasures coming out of the valley of the kings.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語后置定語，表主動關(guān)系)20. its a wonder also because of this question: how did people move these huge pieces of stone from so

43、far?21. its not “how deep is it?” or “how wide is it?” or “how long is it?” but “is the grand canyon the greatest wonder anywhere in the natural world? not - but - 表選擇關(guān)系，“不是-而是-”，連接詞性相同的并列成分；連接主語時遵循就近規(guī)則。 例：his father is not a doctor but a teacher. not they but mr. zhang has helped me a lot.四語法點滴：時態(tài)復(fù)

44、習(xí)五常識：1. describing places and experiences 2. 計量長、寬、高、深（度）的表達(dá)： 表“多長(高、寬、深)”等概念時，英語常以“數(shù)字+單位詞+(長、寬等)形容詞”形式表達(dá)。例：1. the boat is 6 feet (英尺) long, 3 feet wide. 2. this building is 90 metres high / tall. 針對“多長(寬、高、深)等”提問時，用how + long / wide / high / deep - ? 例：- how high is the mountain? - its 554 metres h

45、igh.說明：問距離多遠(yuǎn)時用how far, 而答語常用“數(shù)字+單位詞+away-”的形式，而不用far。 例：- how far is the shop from your home? its 345 metres away (from my home)./ - its ten minutes walk / ride (etc.)= its ten minutes on foot / by bike (etc.). - its far away from my school.注意：1). 表示“長、寬、高、深”等概念時，還可用 “數(shù)字 + 單位詞 + in + length, width,

46、height, depth（名詞形式）”表達(dá)。例：1. the snow is two feet in depth. = the snow is two feet deep. 2. the room is 12 feet in width. = the room is 12 feet wide.針對“多長(寬、高、深)等”提問時，還可用whats ones length/width/depth/height?形式例：whats his height? - its 2 metres. (后面不加形容詞) the height of the tower is 30 feet. 2). “數(shù)字 單數(shù)

47、單位詞 形容詞”形式的復(fù)合形容詞，可用于修飾名詞。例：1. its an eight metre deep well (井). 2. thats a five foot wide road. 附加語法內(nèi)容： 動詞的時態(tài) 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是句子的兩個基本屬性，如同車的左右輪子，兩者互為依存、互為融合，缺一不可。即沒有不含語態(tài)的時態(tài)句，也沒有不含時態(tài)的語態(tài)句。時態(tài)是“以動詞的適當(dāng)形式體現(xiàn)謂語發(fā)生的時間及與事件的關(guān)系”，語態(tài)說明的是主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。時態(tài)（tense of verb）英語中，在不同的時間前提下以不同的方式發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，要用動詞的不同形式表達(dá)出來。動詞的這種不同表達(dá)形

48、式就是動詞的時態(tài)。 a.一般現(xiàn)在時（the present indefinite tense）一 概念理解：表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)和普遍現(xiàn)象、常識或客觀真理。二 基本用法：1. 現(xiàn)在、當(dāng)前存在的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或習(xí)慣。常與always, usually, often ,sometimes, seldom, never , every week, twice a week等連用例：1、what do you usually do at night? 2、does kate have lunch at school every day?3、lilei doesnt do hi

49、s homework at school 4、-how often do you write to him?-twice a month 5、english and french are spoken in canada.2. 根據(jù)規(guī)定或時間安排將要發(fā)生的動作，常用come ,go ,move, leave ,arrive ,start等例：1. the meeting starts at 8:15. 2. the plane arrives at 4:30,doesnt it?3. 在時間或條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時（即“主將從現(xiàn)”）例：1. tell him about it

50、as soon as he comes back. 2. i will go to the park if it doesnt rain next sunday4. 表示客觀事實或普遍真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時例：1. light travels much faster than sound 2. two and five is seven注意：1.行為動詞作謂語，主語是單數(shù)第三人稱時，動詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式：行為動詞單數(shù)第三人稱構(gòu)成和讀音規(guī)則：*have-has情況構(gòu)成方式讀音例詞一般情況加-s清/s/，元/濁/z/helps ,makes ,rides ,knows以o/s/x/ ch/ sh結(jié)尾

51、加-es-es讀/iz/does, fixes, watches, washes以ce /se結(jié)尾加-s讀/iz/dances, closes元音字母+y結(jié)尾加-s讀/z/plays, stays輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i，加-es讀/z/carries , hurries2.行為動詞作謂語的一般現(xiàn)在時的句型變化須借助于助動詞do, dont/does, doesnt ,句中行為動詞用原形b.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（the present continuous tense）一構(gòu)成形式：助動詞am/ is/ are + v - ing（現(xiàn)在分詞）二基本用法：1.表說話時或當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或一直在進(jìn)行的動

52、作，常與look, listen, be quiet/ careful, look out(句首), now , right now ,these days ,at the / this moment ,this week ,at present(目前),at the time等連用。例：1 look! what are they doing? 2. im not working these days.3. -are they running all the time? -yes , they are. 4. be quiet ! the baby is sleeping.2.按計劃或安排將發(fā)

53、生的動作，常用arrive ,go, come, do, begin, start, leave, drive, stay ,fly, return ,take, see off (送行),get to ,take off (起飛)等表位置移動的動詞常用進(jìn)行時表將來（常帶必要的“將來”時間）例：1. how are you getting to the airport? 2. the whole family is leaving for shanghai soon.3. they are flying to guangzhou before long (不久以后). 3.與always , forever ,again, all the time.等詞語連用可表反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常含說話人的思想感情例：1. he is always coming late. (厭惡/責(zé)備) 2. lilei is always helping others (贊賞) 注意：1.表示存在、感情或感官動詞常不用進(jìn)行時 2動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則變化：變化規(guī)則動詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞一般詞尾加- inghelphelping以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的，去e再加-ingwritewriting以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，先雙寫末尾輔音字母，再加-ingrunbe