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1、基于stc89c52的數(shù)字溫度計(jì)目 錄1、 緒論.32、 方案選擇 2.1、主控芯片選擇 32.2、顯示模塊.32.3、溫度檢測模塊.43、 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)3.1、51單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).43.2、電源供電電路設(shè)計(jì).53.3、lcd顯示電路設(shè)計(jì).63.4、溫度檢測電路設(shè)計(jì).74、 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)4.1、溫度傳感器數(shù)據(jù)讀取流程圖.94.2、系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計(jì).105、 編程和仿真5.1、keil編程軟件.115.2、proteus.115.3、仿真界面.116、 總結(jié).127、 附錄 附錄1、原理圖.12 附錄2、程序清單.131、緒論在信息高速發(fā)展的21世紀(jì),科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展日新月異,科技的進(jìn)步帶動了測量
2、技術(shù)的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代控制設(shè)備的性能和結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了高速發(fā)展的信息時(shí)代,測量技術(shù)也成為當(dāng)今科技的一個主流,廣泛地深入到研究和應(yīng)用工程的各個領(lǐng)域。溫度和人們的生活息息相關(guān),溫度的測量也就變得很重要。2、系統(tǒng)方案選擇2.1 主控芯片選擇方案一:stc89c52rcstc89c52rc是采用8051核的isp在線可編程芯片,最高工作時(shí)鐘頻率80mhz,片內(nèi)含8kb的可反復(fù)擦寫1000次的flash只讀存儲器,器件兼容mcs-51指令系統(tǒng)及8051引腳結(jié)構(gòu),芯片內(nèi)集成了通用8位中央處理器和isp flash存儲單元,具有在線可編程特定,配合pc端的控制程序即可將用戶的程序代碼下載進(jìn)
3、單片機(jī)內(nèi)部,省去了購買通用編程器,而且速度更快。stc89c52rc系列單片機(jī)是單時(shí)鐘周期、高速、低功耗的新一代8051單片機(jī)。方案二:atmega8atmega8是atmal公司在2002年第一季度推出的一款新型avr高檔單片機(jī)。在avr家族中,atmega8是一種非常特殊的單片機(jī),它的芯片內(nèi)部集成了較大容量的存儲器和豐富強(qiáng)大的硬件接口電路,具備avr高檔單片機(jī)mega系列的全部性能和特點(diǎn)。但由于采用了小引腳封裝(為dip28和tqfp/mlf32),所以其價(jià)格僅與低檔單片機(jī)相當(dāng),再加上avr單片機(jī)的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)可編程特性,使得無需購買昂貴的仿真器和編程器也可進(jìn)行單片機(jī)嵌入式系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā),同時(shí)
4、也為單片機(jī)的初學(xué)者提供了非常方便和簡捷的開發(fā)環(huán)境。由以上兩種方案進(jìn)行比較,我們選擇stc89c52rc作為主控芯片,因?yàn)樵撔酒侨腴T級單片機(jī),我們對該款單片機(jī)比較熟悉,而avr單片機(jī)較為高端,這次的設(shè)計(jì)用stc89c52已經(jīng)足夠使用,引腳也夠用,故用stc89c52作為主控芯片。stc89c52rc價(jià)格低廉,一般5元以內(nèi)可以買到,在通銀買也很方便。2.2 時(shí)鐘及顯示模塊方案一:數(shù)碼管數(shù)碼管亮度高,顯示大,特別是顯示的時(shí)間很直觀,價(jià)格比較便宜,但多位的數(shù)碼管在動態(tài)掃描的時(shí)候會出現(xiàn)閃爍。而且數(shù)碼管占用的位置較大,且比較耗電。方案二: 1602液晶屏1602液晶屏顯示清晰且不會閃爍,在需要時(shí)還可以輸
5、出字符等內(nèi)容,由于液晶屏是數(shù)字式的,因此和單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的接口簡單,操作方便。1602lcd液晶顯示屏的功耗主要消耗在其內(nèi)部的電極和驅(qū)動ic 上,因而耗電量比其他顯示器要少得多,功耗較低。由于其內(nèi)部集成有顯示芯片,程序編寫簡單,適用于多方面的應(yīng)用。因此由以上兩種方案進(jìn)行比較,我們選擇方案二來設(shè)計(jì)顯示模塊。1602液晶顯示屏網(wǎng)上可購買的途徑較多,價(jià)格一般在10元以內(nèi),重慶育森電子網(wǎng)店價(jià)格為8.5元。通銀那也有,不過可能價(jià)格要15元左右。2.3 溫度檢測模塊方案一:熱敏電阻+ad模塊本方案使用熱敏電阻之類的器件(如ad590等模擬溫度傳感器)利用其感溫效應(yīng),在將隨被測溫度變化的電壓或電流采集出來,進(jìn)行
6、a/d轉(zhuǎn)換后,就可以利用單片機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的處理,在顯示電路上可以將被測溫度顯示出來,這種設(shè)計(jì)需要用到a/d轉(zhuǎn)換電路,感溫電路比較麻煩。方案二:ds18b20ds18b20數(shù)字溫度傳感器是dallas公司生產(chǎn)的1-wire,即單總線器件,具有線路簡單,體積小的特點(diǎn)。因此用它來組成一個測溫系統(tǒng),具有線路簡單,在一根通信線,可以掛很多這樣的數(shù)字溫度計(jì),十分方便。它在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中不需要外部任何元器件即可實(shí)現(xiàn)測溫,測量溫度范圍在-55到+125攝氏度之間,由以上兩種方案進(jìn)行比較,我們選擇方案二來設(shè)計(jì)溫度檢測模塊。其中ds18b20網(wǎng)上報(bào)價(jià)約為5元,其中,重慶育森電子的網(wǎng)店較為便宜,為4.5元。通銀也有賣,價(jià)
7、格稍微高點(diǎn)。3、系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)3.1 51單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)如下圖所示:以stc89c52單片機(jī)為核心,選用12m的晶振,這是最常用的選擇,外接電容沒有特別的要求,但是外接電容的大小會影響振蕩器的頻率高低、振蕩器的穩(wěn)定性和起振的快速性,因此我們選用30pf的電容作為起振電容。復(fù)位電路為按鍵低電平復(fù)位,當(dāng)按鍵按下,ret端為高電平,當(dāng)高電平持續(xù)4us的時(shí)間就可以使單片機(jī)復(fù)位。這里尤其要注意的是晶振和電容的位置,它們距離單片機(jī)引腳越短越好,因?yàn)樘L可能無法使單片機(jī)起振。另外是ea端一定要接上電源,使單片機(jī)能夠工作。3.2 電源供電電路設(shè)計(jì)電源供電電路如下圖所示:我們采用4節(jié)1.5v的電
8、池作為電源,lm2940為穩(wěn)壓芯片,穩(wěn)壓芯片兩端分別接兩個0.1uf和100uf的電容進(jìn)行濾波,以獲得更穩(wěn)定的電壓。d1為電源指示燈,當(dāng)開關(guān)打開,顯示燈亮,表示給電路供+5v電壓。其中,lm2940作為常用的穩(wěn)壓芯片,比7805的轉(zhuǎn)換效率要高,7805直接輸入不接輸出的情況下,其內(nèi)部會有3ma的靜態(tài)電流消耗,而2940的靜態(tài)電流比7805要小的多,故選擇lm2940作為穩(wěn)壓芯片。4節(jié)電池裝在電池盒中,在電路板下方安裝,使用兩套螺絲。3.3 lcd顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)1602lcd液晶屏顯示電路如下圖所示:1602lcd液晶屏為5v電壓驅(qū)動,帶背光,可顯示兩行,每行16個字符,不能顯示漢字。液晶1、2端
9、為電源;15、16為背光電源;為防止直接加5v而燒壞背光燈,在15腳串聯(lián)一個1k電阻晶3端為液晶對比度調(diào)節(jié)端,通過一個10k的電位器來調(diào)節(jié)液晶顯示對比度。用于限流。液液晶4端為向液晶控制器寫數(shù)據(jù)/寫命令選擇端,接單片機(jī)p1.0端口。液晶5端為讀/寫選擇端,因?yàn)槲覀儾恍枰獜囊壕е凶x取數(shù)據(jù),只向其寫入命令和數(shù)據(jù),因此此端始終選擇為寫狀態(tài),即低電平接地。液晶6端為使能信號,是操作必須的信號,接單片機(jī)的p1.1口。3.4 溫度檢測電路設(shè)計(jì)溫度檢測電路如下圖所示:ds18b20是美國dallas半導(dǎo)體公司最新推出的一種改進(jìn)型智能溫度傳感器,與傳統(tǒng)的熱敏電阻等測溫元件相比,它能直接讀出被測溫度,并且可根據(jù)
10、實(shí)際要求通過簡單的編程實(shí)現(xiàn)位的數(shù)字值讀數(shù)方式。ds18b20的性能特點(diǎn)如下: 獨(dú)特的單線接口僅需一個端口引腳進(jìn)行通訊 簡單的多點(diǎn)分布應(yīng)用 無需外部器件 可通過數(shù)據(jù)線供電 零待機(jī)功耗 測溫范圍-55+125,以0.5遞增。華氏器件-67+2570f,以0.90f 遞增 溫度以9 位數(shù)字量讀出 溫度數(shù)字量轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間200ms(典型值) 用戶可定義的非易失性溫度報(bào)警設(shè)置 報(bào)警搜索命令識別并標(biāo)志超過程序限定溫度(溫度報(bào)警條件)的器件。ds18b20內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)主要由四部分組成:64位光刻rom、溫度傳感器、非揮發(fā)的溫度報(bào)警觸發(fā)器th和tl、配置寄存器。ds18b20的管腳排列、各種封裝形式如圖 3.3.1所
11、示,dq 為數(shù)據(jù)輸入/輸出引腳。開漏單總線接口引腳。當(dāng)被用著在寄生電源下,也可以向器件提供電源;gnd為地信號;vdd為可選擇的vdd引腳。當(dāng)工作于寄生電源時(shí),此引腳必須接地。其電路圖如圖5.3.1所示.。 圖5.3.1 外部封裝形式 在仿真軟件中如圖5.3.2所示 圖5.3.2ds18b20的測溫原理如圖5.3.3所示,圖中低溫度系數(shù)晶振的振蕩頻率受溫度的影響很小用于產(chǎn)生固定頻率的脈沖信號送給減法計(jì)數(shù)器1,高溫度系數(shù)晶振隨溫度變化其震蕩頻率明顯改變,所產(chǎn)生的信號作為減法計(jì)數(shù)器2的脈沖輸入,圖中還隱含著計(jì)數(shù)門,當(dāng)計(jì)數(shù)門打開時(shí),ds18b20就對低溫度系數(shù)振蕩器產(chǎn)生的時(shí)鐘脈沖后進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù),進(jìn)而完成
12、溫度測量.計(jì)數(shù)門的開啟時(shí)間由高溫度系數(shù)振蕩器來決定,每次測量前,首先將-55 所對應(yīng)的基數(shù)分別置入減法計(jì)數(shù)器1和溫度寄存器中,減法計(jì)數(shù)器1和溫度寄存器被預(yù)置在-55 所對應(yīng)的一個基數(shù)值。減法計(jì)數(shù)器1對低溫度系數(shù)晶振產(chǎn)生的脈沖信號進(jìn)行減法計(jì)數(shù),當(dāng)減法計(jì)數(shù)器1的預(yù)置值減到0時(shí)溫度寄存器的值將加1,減法計(jì)數(shù)器 1的預(yù)置將重新被裝入,減法計(jì)數(shù)器1重新開始對低溫度系數(shù)晶振產(chǎn)生的脈沖信號進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù),如此循環(huán)直到減法計(jì)數(shù)器2計(jì)數(shù)到0時(shí),停止溫度寄存器值的累加,此時(shí)溫度寄存器中的數(shù)值即為所測溫圖5.3.3中的斜率累加器用于補(bǔ)償和修正測溫過程中的非線性其輸出用,于修正減法計(jì)數(shù)器的預(yù)置值,只要計(jì)數(shù)門仍未關(guān)閉就重復(fù)上
13、述過程,直至溫度寄存器值達(dá)到被測溫度值,這就是ds18b20的測溫原理。另外,由于ds18b20單線通信功能是分時(shí)完成的,有嚴(yán)格的時(shí)隙概念,因此讀寫時(shí)序很重要。系統(tǒng)對ds18b20的各種操作必須按協(xié)議進(jìn)行。操作協(xié)議為:初始化ds18b20(發(fā)復(fù)位脈沖)發(fā)rom功能命令發(fā)存儲器操作命令處理數(shù)據(jù)。圖5.3.3 在正常測溫情況下,ds1820的測溫分辨力為0.5。4、 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)4.1:實(shí)驗(yàn)主程序流程圖4.2:溫度傳感器數(shù)據(jù)讀取流程圖5、編程和仿真5.1 編程軟件keil4keil c51是美國keil software 公司出品的51系列兼容單片機(jī)c語言軟件開發(fā)系統(tǒng),與匯編相比,c語言在功能上、
14、結(jié)構(gòu)性、可讀性、可維護(hù)性上有明顯的優(yōu)勢,因而易學(xué)易用。keil提供了包括c編譯器、宏匯編、連接器、庫管理和一個功能強(qiáng)大的仿真調(diào)試器等在內(nèi)的完整開發(fā)方案,通過一個集成開發(fā)環(huán)境(uvision)將這些部分組合在一起。運(yùn)行keil需要win98、nt、win2000、winxp、win7等操作系統(tǒng)。2009年2月發(fā)布的keil uvision4,keil uvision4引入靈活的窗口管理系統(tǒng),使開發(fā)人員能夠使用多臺監(jiān)視器,并提供了視覺上的表面對窗口位置的完全控制的任何地方,新的用戶界面可以更好地利用屏幕空間和更有效地組織多個窗口,提供一個整潔、高效的環(huán)境來開發(fā)應(yīng)用程序。5.2 仿真軟件proteu
15、s7.7proteus軟件是labcenter electronics公司出版的eda工具軟件(該軟件中國總代理為廣州風(fēng)標(biāo)電子技術(shù)有限公司)。它不僅具有其它eda工具軟件的仿真功能,還能仿真單片機(jī)及外圍器件。它是目前最好的仿真單片機(jī)及外圍器件的工具。雖然目前國內(nèi)推廣剛起步,但已受到單片機(jī)愛好者、從事單片機(jī)教學(xué)的教師、致力于單片機(jī)開發(fā)應(yīng)用的科技工作者的青睞。proteus是世界上著名的eda工具(仿真軟件),從原理圖布圖、代碼調(diào)試到單片機(jī)與外圍電路協(xié)同仿真,一鍵切換到pcb設(shè)計(jì),真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了從概念到產(chǎn)品的完整設(shè)計(jì)。是目前世界上唯一將電路仿真軟件、pcb設(shè)計(jì)軟件和虛擬模型仿真軟件三合一的設(shè)計(jì)平臺,其
16、處理器模型支持8051、hc11、pic10/12/16/18/24/30/dspic33、avr、arm、8086和msp430等,2010年又增加了cortex和dsp系列處理器,并持續(xù)增加其他系列處理器模型。在編譯方面,它也支持iar、keil和mplab等多種編譯器。5.3仿真界面6、總結(jié)1、選擇芯片和傳感器時(shí),夠用易用就可以,綜合考慮選擇性價(jià)比最好的。2、在進(jìn)行電路實(shí)際制作之前,應(yīng)該用仿真軟件進(jìn)行仿真,可以使開發(fā)進(jìn)程加快。3、在實(shí)際制作電路時(shí),需要注意電源端和地端要檢測過不導(dǎo)通后才能通電檢測,防止燒壞芯片。7、 附錄附錄1、原理圖附錄2、程序清單#include /頭文件#defin
17、e uchar unsigned char #define uint unsigned intsbit rs=p20;sbit lcden=p21; /液晶使能端sbit data = p37; /ds18b20接入口uchar flag_dis=0;uchar bai_18b20,shi_18b20,ge_18b20,num; /定義變量bit flag_negative_number ;/負(fù)數(shù)標(biāo)志uchar code table=tempreture: ; /提示語/*一毫秒定時(shí)*/void delay_ms(uint z)uint x,y;for(x=z;x0;x-)for(y=110;
18、y0;y-);/*延時(shí)子函數(shù)*/void delay(uint num)while(num-) ;/*液晶寫命令*/void write_lcd_com(uchar com)rs=0;lcden=0;p0=com;delay_ms(1);lcden=1;delay_ms(1);lcden=0;/*液晶寫數(shù)據(jù)*/void write_lcd_date(uchar date)rs=1;lcden=0;p0=date;delay_ms(1);lcden=1;delay_ms(1);lcden=0;/*液晶初始化程序*/void lcd_init()write_lcd_com(0x38);write_
19、lcd_com(0x0c);write_lcd_com(0x06);write_lcd_com(0x01);/*ds18b20溫度傳感器函數(shù)*/void init_ds18b20(void) /傳感器初始化 uchar x=0; data = 1; /dq復(fù)位 delay(10); /稍做延時(shí) data = 0; /單片機(jī)將dq拉低 delay(80); /精確延時(shí) 大于 480us /450 data = 1; /拉高總線 delay(20); x=data; /稍做延時(shí)后 如果x=0則初始化成功 x=1則初始化失敗 delay(30);/*溫度傳感器讀一個字節(jié)*/readonechar(v
20、oid)uchar i=0;uchar dat = 0;for (i=8;i0;i-) data = 0; / 給脈沖信號 dat=1; data = 1; / 給脈沖信號 if(data) dat|=0x80; delay(8); return(dat);/*溫度傳感器寫一個字節(jié)*/void writeonechar(uchar dat) uchar i=0; for (i=8; i0; i-) data = 0; data = dat&0x01; delay(10); data = 1; dat=1; delay(8);/*讀取溫度傳感器溫度*/int readtemperature(vo
21、id)uchar a=0;uchar b=0;int t=0;float tt=0;init_ds18b20();writeonechar(0xcc); /跳過讀序號列號的操作writeonechar(0x44); /啟動溫度轉(zhuǎn)換init_ds18b20();writeonechar(0xcc); /跳過讀序號列號的操作writeonechar(0xbe); /讀取溫度寄存器等(共可讀9個寄存器)前兩個就是溫度a=readonechar();/低位b=readonechar();/高位t=b;t=8;t=t|a;if(b&0x80) t=t+1;flag_negative_number = 1
22、; else flag_negative_number = 0; tt=t*0.0625;t= tt*10+0.5; return(t);/*液晶顯示溫度*/void dis_d18b20(void)int temp;temp=readtemperature();/讀溫度bai_18b20=temp%1000/100;/顯示十位shi_18b20=temp%100/10;/顯示個位ge_18b20=temp%10;/顯示十分位if(flag_negative_number) /負(fù)數(shù)if(bai_18b20=0) /十位為0,則不顯示十位write_lcd_com(0x80+0x40);writ
23、e_lcd_date(0x2d);write_lcd_date(0x30+shi_18b20);write_lcd_date(0x30+ge_18b20);write_lcd_date(0xdf);write_lcd_date(0x43);elsewrite_lcd_com(0x80+0x40);write_lcd_date(0x2d);write_lcd_date(0x30+bai_18b20);write_lcd_date(0x30+shi_18b20);write_lcd_date(0xdf);write_lcd_date(0x43);else /正數(shù)if(bai_18b20=0) /十
24、位為0,則不顯示十位write_lcd_com(0x80+0x40);write_lcd_date(0x30+shi_18b20);write_lcd_date(0x2e);待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容2write_lcd_date(0x30+ge_18b20);write_lcd_date(0xdf);write_lcd_date(0x43);elsewrite_lcd_com(0x80+0x40);write_lcd_date(0x30+bai_18b20);write_lcd_date(0x30+shi_18b20);write_lcd_date(0x2e);write_lcd_date(0x3
25、0+ge_18b20);write_lcd_date(0xdf);write_lcd_date(0x43);void main()lcd_init();tmod=0x01;th0=(65536-50000)/256; tl0=(65536-50000)%256; tr0=1;et0=1; ea=1; /開總中斷write_lcd_com(0x80);for(num=0;num11;num+)write_lcd_date(tablenum);/delay_ms(10);/dis_d18b20();while(1)if(flag_dis=1) flag_dis=0;dis_d18b20(); /讀
26、溫度并顯示timer0() interrupt 1 / uchar count; th0=(65536-50000)/256; tl0=(65536-50000)%256;count+;if(count=60)/每三秒鐘讀一次溫度傳感器溫度flag_dis=1;count=0;employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the di
27、sciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the discipli
28、nary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the ev
29、ent you are complaining about happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals are less formal tha
30、n some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one o
31、f the organisations listed underfurther help.if you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant c
32、harge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.if you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau
33、. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london
34、for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out w
35、hat his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised an
36、d disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to
37、 oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。或許是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子
38、過成了同一天的樣子;或許是追溯過去,對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟,這些天以來,思緒一直很凌亂,在腦海中不斷糾纏??傆X得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么,或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺,突然就感覺到有些事情,非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可?during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of
39、the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in hig
40、h school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly f
41、ound himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時(shí),覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備,但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn),會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn),那些東西根本就可有可無;初中時(shí),以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長,但三年過去后,自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候,突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了,好像并沒有那么重要了;然后到了高中,覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點(diǎn),但畢業(yè)晚會的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉,后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場,看著他投過籃球的球框時(shí),突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world,
42、 can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來,這個世界上,對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的,除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決,還有,時(shí)間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, bu
43、t more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時(shí)候,自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的,不想要的,
44、界限明確,好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事,但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦,最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分,有很多錯過,好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可,只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑,或者說,是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stat
45、ionery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻,天空是陰暗的,空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫;那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙;那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼;還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可,
46、終于和青春一樣,都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will mov
47、e through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he cro
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