過去分詞作狀語

1、非謂語動詞：過去分詞過去分詞(短語)作狀語過去分詞表示完成或被動， 作狀語時，表示動作發(fā)生的背景或者情況， 在意義上相當于一個狀語從句，其省略的主語(邏輯主語)是主句的主語，且與主語之間存在被動關系。過去分詞作狀語可以表示時間、條件、方式、原因、讓步等。過去分詞的否定式是將not放在其前一、過去分詞作狀語時的具體用法：1) 過去分詞作 時間狀語 時，相當于一個時間狀語從句。有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while 來強調時間概念 .例: 1. Asked (Whe n he was asked) what had happe ned, his face turned red.當他被問及發(fā)生了

2、什么的時候，他的臉紅了。2. When heated (When it is heated), water chan ges into steam.當加熱時，水變成水蒸氣。3. Told that his mother was ill( When he was told that his mother was illl), LiLei hurried home quickly.李蕾得知母親生病了時，馬上趕回了家。4. Seen from the moon(When it is seen from the moon) , the earth looks green.從月亮上看時，地球是綠色。2)

3、 過去分詞作原因狀語時，相當于一個由as, since, because等詞引導的原因狀語從句。例: 1. Deeply (Because they were) moved by the movie, the childre n bega n to cry.由于被電影深深地感動，孩子們哭了起來。2. Frighte ned (Because she was frighte ned)by the horror movie, the girl did ntdare to sleep alo ne.因為被驚悚電影嚇壞了，這個女孩不敢單獨睡覺。3. Caught in a heavy rain (Be

4、cause he was caught in a.), he was all wet.4. Satisfied with what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with.),the teacher praised him in class.由于老師對他所做的事情很滿意，于是在班上表揚了他。3) 過去分詞作條件狀語時,通常放在句子的前面，相當于if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句。例：1. Compared with you (If we are compared) , we still have a long way togo.和你們

5、比起來，我們還有很長的一段路要走。2. Grow n (If these seeds are grow n) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。3. Given more time (If we were given more time), we would be able to do the work much better.4. Given a few minutes (If I am given a few minutes), I ll finish it.再給幾分鐘的時間，我就會完成了4) 過去分詞

6、作 讓步狀語 時，相當于一個以though / although引導的讓步狀語從句，這類 分詞或分詞短語一般放在句子前面。例：1. Left (Although he was left) at home, John did nt feel afraid at all.雖然John被單獨留在房間里，他一點都不害怕。2. Invited by him (Though I was invited by them), I won t take part in theparty.即使被邀請，我也不會參加聚會的。3. Explained a hundred times (Although he was e

7、xplained.), he still can tun dersta nd it.即使給他解釋一百篇，她還是不會明白。4. Trained ten hours a day (Though he was trained.), he will still be a fool.即使每天訓練十個小時，他也還會是個傻瓜。5) 過去分詞作狀語表方式或伴隨狀語時不用狀語從句替換，但可以改寫成并列句。例: 1.She walked out of the house, (and she was) followed by her little daughter.她走出房子，后面跟著她小女兒。2. (She wa

8、s) Dressed in white, (and) she looked really pretty.穿著白衣服，她看起來確實很美?，F(xiàn)在分詞表進行、主動，與我們上了樓。后面跟著那個老人。從上面看，體育場好像一個鳥從太空看，宇航x)獨立主格)二、過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：1) 過去分詞表完成、被動,與主句的主語之間是被動關系；主句的主語之間是主動關系。試比較：Follow ing the old man, we went upstairs.跟著那個老人= We followed the old man, and we went upstairs.Followed by the old m

9、an, we went upstairs.我們上了樓=We were followed by the old man, and we went upstairs.Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.Seeing from space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.員看不到長城。2) 若分詞主語與句中主語不一致，則可以用其他方法來修正。 用with的復合結構等. 改為相應的狀語從句來表達。 給分詞添加自己的主語，構成獨立主格結構 改變語態(tài)。例如：完成作業(yè)后，孩子

10、們出去踢足球了。Fini shed their homework, the childre n went out to play football.(Their homework fini shed, the childre n went out to play football.(Having fini shed their homework, the childre n went out to play football.（現(xiàn)在分詞完成形式）With their homework finished（表時間）,the children went out to play football. （

11、with介詞+的復合結構）After finishing their homework, the childre n went out to play football.（動名詞）例如：當他過馬路時，一輛車撞到了他。誤： Crossing the road, a car knocked him down.誤： Crossed the road, he was knocked down by a car.正: Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car.過馬路時他被車撞倒了。正: When he was crossing the road, a

12、 car knocked him down.他過馬路時車子把他撞倒了。注意：分詞的獨立主格結構的由來解決狀語分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致的問題，也可在分詞前加一個名詞或代詞，使之成為分詞的邏輯主語。由于加在分詞前的名詞或代詞要用主格形式，例: He crossing the road, a car knocked him down.The job fini shed, we went home.工作結束后我們就回家了。The weather being fine, we went swim ming.天氣很好，我們就去游泳了。He being absent, nothing couldn t

13、 be done.由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。誤：Barking madly ， I led the dog out.正： The dog bark ing madly, I led it out.正： Barking madly ， the dog was let out by me.正： Becuase the dog was barkli ng madly, I led it out.正： With the dog bark ing madly, I led it out.、有些過去分詞因源于系表結構，已經被形容詞化。故作狀語時不表被動而表主動，表 示人的狀態(tài)。get lost; be

14、lost in（沉溺于）； be seated; be compared withbe dressed in; be born; be tired of （厭煩）; be tired from be worried about（表狀態(tài)）be in terested in; be moved by; be disappo in ted at; be surprised at四、選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出， 分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。Used for a long time, the book looks old. Usingthe boo

15、k, I find it useful.Looking at her, he jumped with joy.Looked at by her, he jumped withjoy.五、正如第四點所說，不論是動詞不定式作狀語、-ing分詞做狀語，還是動詞的過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須是句子的主語。但是，有一些非謂語動詞短語已經游離出來，成 為單獨的短語，在句子中作狀語。如：(1) exactly / hon estly / fran kly / gen erally speak in g,準確地說不過去 / 老實地說/坦率地說/ 一般說來。準確地說,例: 1. Exactly speak i

16、ng, he got here at eight fourtee n this morning.今天早晨他是十八點十四分來到這里的。2. Gen erally speak ing, a sn ake won t attack a man uni ess it is bothered.般說來，蛇是不會攻擊人的除非你冒犯了它。(2) judgi ng from / by.從/根據(jù)某東西判斷例: 1. Judgi ng by his acce nt, he is from Hunan.從他的口音來判斷，他是湖南人。2. Judgi ng from what he said, he is very h

17、on est.從他所說的話來判斷，它是很誠實的。(3) providi ng / provided假如/如果例: 1. Providi ng he follows our advice, we can help him.要是他按我們的建議去做,我們就能幫助他。2. Provided he is free, he is sure to come.如果他有空，他肯定會來。(4) con sideri ng.考慮到例: 1. Considering he was just a little boy, we didnt punish him. 考慮到他還只是一個小孩，我們就沒有懲罰他了。2. Cons

18、idering it was late, we didnt discuss the question.考慮到時間不早了，我們就沒有討論這個問題了。(5) thinking of.想到/考慮到waste can t be thrown away around例：Thinking of the environment we live in, thedirectly.考慮到我們所生存的環(huán)境，廢物不能直接到處亂扔。talking of.談到/ 說到例：Talking of math, he became excited.談到數(shù)學，他就興奮起來了。此外，還有短語：taki ng.i ntocon sid

19、eration 把某事考慮進去；calculati ng roughly,粗略地計算；supposing. 假定；to tell you the truth實話告訴你；to be frank 坦白地說；to begi n with首先要做的是； so to speak 可以這么說；taken as a whole 從整體上來看；put fran kly,坦率地說；given that 鑒于等。Ilearn 過去分詞：作狀語練習Multiple Choices (Given a lever, anyone can movethe earth with it. )1. into English,

20、the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated2. the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day growinto international stars.A. GivingB. Having given C. To giveD. GivenA. Offer3. an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer4.twice, the postman refused to deliverour lettersunless we chained our dog.A. Being bitten B. BittenC. Havin