高中英語語法：被動語態(tài)-講解與練習(xí)

1、高中語法：被動語態(tài) . 含義與構(gòu)成1. 被動語態(tài)表示句中的主語接受謂語動作，也就是說，主語是謂語動作的承受者。謂語動詞用作被動語態(tài)的句子叫做被動句。2. 構(gòu)成： be + 過去分詞（ be 有時可用 become 或 get 代替） Be 隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。3. 被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式有： 一般時態(tài)： be + 過去分詞現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來is/ am/ are donewas/ were donewill/ shall be donewould/shouldbedoneEnglish is spoken in many countries.Romeo and Jul

2、iet was written by Shakespeare.Many believe that one day the earth will be destroyed if people do not learn to livein peace.進(jìn)行時態(tài)： be + being + 過去分詞現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來is/ am/ arewas/ werewill/ shall bewould/shouldbebeing donebeing donebeing donebeing doneHis plan is being carried out successfully.The new curt

3、ains were being hung when the visitors showed up.The car will be being cleaned by my brother. 完成時態(tài)： have + been + 過去分詞現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來have/ has beenhad been donewill/ shall havewould/shouldhavedonebeen donebeen doneIve been robbed.The outcome of the election was announced before all of the votes had been

4、counted.Everything will have been done by the end of this month.【練一練】1. (2010 湖南 ) This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.A. was namedB. namedC. is namedD. names2. (2010 全國 1) The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_.A. is madeB. would makeC. was

5、 to be madeD. hadmade3. (2010 上海 ) The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work isalmost finished.A. has restoredC. is restoringB. has been restoredD. is being restored4.(2010 北京 ) In the spoken English of some areas in the US, thewords _.A.are droppedB. dropC. are beingdropped“

6、r ” sounds at the end of thD. havedropped5. (2010 陜西 ) It is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area.A. are being builtB. were being builtC. was being builtD. is being built6.(2010 福建 ) Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobsthey _ before th

7、ey leaving their hometowns.A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised7. (2010 天津 ) Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the cultureshow of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.A. are exhibitingB. is exhibitingC. are being exhibitingD. is being exhibiting8.(2010 四川 )

8、 You ve failed to do what you _ to and I m afraid the teacher willblame you.A. willexpectB. willbe expectedC. expectedD. wereexpected.用法1.要用到被動語態(tài)的情況1） 強調(diào)動作的承受者：Frank was hit by a car.A new idea has been suggested.2） 說話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者，或者認(rèn)為沒有必要指出：This bridge was built in 1700.The house is being repaired.3）

9、 說話者希望所說的內(nèi)容顯得更加客觀，避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表態(tài)：此類通常為表示 據(jù)說 或 相信 的詞組，基本上由believe, consider, declare,expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成，如： It is said that據(jù)說；It is reported that據(jù) 報道；It is believed that 大家相信；It is hopedthat大家希望；It is well known that眾所 周知It is said that Japans industrial pr

10、ogress after the war was very remarkable.4） 在文章標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞中Waitress wanted.Millions of pounds worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.2. 感官動詞主動語態(tài)的賓語補足語是不帶 to 的不定式， 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時， 該不定式前要加 to ：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.- I was made to go o

11、ut of the classroom（ by the teacher） .We saw him play football on the playground.- He was seen to play football on the playground.3.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞，Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.煤可以產(chǎn)生工農(nóng)業(yè)需要的電。4. 短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如：My sister will be take

12、n care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before.5. 主動形式表被動意義1） 系動詞 look. Sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, seem+ adj. / n.構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu) :The steel feels cold.His plan proved (to be) practical.2） 表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut等：Work bega

13、n at 7oclock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.3） 表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞，如read, write, act, iron, cut, drive, sell, wash,clean 等。這類動詞一般不單獨使用，常有一個修飾語：This coat dries/ washes/ irons easily.The book sells well.This novel reads well. .4） blame, let （出租） , remain, keep, rent, build 等 :I was to bla

14、me for the accident.Much work remains.5） 在 need, require, want, worth（形容詞） , deserve + V-ing 表示被動：The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired.This book is worth reading.6） 介詞 in, on, under+ n. 構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動：Under control 受控制 ; under treatment 在治療中 ; under repair 在修理中； under discussion 在討論中

15、； in print 在印刷中； on sale 出售； on show 展出 The rumor is beyond belief. (= can tbe believed)Today some treasures are on show (= are being shown) in the museum.【練一練】翻譯下列句子：9. 這道菜嘗起來很香。10. 這門鎖不上。11. 這刀子很好用。12. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。13. 這個問題正在討論之中。6. 不用被動語態(tài)的情況：1）不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語，如 appear, die disappear, end（ vi. 結(jié)束）, fail,

16、 happen,last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, loseheart, take place 等沒有無被動語態(tài)。After the fire, very little remained of my house.【試比較】 rise, fall, happen 是不及物動詞；raise, seat 是及物動詞。（錯）The price has been risen.（對）The price has risen.（錯）The accident was hap

17、pened last week.（對）The accident happened last week.（錯）The price has raised.（對）The price has been raised.（錯）Please seat.（對）Please be seated.2）不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語，如 cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in,fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, shake hands with, succeed in, sufferfrom, happen to, tak

18、e part in, walk into, belong to等：例： This key just fits the lock.這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。3） 系動詞無被動語態(tài)，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain,seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn：例： It sounds good. 聽上去不錯。 . Exercises1. I should be very much like to have gone to the party, but I _.A. am not in

19、vitedB. am not being invitedC. shall not be invitedD. was not invited2. -How are things going?- The disabled _ no relatives in Guangzhou _ by the volunteers, who will graduate from Zhongshan University next year.A. with; are taking care ofB. have; will be taken care ofC. with; are being taken care o

20、fD. have; are being taken care of3. The attackers were arrested and didntknow where they _.A. would take B. are taken C. were being taken takenD. will be4. People begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessarymeasures for preventing them _ in the past.A.are not takenB. were n

21、ot takenC. hadnt been takenD.wouldn tbe taken5. -My car _ twice this month.- I m sorry to hear that.A. has been broken inB. was broken inC. has been broken intoD. was broken into6. Our game of basketball _. We had been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain heavily.A. has interrupted

22、B. had interruptedC. was interruptedD. hadbeen interrupted7. The princess and the Frog is a fairy musical that _ the days when Walt Disney was a person, not a brand.A. was dated back toB. dates back toC. has been dating fromD. had dated from8. (2010 全國 2) Linda, make sure the tables _ before the gue

23、sts arrive.A. be setB. setC. are setD. are setting9. (2009 北京 ) The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of theservice.A.treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. wouldbetreated10. (2009 上海 ) During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _ not to touch any unattended bag.A. had always been warnedB. were always being warnedC. are always warningD. always warned11. (2009 福建 ) -Why does the lake smell terrible?-Because large quantities of water _.A. have pollutedB. is being pollutedC. has been pollutedD. h