主語從句詳解及練習(xí)-附答案

1、語法要點(diǎn)剖析一、名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that,whether,if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.連接副詞：when,where,how,why1.主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)

2、。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。wheretheenglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下

3、：（1）it+be+名詞+that從句（2）it+be+形容詞+that從句（3）it+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+that從句（4）it+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatitisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatitissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that2.賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)

4、賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：hehastoldmethathewillgotoshanghaitomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在dema

5、nd、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。2.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從

6、句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。3.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：ca.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；.引導(dǎo)從句作介

7、詞賓語時(shí)；d.從句后有“ornot”時(shí)；e.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如：whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問題。everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。4.注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如：hestudiesenglisheveryday.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）hestudiedenglishlastterm.（從句用一般過去時(shí)）iknow(that)hewillstudye

8、nglishnextyear.（從句用一般將來時(shí)）hehasstudiedenglishsince1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：theteachertoldusthattomhadleftusforamerica5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲?。例如：wedontthinkyouareh

9、ere.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。idontbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。3.表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用asif引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動(dòng)詞+that從句。例如：thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是

10、because。例如：thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning選擇：1.“ismaryfromnewyorkcity”“idontknow_.”a.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromb.fromwhatcityshecomec.whatcitydoesshecomefromd.whatcityshecomesfrom2._makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.a.whatb.thatc.whoeverd.whatever3.thereasonwhyididntgo

11、toshanghaiwas_anewjob.a.becauseigotb.becauseofgettingc.igotd.thatigot4.itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.a.whileb.thatc.ifd.for5.henrykilledthedog.illaskhimwhy_.a.didhedothatb.hedidthatc.hedidd.hehasdoneso6.haveyouseenhenrylatelymybosswantstoknow_.a.howheisgettingalongb.howishegettingalongc.wha

12、theisgettingalongd.whatishegettingalong7.itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.a.howeverb.whateverc.whicheverd.whenever8.heaskedme_withme.a.whatisthetroubleb.whatwrongwasc.whatwasthematterd.whattroubleitis9.iamsure_hesaidistrue.a.thatb.aboutthatc.ofthatd.thatwhat10.iwonderhowmuch_.a

13、.doesthewatchcostb.didthewatchcostc.thewatchcostedd.thewatchcosts11.maryis_someonemightrecognizeher.a.afraidofb.afraidaboutc.afraidthatd.afraidfor12.idontdoubt_hellcome.a.thatb.ifc.whatd.whether13.“whydidyougotothewrongclass,mr.wang”“well,iforget_iwassupposedtogoto.”a.whichtheroomb.whichroomc.whatwa

14、stheroomd.whatroomwasit14._surprisedmemostwas_suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.a.thatwhatb.whatthatc.thatwhichd.whatwhich15._wegoswimmingeveryday_usalotofgood.a.ifdob.thatdoc.ifdoesd.thatdoes16.oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.a.whatthatb.thatwhatc.thatwhichd.whichthat17.ihave

15、noidea_ornothehasfinishedthework.a.ifb.thatc.whetherd.which18.“doyouknow_”“hisfatherisadoctor.”a.whatishisfatherb.whoishisfatherc.whathisfatherisd.whohisfatheris19.theydiscussed_theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.a.ifb.thatc.whatd.whether20.sheasked_.a.whatiwasdoingwhensherangmeupb.whatwasid

16、oingwhensherangmeupc.whensherangmeupwhatiwasdoingd.whendidsheringmeupwhatiwasdoing21.itsuncertain_theexperimentisworthdoing.a.ifb.thatc.whetherd.how22.theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_itwasaholiday.a.exceptb.exceptforc.exceptthatd.butfor23._theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.a.thatb.wh

17、atc.howd.which24._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.a.what,whatb.what,thatc.that,thatd.that,what25._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.a.whatb.whoc.thatd.whether26._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.a.ifb.whetherc.thatd.where27._hereallymeansis_hedisagreeswithus.a.whatthatb.thatwhatc.whythatd.ifw

18、hat28._isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythepartycommittee.a.thatb.whyc.howd.who29._wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.a.whenb.whyc.whatd.that30._thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.a.ifb.wherec.thatd.what31._hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.a.howb.whatc.whyd.this32._youcomeorn

19、otisuptoyou.a.whatb.ifc.whyd.whether33._makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.a.whob.anyonec.whoeverd.anybody34._teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.a.whichb.thatc.ifd.how35.theproblemis_willgotothemeeting.a.whyb.whenc.whatd.who36.thatis_helikestheplacesomuch.a.thatb.whatc.whyd.how37.thatis_luxunoncelived.a.whatb.wherec.thatd.why38.whatimconsideringnow_themoneyweneed.a.isb.arec.wered.was39.canyoutellme_a.whoisthatgentlemanb.thatgentlemaniswhoc.whothatgentlemanisd.whomisthatgentleman40.weshouldthinkcarefullyabout_mr.needhamsaidatthemeeting.a.thatb.whatc