北京英語(yǔ)著名景點(diǎn)介紹

1、 beijing dust storm - forbidden city north wall the forbidden city, also referred to as the palace museum, is one of the chinas most significant historical monuments, and the forbidden city complex is representative of the traditional classical chinese architecture of the dynastic period. the entire

2、 palace was designed for the viewing pleasure of the emperor only, and few outsiders ever saw the inner court part of the city. the forbidden city was completed in 1420 during the ming dynasty. the palace was the home to twenty four chinese emperors from the ming and qin dynasties, spanning over 491

3、 years from 1420 and 1911. taihe gate square - looking at the north meridian gatethe meridian gate (above) was constructed in 1420, and is the main gate of the forbidden city. it was used primarily by the emperor, who always entered from the south. the meridian gate is over 37 meters high, and is th

4、e second main gate after the outer-most tiananmen gate or gate of heavenly peace.taihe gate squarewithin the taihe gate square lies the golden water river, which snakes through the square like a winding jade belt. five marble bridges span the golden water river. the use of wide open space was design

5、ed to limit an invaders ability to hide. the stone flooring in the square was several layers thick to prevent someone from tunneling into the compound. taihe gate square - golden water riverthe forbidden city occupies a total space of more than 720,000 square meters, surrounded on three sides by imp

6、erial gardens. the entire complex is surrounded by a 50 meter wide moat and a 10 meter high wall with watch towers at each of its corners. the palace walls have a total length of 3,400 metres.the forbidden city complex consists of two main parts: the outer court and the inner court. the forbidden ci

7、ty complex contains 9,999.5 bays or rooms, which is .5 less rooms than the 1000 rooms heaven was believed to be. no. 2 long alley looking towards the western palacesthe outer court centers around the hall of preserved harmony, hall of supreme harmony, and the midway hall of harmony, all of which are

8、 flanked by the hall of literary glory and the hall of military prowess. at the center of the inner court lies the hall of celestial heavenly purity, hall of union and peace, and the hall of terrestrial or earthly transquility, which are symmetrically flanked by the six east palaces and the six west

9、 palaces.jingshan park & coal hillto the north of the qianqing gate or gate of obedience and purity and directly across from the gate of divine prowess (aka gate of divine might) is jingshan park, which is also known as coal hill or jing shan hill (below). the hill is artificial, created from the so

10、il excavated to build the palace moat and adjoining lakes. to this day jingshan park is a popular morning gathering spot for the locals to preform tai chi. overlooking qianqing gate square and coal hillchongzheng - the last ming emperorthe last ming emperor chongzheng hanged himself atop jingshan hi

11、ll (meaning prospect hill or dominating hill) in 1644, as the rebel manchu army of li zicheng overtook the palace. the forbidden city is situated to the south of a jingshan hill in accordance with the dictates of feng shui. this is why coal hill is also known as feng shui hill. baohe hall and zhongh

12、e hall marble steps yangxin hall - qing dynasty throne yangxin hall was where the emperors of the qing dynasty met with their ministers. entrance to the yangxin hall the horizontal board above the throne (below left) in yangxin hall is inscribed with zhong zheng ren he, written by emperor yong zheng

13、 (1678 - 1735), the fourth emperor of the manchu qing dynasty. yangxin hall - qing dynasty throne (left), ci xis bedroom (right)the wedding bedroom and bridal chambers are surprisingly intimate, possibly due to the need conserve heat during the cold beijing winters. the bedroom to the right belonged

14、 to empress ci xi (cixi) known as the dragon lady, empress dowager, or the power behind the curtain, as she was a surrogate ruler for nearly 50 years.taihe hall - ming dynasty thronetaihe halls gold-painted throne was created during the ming dynasty (below left), and was used to enthrone the emperor

15、 when he performed important ceremonies and handed down official edicts. the throne is surrounded by six golden pillars encircled by golden dragons, and the ceiling contains a phoenix above the throne. entrance to the yangxin hallimperial garden - yujing & qiangqiu pavilionthe imperial garden was co

16、nstructed using a prized variety of rock known as taihu rock that is found at the bottom of taihu lake to the west of suzhou in the yangtze river delta. the garden and hill were used to view the queen to autumn colors that lay outside the palace walls. yujing pavilion garden - duixiu hill made of ta

17、ihu rock yujing pavilion on duixiu hill (left), qiangqiu pavilion (right)forbidden city palace moat & wallsthe heavily fortified forbidden city palace is surrounded by a 3,800 meter-long moat that is 52 meters wide, and six meters deep. behind the moat is a 10 meters high red-painted wall, with watc

18、htowers at each corner. northwest palace wall and city moatthe last emperor - puyiemperor puyi of the manchu aisin-gioro imperial family was the 12th emperor of the qing dynasty, and the last emperor of china, from 1908 to 1924.puyi ascended the throne at the age of two, under the deathbed edict of

19、dowager empress, cixi (the dragon lady). puyi was taken from his home in peking as an infant, and placed in the care of a wet-nurse, wen-chao wang in the forbidden city.in 1912, china became a republic following the xinhai revolution, and the monarchy was ended. under the treaty entitled articles of

20、 favourable treatment of the emperor of the great qing after his abdication, puyi would retain the symbolic title of emperor, and be provided with an annual stipend of 4 million dollars.after an aborted attempt to revive the monarchy in 1917, puyi and the rest of his imperial court were held as a vi

21、rtual prisoners within the walls of the northern section of the forbidden city and the summer palace, under the watchful eyes of the court eunuchs, and imperial guards.puyi and his concubines were finally evicted from the forbidden city in 1924. being of manchu descent, puyi was installed as a puppe

22、t ruler of manchukuo in 1932, at the behest of imperial japan. puyi ruled manchukuo until 1945 when the soviet red army drove the japanese out of northern china at the end of wwii.puyis life story was poignantly told in the 1987 film the last emperor, directed by bernardo bertolucci. shenwu gate pal

23、ace watchtower and southwest city moat each year millions of chinese and foreign visitors stroll through the massive palace grounds to witness the past power, glory, and extravagance of chinas notorious emperors. this page contains maps, diagrams, and satellite imaging of beijings forbidden city pal

24、ace museum, jingshan park beihai lake, and the surrounding city. beijing city map beijing palace city scroll at the national museum of china, in beijingtemple of heaven (tiantan park)temple of heavenwithin beijings tiantan park is the temple of heaven, a cult building symbolizing the relationship be

25、tween heaven and earth, which has become one of chinas most famous and important temples. ming and qing dynasty emperors came to the temple of heaven twice each year to pray for good harvests.the temple of heaven is enclosed behind the walled 667 acre tiantan park, to the south of the forbidden city

26、. the temple of heaven complex was declared a world heritage site by unesco in 1998. temple of heaven - looking north from the south chengzhen gatetemple of heaven layout & designall of the structures in the temple complex are aligned on a north-south central axis, flanked by buildings to the east a

27、nd west. the temple complex was constructed according to the dictates of feng shui, and in accordance with the ancient religious practices used in nanjing, the historic capital of china.the round northern section of the temple represents heaven, with the qiniandian or hall of prayer for good harvest

28、s and its three concentric circular roofs as the focal point. the hall of prayer temple sits atop a three-tiered marble balustrade decorated with dragon, phoenix, and cloud motifs. the huangqiongyu imperial vault of heaven, with the qiniandian in the backgroundas with most chinese temples and palace

29、s, the emperor would always enter the temple of heaven complex from the southern-most zhaoheng gate.qiniandian hall of prayer for good harveststhe qiniandian was originally constructed in 1420, during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. the original qiniandian hall of prayer was made en

30、tirely of wood, destroyed by fire in 1889, and subsequently rebuilt. post and beam construction was used in both versions, and all joints were mortised together without the use of fasteners or nails. eastern long corridor entrance to the hall of prayer for good harvests the long corridor to the east

31、 of the hall of prayer for good harvests (photo, above) was used to carry slaughtered sacrificial animals from the divine kitchen and butcher house to the temple alter. the covered walkway was designed to protect the sacrifice from being stained by the elements.qiniandian interior and plan drawings

32、mathmatics and seasonal or celestial calculations play a major role in the design of the qiniandian, with its roof of three concentric circles being supported by four massive wood columns that symbolize the four seasons. other aspects of the buildings design equate to the twelve months of the year a

33、nd twelve hours in a day. temple of heaven - west celestial gate south of the qiniandian, through the chengzhen gate, is the huangqiongyu or imperial vault of heaven. the huangqiongyu was originally constructed in 1530, and rebuilt 1572. this area also contains the echo wall and triple sound stones,

34、 with their peculiar acoustical qualities. locals gather in the long corridor to play music or games further to the south is the circular mound alter that is contained in a square area representing earth. this alter was built in 1530 by emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. the circular mound alter w

35、as used to worship heaven each year on the winter solstice. the hall of prayer balustrade - looking south towards the imperial vault of heaven during the reign of emperor qianlong, the temple of heaven complex was refurbished and enlarged to make it more pure and holy than before. temple of heaven -

36、 looking west at sunset the summer palace beijings yihe yuan summer palacethe summer palace (aka yihe yuan or garden of clear ripples), originally constructed in 1750, was built by emperor qianlong to celebrate his mothers birthday. during subsequent regimes the palace was used as a pleasure garden

37、to escape the summer heat in beijing. the summer palace is located northwest of beijing, around the man-made kunming lake. the lake covers approximately three-quarters of the 290 hectare palace grounds. there are three man-made islands on the lake that are meant to imitate the three celestial island

38、s of the east china sea. foxiang ge tower of the fragrance of the buddha atop longevity hill on kunming lakekunming lakes causeway was designed to emulate the west lake su causeway in hangzhou the seventeen arch bridge to the south-east of kunming lake links the east dyke with south lake island.long

39、evity hillthe foxiang ge tower, also known as the tower of buddhist incense, or tower of the fragrance of the buddha is one of the most recognizable temples in china, and is a symbol of dynastic power in ancient china. the tower sits atop longevity hill, where the first gold mountain palace was buil

40、t by emperor wanyan liang during the jin dynasty (1115 to 1234). stairway to the foxiang ge tower during the yuan dynasty (1271 to 1368), longevity hill was renamed weng shan, meaning jug hill, for a jug filled with gold that was supposedly found on the hill. view of the revolving archivesthe empres

41、s dowager cixi, aka dragon ladyin 1886, the summer palace was extensively remodeled and improved under the reign of the infamous dragon lady, also known as the empress dowager cixi (1835 to 1908), who was the de-facto ruler of china (the power behind the throne, screen or curtain) during the manchu

42、qing dynasty (1644 to 1911). view of kunming lake and the seventeen arch bridge from foxiang ge tower - zoom cixi was buried at the eastern qing tombs in hebei province, east of beijing. as was customary for the times, a giant pearl the size of a robins egg was placed in the empress dowagers mouth t

43、o protect her corpse from decomposition. in 1928 her tomb was ransacked by sun dianying, a kuomintang warlord. cixis body was desecrated, and it is rumored that some of her stolen jewels and her crown were given to kuomintang leader chiang kai-shek who gifted them to his wife, soong may-ling.the lon

44、g corridorthe 728 meter long corridor runs along the shore of kunming lake, from foxiang ge tower to the marble boat. with its 14,000 ceiling paintings, the long corridor is considered one of the longest painted galleries in the world. the 728 meter long corridor and one of its 14,000 ceiling painti

45、ngs in 1750, the long corridor was added to the summer palace by emperor qianlong so that his mother could enjoy the gardens without fear of the elements. long corridor ceiling paintingsmarble boatthe summer palaces marble boat, also known as the clear and peaceful boat was built in 1755 as a symbol

46、 of stability for the empire of the qing dynasty. the boat was built with the idea that water can carry a boat, and it can capsize a boat, meaning that the qing empire would never be toppled. the marble boatboth the summer palace and the old summer palace (yuan ming yuan), which was known as the gar

47、dens of perfect brightness, were destroyed during the anglo-french invasion in 1860.rebuilding yihe yuanthe palace was rebuilt in 1886, and in 1888 the summer palace was renamed yihe yuan, meaning garden of nurtured harmony. unfortunately, the harmony did not last long, and the palace suffered anoth

48、er devastating attack during boxer rebellion in 1900. yihe yuan was again rebuilt in 1902. the 41 meter high foxiang ge tower water calligraphy (left) bridge of banana plant (right) view of yu quan hill and the yu feng pagoda (center of photo)the summer palace was added to unescos list of world heri

49、tage sites in 1998. dingling ming tombsbeijings dingling ming tombsthe ming tombs are located sixty kilometers northwest of beijing in the tianshou mountains, near one of the restored sections of the great wall. dingling is the burial grounds for thirteen of sixteen ming emperors spanning the 15th a

50、nd 16th century. the entire ming necropolis covers over 40 acres, and is approached via the sacred way, which is a long colonnade lined with stone statuary of animals and dignitaries. dingling tomb - looking at the hall of eminent favour zhu di, known as the third ming emperor or the yongle emperor,

51、 was the first ming emperor to be buried at the dingling in 1424. zhu dis mausoleum is called the changling.the necropolis is also the final resting place for several of the zhu dis concubines and empresses, some of which were buried alive to accompany the emperor on his journey into the afterlife. the practice of entombing living concubines was abolished during the reign of the zhengtong emperor in the mid 1400s. dinglings main hall (left), chang-ling tomb (right)zhu di, the emperor responsible for building the forb