設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證和生產(chǎn)確認(rèn)福特FORD

1、 Systems Engineering Fundamentals 系統(tǒng)工程基本原理 Parameter Design 參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) Tolerance Design 公差設(shè)計(jì) Global 8D 全球8D FMEA 失效模式后果與分析 Experimental Design 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) Reliability 可靠性 Applied Consumer Focus 應(yīng)用顧客的關(guān)注 DV in this case, FEAD belt tension. 測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析是驗(yàn)證用來(lái)測(cè)量過(guò)程的設(shè)備性能，在這里即 指FEAD皮帶張緊力 Process Capability is an assessment of

2、 the ability of the manufacturing process to produce product to its engineering specification. 過(guò)程能力是生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品符合其工程技術(shù)規(guī)范的產(chǎn)品的制造過(guò) 程能力的評(píng)估 FEAD Belt Tensioning FEAD皮帶張力調(diào)整皮帶張力調(diào)整 In adjusting the belt to the correct tension, a tensioning unit is placed on the FEAD. 要調(diào)整皮帶至正確的張緊力時(shí)，把張緊裝置放在FEAD上 For the FEAD shown h

3、ere, tensioning is accomplished by adjusting the position of an idler pulley using a jackscrew. 針對(duì)這里所示的FEAD，使用螺旋起重機(jī)通過(guò)調(diào)整惰輪的位置 來(lái)完成張力調(diào)整 FEAD Tensioning Operation FEAD張力調(diào)整操作張力調(diào)整操作 The team reviewed historical information on tensioning operations similar to the operation they were going to validate. 小組審核

4、了與他們即將確認(rèn)的操作相類(lèi)似的張緊操作的歷史信 息 They were particularly interested in a G8D study that had been conducted on a problem encountered during ongoing production. 他們尤其對(duì)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)中所遇問(wèn)題采取的G8D研究感興趣 Problem in Production 生產(chǎn)中的問(wèn)題生產(chǎn)中的問(wèn)題 The problem with the FEAD tensioning operation occurred despite the fact that Process Cap

5、ability had been achieved as a part of Production Validation after the machine had been installed. 盡管作為生產(chǎn)確認(rèn)的一部分，過(guò)程能力已經(jīng)達(dá)到， 在安裝機(jī)器后FEAD張力調(diào)整操作的問(wèn)題還是出現(xiàn)了 Representative Validation Method 典型確認(rèn)方法典型確認(rèn)方法 On reviewing the belt tensioning problem the team recognized the need to review the way in which Process Ca

6、pability of the FEAD belt tension was assessed. 評(píng)審皮帶張力調(diào)整問(wèn)題時(shí)，小組意識(shí)到需要審核FEAD皮帶張緊 力過(guò)程能力的評(píng)估方式 The team agreed that a Validation method should be devised that would be more representative of ongoing production. 小組同意應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)一種更具有現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)代表性的確認(rèn)方法。 Verification of Robustness 殷實(shí)可靠性的驗(yàn)證殷實(shí)可靠性的驗(yàn)證 Verification of Robustnes

7、s needs to be considered for the process as well as the product 對(duì)過(guò)程和產(chǎn)品都需要考慮殷實(shí)可靠性的驗(yàn)證。 Applying RED in Manufacturing 在制造應(yīng)用在制造應(yīng)用RED The same noise factor considerations apply 相同干擾因素考慮事項(xiàng)應(yīng)用 The same Noise Factor Management Strategies apply 相同干擾因素管理策略應(yīng)用 Each needs to be thought of a little differently to

8、RED for the product 對(duì)于該產(chǎn)品，每一項(xiàng)都需要對(duì)RED有不同的考慮 Noises in the PFMEA PFMEA中的干擾中的干擾 In the same way that noises appear in the cause section of the DFMEA, the should also appear in the Cause section of the PFMEA 同樣的方式，干擾在DFMEA的原因部分出現(xiàn)， 也應(yīng)該在PFMEA的原因部分出現(xiàn) Noise Factor Management Strategy 噪聲干擾因素管理策略噪聲干擾因素管理策略 Th

9、e team needed to review each of the Potential Causes for Failure listed in the G8D or the PFMEA and determine the appropriate Noise Factor Management Strategy. 小組需要評(píng)審在G8D或PFMEA中所列失效的每 一種潛在原因，確定適當(dāng)?shù)脑肼暩蓴_因素管理策 略 Factors Affecting Process Capability 因素影響過(guò)程能力因素影響過(guò)程能力 An initial Process Capability Study ne

10、eded to be conducted. 需要進(jìn)行初始過(guò)程能力的研究 The tensioning operation and the subsequent measurement of tension would potentially be affected by ambient audible noise. 張力調(diào)整和隨后張力的測(cè)量會(huì)潛在地受周?chē)陕?tīng)見(jiàn)噪聲的影響 Measurement System Analysis 測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析 Before conducting any study, confirmation is required that the measureme

11、nt system performance is acceptable. 在做任何研究之前，需要確認(rèn)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的性能是可接受的。 If the performance of the measurement system, is not satisfactory, then any Production Validation conducted using the measurement system may not be valid. 如果測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的性能不滿意，那么使用該測(cè)量系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行的任何 生產(chǎn)確認(rèn)都可能無(wú)效。 Gauge R that is, at vehicle, system, sub-

12、system and component levels. 驗(yàn)證和確認(rèn)應(yīng)該發(fā)生在系統(tǒng)工程V模型的所有級(jí)別上， 也就是說(shuō)，在整車(chē)、系統(tǒng)、子系統(tǒng)和零部件級(jí)別上。 The focus of verification should be on the lower levels of the Systems Engineering V model. 驗(yàn)證的焦點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在系統(tǒng)工程V模型的較低級(jí)別上。 Summary Testing Type 總結(jié)總結(jié)測(cè)試類(lèi)型測(cè)試類(lèi)型 Verification is a team-based process that includes representatives from a

13、ll key areas involved. 驗(yàn)證是一個(gè)以團(tuán)隊(duì)為基礎(chǔ)的過(guò)程，包括來(lái)自所有參與領(lǐng)域的代表 Process Capability and Measurement System Analysis are an integral part of Production Validation. 過(guò)程能力和測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析是生產(chǎn)確認(rèn)中的主要部分 DV&PV tests should use a sample size based on engineering confidence DV&PV試驗(yàn)應(yīng)該采用以工程可信度為基礎(chǔ)的樣本量 Verification should be based on a

14、nalytical testing whenever possible and appropriate and conducted systemically in an efficient and effective way. 只要可能和適當(dāng)，驗(yàn)證應(yīng)該以分析測(cè)試為基礎(chǔ)，并以一種有效果和效率的方 式系統(tǒng)地實(shí)施。 DV&PV as a Total Process DV&PV作為一個(gè)整體過(guò)程作為一個(gè)整體過(guò)程 DV&PV should be viewed as a total process integrated into FPDS. The DV&PV process starts with the

15、 customer requirements, verifying that the design meets these requirements, and ends up verifying that the product, as manufactured, also meets these requirements. DV&PV應(yīng)被視為并入FPDS中的一個(gè)整體過(guò)程。DV和PV過(guò) 程以顧客的需求開(kāi)始，驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)滿足這些需求，而以驗(yàn)證制 造出的產(chǎn)品也滿足這些需求為終點(diǎn)。 Vehicle System Sub-System Component I T E R A T I V E P L A N

16、 N I N G Top Down Bottom Up S E Q U E N T I A L D O I N G Features of a Good Verification/Validation Process 好的驗(yàn)證好的驗(yàn)證/確認(rèn)過(guò)程的特性確認(rèn)過(guò)程的特性 Features found in a good verification or validation process include the following: 一個(gè)好的驗(yàn)證或確認(rèn)過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的特性包括下列各項(xiàng)： Driven by functional requirements 以功能的需求驅(qū)動(dòng) Based on Key Lif

17、e Tests developed from Real World Usage Profiles 以從真實(shí)世界顧客使用狀況開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的關(guān)鍵壽命試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ) Incorporates the effect of all critical Noise factors 合并所有關(guān)鍵噪聲干擾因素的影響 Uses accelerated testing techniqus 使用加速測(cè)試技術(shù) Measures functional degradation 測(cè)量功能的退化 Uses a sample size based on engineering confidence 使用基于工程可信度的樣本量 Check

18、list 檢查清單檢查清單 G o o d D V & P V T e s t i n g : 好 的 D V & P V 測(cè) 試 ： I s r e q u i r e m e n t s d r i v e n 是 需 求 驅(qū) 動(dòng) 的 I n c o r p o r a t e s R E D p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r o c e s s e s 合 并 R E D 原 理 和 過(guò) 程 I n c l u d e s t h e e f f e c t s o f c r i t i c a l N o i s e f a c t o r s 包 括 關(guān)

19、鍵 干 擾 因 素 的 影 響 C o n f i r m s r o b u s t n e s s a n d r e l i a b i l i t y 確 定 殷 實(shí) 可 靠 性 和 可 靠 性 I s b a s e d o n a K L T 是 以 K L T 為 基 礎(chǔ) 的 U s e s r e l e v a n t i n f o r m a t i o n a s a n i n p u t t o d e v e l o p m e n t 使 用 相 關(guān) 的 信 息 作 為 開(kāi) 發(fā) 的 輸 入 P - d i a g r a m F M E A s G l o b

20、a l 8 D s S D S s I s a c c e l e r a t e d 是 加 速 的 M e a s u r e s F u n c t i o n a l d e g r a d a t i o n 測(cè) 量 功 能 的 退 化 U s e s s a m p l e s i z e b a s e d o n E n g i n e e r i n g c o n f i d e n c e 使 用 基 于 工 程 可 信 度 的 樣 本 量 I s c o n d u c t e d a t t h e l o w e r l e v e l s o f t h e S

21、y s t e m s E n g i n e e r i n g V m o d e l 在 系 統(tǒng) V 模 型 的 較 低 級(jí) 別 進(jìn) 行 U s e s C A E b a s e d m e t h o d s w h e r e v e r p o s s i b l e 盡 可 能 使 用 基 于 各 種 方 法 的 C A E Next Steps 下一步下一步 Take the APEL 進(jìn)行APEL Verification of Product Design and Manufacture 產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和制造的驗(yàn)證產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和制造的驗(yàn)證 The need to verify a

22、design applies equally to 驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的需要同樣應(yīng)用于 the design of a product 產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì) the design of the manufacturing process by which the product is made 生產(chǎn)該產(chǎn)品的制造工藝的設(shè)計(jì) Both verification and validation are considered as confirmation. 驗(yàn)證和確認(rèn)兩者皆被視為確定 Design Verification 設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證 Design Verification can be accomplished

23、through a series of tests. Such tests can be: 設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證可以通過(guò)一系列的試驗(yàn)來(lái)完成。這些試驗(yàn)可以是： Physical (testing of hardware) 物理的（硬件測(cè)試） Analytical (using mathematical models) 分析的（使用數(shù)學(xué)模型） A mixture of physical and analytical 物理和分析的混合 These tests should incorporate the effect of all relevant Noise factors. 這些試驗(yàn)應(yīng)該合并所有相關(guān)干擾因素

24、的影響。 Noise factors are uncontrolled factors that cause a products ideal function to be disrupted and error states to be produced. 干擾因素是導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品理想功能遭到破壞并造成出錯(cuò)狀態(tài)的不可控因素。 Benefit to Ford Motor Company 對(duì)福特汽車(chē)公司的益處對(duì)福特汽車(chē)公司的益處 Benefit to Ford Motor Company 對(duì)福特汽車(chē)公司的益處對(duì)福特汽車(chē)公司的益處 Previous Robustness Studies 之前的殷實(shí)可靠性研究之前的殷實(shí)可靠性研究 Previous robustness studies are a key source of information 之前的殷實(shí)可靠性研究是信息的關(guān)鍵來(lái)源 The team can use this information for their